Attachment process
Attachment to the mother commences in utero. During delivery, the full term baby is attracted to the smell and voice of the mother, in addition to the amniotic fluid,. The initial indication of attachment and bonding to the mother is this attraction to the sensory stimuli of the mother. This attachment commences at the last trimester of pregnancy, when the fetus’ olfactory and auditory systems begin to function, enabling it to learn the odors and voice of the mother. While the fetus is still in the womb, it is held up by the amniotic fluid, making the olfactory mucosa alongside its sensors to be washed in the waves produced by the fluid during swallowing and thumb sucking by the infant. The rhythmic sound of the blood flow of the mother dominates the uterine acoustic environment, and the mother’s voice is transported via her amniotic fluid and bones to the ears of the fetus . The experience of the fetal with these stimuli is vital in modeling the response of the born infant due to experimental manipulation of the odor of the amniotic fluid and of the exposure to sound. Immediately the child is born, it is acquainted with the olfactory and auditory stimuli which are very important to the child because the new-born abruptly shifts into an environment filled with new sensory experiences such as new visions, textures, sounds, and temperatures. observes that a new-born will incredibly crawl to the breast of the mother if placed on her ventrum because it is the primary source of maternal odor and also of amniotic fluid. The infants are easily soothed in response to the scent of the mother even on the first day. During the initial days of life, these simple attachment cues with the mother change as the child continues to learn more features such as voice and face .
Secure attachment bond is the nonverbal communication and emotional association between a baby and the parent, their primary caregiver ensuring that the baby feels safe and sufficiently calm to experience the maximum development of their nervous system. The following is the procedure for developing secure relationships
The process of developing secure relationships requires that the caregiver understand the unique preferences and personality of the child. This can be done by watching facial expressions of the baby in addition to body movements for clues about their sensory needs. The caregiver should also become familiar with the different kinds of sounds made by the child and what they might imply
The initial signs and signals of the baby are about food and adequate rest. Ensuring that the child gets enough time for sleep and proper breast feeding or eating will increase the child’s ability to interact when awake .
Having fun with the baby through playing, laughing, touch, smiles and any helpful form of interaction is significant to the development of the infant just like food and sleep. The body language, tone of voice are also substantial in developing secure relationships with the child
Role of Key persons in fostering emotional well-being in children
The key person plays a crucial role in the emotional development of the child through engaging with the parents or carers, meeting the needs of the child, and keeping records of the child.
The key person promotes the emotional well-being of the child by engaging with parents through participating in and planning ways of having the parents involved through parents evening stay and play, trips, etc. the key person also enhances positive associations between nursery and home, develop a bond with the parent and engage in a positive manner .
The key person is also responsible for meeting the needs of the child through endeavoring to match the key child to the practitioner. They also are involved in planning according to the preferences of the child. Moreover, the key person is inclusive and tries to become aware of the individual needs of the child, their culture, background, any learning morbidity, nutritional requirements, and sensitivities and deliver the information to other staff and ensure that it is worked on .
The key person is also involved in the safety of the child’s records which is key to improving the emotional well-being of the child. The key person is responsible for completing the ‘me form’ with the parents during the trial session, and this becomes the starting point for the child journey of learning. Progress summary notes are also completed on time and any possible recommendations made for improvement. These records are significant in addressing the emotional development to the child because they show the point of weakness that needs to be improved upon
Secure relationships have a significant impact on a child’s well-being. Secure associations promote self-esteem and help the child to develop into safe adults who can lead a better life by fulfilling intimate relationships and maintaining emotional balance .The study by found out that secure connections in children made them feel confident about themselves and build relationships with others thus making them able to co-exist in society peacefully. Secure relationships have also been found to be effective in preventing attachment disorders, depression, and stress.
Common Transitions and significant events
Several significant transitions can happen to a child’s life which may have a considerable impact according to .These events include Loss of essential people in her/his life, Living outside the family home, the birth of a sibling, and changing settings.
Effects of Transitions and Significant Events on Child’s Life
The loss of an influential person can significantly affect the life of the child. For instance, the loss of a parent is likely to cause emotional complications in the future more so when they become adults or when they develop into puberty stage. A girl child in her puberty may find it difficult to figure out curtains and to approach male figure will be doubly challenging. Moreover, the child may not receive the amount of love they used to get from the significant person, and as a result, they may often struggle with developing relationships and miss the lost care thus causing depression and loneliness Meggit, C., Bruce.
Children may be forced by circumstances to live with other people except for their maternal parents. However, when this takes place at the age when the child is aware of the transpiring events, it is likely that they become unsettled. This is because of the several changes that occur both in the kind of people the child was used to and the environment. For example, children under the different carers such as foster carers may end up feeling unsettled and not confident on whom they are with, and this can cause trauma before going to the foster care and could lead to some flashbacks Meggit, C., Bruce.
The birth of another child is a transitional event that can affect the life of the already existing child. This is because the primary caregiver who is the mother becomes concentrated on the new-born and as a result, the other child might miss the routine services offered by the mother such as bedtime stories and may be provided by an unfamiliar person such as the father. However, small the birth of a sibling might be seen to affect the development of the already existing child, the changes or lack of the regular duties might cause the child to become unsettled or stubborn as a way of demanding for attention .
Found out that the change in the usual environment of the child is likely to destabilize the emotional well-being of the child if not appropriately addressed in time. Children who transition to nursery or pre-school might undergo internal transitions as they relocate from one room to another. The physical environment in the pre-school or nursery room will influence the behavior of the child.observes that room arrangements and materials determine where the focus of the children will be. Furthermore, most of the characteristics of the physical settings do not only affect the behavior of the occupants but also affect their mental health. Climate change as a result of a change in environment affects the health of the child and makes the child prone to vector-borne diseases.
Role of the practitioner in preparing the child for a planned transition
Practitioners can offer support to the child during a scheduled transition by cooperating with the family. A practitioner can coordinate with the family when assisting a child who is being transferred to another school by taking the time to narrate stories about a child being transitioned to another new environment. The practitioner can also hold regular transition meetings between the new environment and the school to enable the sharing of significant information and the child to be convinced of the transition.
Furthermore, the practitioner should recognize that all children can be susceptible during transition times, especially those with special needs by preparing the transfer form or the early year’s summary. The practitioner can also help in preparing for the planned transition by offering some opportunities for parents or caregivers to access information regarding the process of change such as open days, newsletter, and consultations. The practitioner can also support planned transition by offering assistance in the development of a transition policy which will help clarify the process for all involved parties and ensure that they are aware of the principles and practice of good transition .
Role of a practitioner in supporting the needs of children during transitions and significant life events
Children may not often air out their problems, but their conduct can give a sign of their anxiety, and regressive behaviors. The practitioner has a critical role in identifying the needs of the children and working towards meeting their needs. For instance, the practitioner should work closely with the families, even in minor issues such as changing from nappies to pants, by being in constant communication with the parents and updating them on the progress. The practitioners also work to provide emotional support to the children who have lost family members by making sure that the child is assigned additional tasks as a way of distracting him or her from distress. The development of positive relationships is the primary role of the practitioner for the child to be free to share their needs and be helped.
Physical needs of children
The physical requirements of children include food, water, exercise, shelter, and sleep. One of the essential physical needs of a child is an appropriate environment which offers a nutritious diet, fresh air, clean water. Fresh air is vital for optimal health and healthy development. The inhalation of impure air by children affects their mental functioning and can lead to the spread of airborne diseases such as whooping cough and measles. recommends proper ventilation of homes and nurseries to ensure continued supply of fresh air and performance. Children should also not be exposed to strong scented chemicals that are likely to contaminate the air such as detergents, paint perfumes, cosmetics among others.
Similarly, a balanced diet is necessary for the healthy development of the child. The American Federal Dietary recommends the intake of three meals per day and 1 to 3 healthy snacks. These foods include fresh vegetables and fruits, whole grains, dairy and meats in moderation, and they all should be home cooked. Children also need shelter and warmth; they should not be exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions. The home nursery should be protected from extreme weather conditions by installing heating and cooling equipment based on the need. Studies have indicated that exercise in the form of play is essential the optimal development of the muscles, lungs, and heart of the childfound out that activity in children was significant in developing good body posture, body coordination and in enhancing general well-being.
Role of the early year’s practitioner during
The function of an early year’s practitioner during nappy changing is vital. Early years practitioners are expected to adhere to the policies and procedures of the institution when changing nappies. It is also the responsibility of the practitioner to ensure that they put on disposable plastic aprons and gloves when changing nappies. Moreover, practitioners are expected to engage with the child to ensure that the task of changing nappies is enjoyable enough so that the baby is not distressed during the process. Furthermore, the practitioner should be observant of any abnormalities during the process and should later notify the supervisor and the caregiver or parent .
Toilet training is an essential activity for the children because they become ready to use the toile tor potty at different times. The role of the practitioner during this activity is essential. It is the role of the early year’s practitioner to comply with the policies and procedures of the institution when helping a child during toilet training. The early year’s practitioner should ensure that he or she understands the child’s way of referring to the need for going to the toilet or for potty. The practitioner should provide that a toilet seat or a potty is ready and available as at and when the child desires to go to the toilet because they are likely not to hold on while preparing for them. The practitioner is also expected to adhere to the preferences of the parent or caregiver, and to update them on the progress of toilet training within the institution.
The early year’s settings will in most cases require maintaining the hands and faces of the children, and in case the child gets an accident and needs to be cleaned up more so when the child has soiled himself. On the other hand, if the practitioner is home-based, then he or she will be required to bath babies before bedtime. Additionally, the practitioner is responsible for training the child on how to wash their hands, and if possible use posters that with pictorial demonstrations.
Young children and babies have delicate skin which requires routine care. Therefore, the child’s skin needs to be kept clean and dry and protected from harmful substances. The practitioner should ensure that sun cream is applied to them when it is summer and are outdoors. Children with dry or sensitive skin will require the practitioner to apply appropriate cream or oil. The practitioner should adhere to the preferences of the parent when providing care to the child’s skin. The policies and procedures of the setting must also be complied with taking care of the skin, teeth, and hair of the child. In the case of caring for the teeth, the practitioner should ensure that each child is supplied with a toothbrush unless provided by the setting. Moreover, the practitioner is to ensure that the child brushes her or his teeth after every meal. The child’s hair is equally to be kept clean whether short or long. The practitioner is to ensure that long hair is brushed on a regular basis and if appropriate tied back more so during play time. In the incidences that the practitioner suspects a child to have head lice, she or he should follow the settings policies and procedures in addressing the same .
During meal times, the practitioner works to ensure that the children are served nutritious food and pleasant. The practitioner should also encourage the children to eat by trying new healthy foods such as making them meals appear fun through making them appear colorful and bright, and designing the meals into smiley faces. The practitioner can also praise the children when they try to feed themselves .
Rest and sleep needs
The needs of every child about rest and sleep vary widely. A six-week-old infant requires approximately 15 to 16 hours of sleep for each day. These hours of sleep are likely to be broken down into 3-4 naps each day with most of the sleep being at night. A baby aged seven months old will sleep for about 11 hours each night with almost two naps during daytime each taking about 1-2 hours. In the case of 15 months aged child, 13 hours of sleep will be consumed at night. The child will take a single nap at daytime or 2 rapid rest naps. Similar sleep patterns are likely to be maintained up to three years under normal circumstances. A child aged between 4 to 5 years will most probably spend 10-12 hours of in sleep at night and no sleeping at daytime. Children aged 6-7 years spend about 8-10 hours of sleep at night time without sleeping during the day. According to parents or caregivers should ensure that children maintain regular times of sleep during the day and at night to achieve better sleep health and mental development.
Safety precautions for reducing SIDS
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected and mysterious demise of an infant. Although incidences of SIDS are occasional, studies have recommended precautionary measures to minimize the risks. The baby should always sleep in a cot in one room with the parents. A baby of six months old should still be in the same room with the mother and a cot including daytime naps. Lying babies should always sleep on their backs to minimize SIDS risk. By the seventh month, the infant can roll from her back to front, and should, therefore, be left to sleep on her preferred position. However, the caregiver should always ensure that the baby lye’s on her back for sleep. Adults should also avoid sleeping on the sofa or armchair while holding the child as this increases the possibility of suffocating or overheating, thus increasing the risk of SIDS .
Factors within the early years setting that are likely to affect the health and well-being of children
According to familial associations can adversely affect child health and well-being either positively or negatively. Research has indicated that caregivers that spend sufficient time with their children in playing and teaching or in undertaking different types of physical activities are likely to affect the development of the child positively. On the other hand, there was retarded growth in children whose parents spent less time with them in their physical environment .
Indicates that the environment affects individuals who interact with is more so children who are vulnerable to the surrounding influences. The physical environment in the school setting affects the behavior of the child. Learning in children is through exploration and assessment of their environment .Recommends that a learning environment should be good-looking and stimulating for active learning by the child.Found out that changes to the general room arrangement, ambiance and design enhanced the behavior of children.
According to, appropriate nutrition directly affects the development of the child both physically and psychologically. Infants from six to eight months are subjected to complementary diets and are at most susceptive to malnutrition .UNICEF indicates that 33% of children aged five years and below in developing countries are at risk of developing retarded growth or stunting. Stunting is the chronic malnutrition which is as a result of infection and poor nutrition. Macro and micronutrients are essential for normal growth and development. Deficiencies in micronutrients lead to anemia and even death. The report by had indicated that chronic diseases in infants are on the increase with diabetes being reported at 30% higher in developing countries that in develop countries.. The authors attribute this to subsistence in an unhealthy diet and lack of exercise.
National and local initiatives which foster the health and well-being of children
National Initiatives
The children’s food campaign was launched by sustain (the alliance for better food and farming) with an objective of improving the health and well-being of children by creating awareness on healthy food and protecting the young people from promotions on unhealthy food. Such an initiative aimed at promoting healthy eating in the school setting can be implemented through architectural design. The interior design of the school cafeteria can be redesigned to attract children, and at the same time, healthy food is offered. Additionally, the initiative can be implemented by providing health diet in the school menu and encouraging parents to do so after emphasizing its importance to them.
The SFV initiative is based on the premise that children should be served with a minimum of five portions of fruits and vegetables on a daily basis. The objective is to promote healthy eating in children .This initiative can be implemented by providing subsidized or free funded fruits and vegetables by the government in the state-owned schools and developing such policy for all private-owned schools.
Local Initiatives
CHAMP is a local initiative in Gibraltar which is aimed at addressing chronic diseases that affect children particularly obesity .This program can be implemented in the early years setting through providing school diet that is healthy and creating awareness to parents or caregivers on the importance of healthy nutrition and recommending an appropriate weekly menu for the child while at home.
The Gibraltar Health Authority (GHA) conducts an annual promotion on dental health and is aimed at improving dental hygiene in first school children. This programme can be implemented in early years setting by state health department sponsoring free dental check-up for all children of a given age that attend both public and private institutions. Specific government clinics can be identified, and then all children near the clinic can be taken yearly for check-up and provision of dental education to them in a way that is engaging such as by making use of colorful displays and using interactive materials.
Role of the early practitioner in maintaining a healthy environment for children
The early practitioner is responsible for managing a healthy environment for the children by considering the indoor and outdoor setting. The early practitioner must ensure that there is sufficient space to allow the children to move around with ease. The adult should also ensure that the room is adequately ventilated and the room temperature maintained at the appropriate level. It is also the work of the practitioner to provide that the outdoor equipment is in their correct and usable condition every day .Moreover, she should ensure that the outdoor area is free of debris and any other unwanted material. The practitioners also work to make sure that the surrounding is appropriate for the age bracket of children utilizing it. Both the outdoor and indoor equipment are to be maintained for proper use and also safe
Benefits of working in partnership with the parents in promoting the health and well-being of children
Collaboration between parents and practitioners is beneficial in several ways towards improving the welfare of a child. The partnership is useful to the parents, practitioners, and children. The cooperation develops a sense of security in children, and they benefit more from the educational openings provided to them. The children will also benefit from experiencing the same routine or approach. For example, the partnership allows the caregivers to provide information to the practitioners on the routine program of the child such as rest time, eating time, and any sensitivity so that the practitioner is prepared to respond accordingly in case of an emergency. The primary carers are the parents and are likely to be the first to note any issue affecting the child, and partnership with the practitioner allows the parent to deliver such information to the practitioner who can readily solve it to avoid any further escalations .
Nutritional value of the main food groups
Starchy foods
Examples include bread, potatoes, sweet potatoes, pasta, rice, and other gains. These are the primary source of iron, B vitamins, and carbohydrates. Serving is recommended four portions per day (for breakfast, lunch, and tea)
Fruits and vegetables
The group of foods comprises of vegetables and fruits whether dried, juiced, frozen or canned, in addition to pulses. The primary nutrients supplied by these foods include fiber, vitamins C and A (carotenes), iron and zinc. Serving should be done in five portions per day with each portion served as part of the important meal.
Beans, meat, eggs, fish and other protein sources (non-dairy)
This group consists of foods such as meat, fish, poultry and meat alternatives, and are significant sources of iron, zinc, protein vitamins D and A, and omega three fatty acids. These should be served two portions per day with each portion being provided as part of tea and lunch, and about three or two portions for vegetarian kids.
Milk and milk products
Examples of this cluster include yogurt, cheese, milk, and milk products. Milk and dairy products supply calcium, vitamin A, and protein, and should be served 3 portions on a daily basis and distributed in all meals. Milk and dairy products can also be taken as drinks and snacks .
Nutritional requirements and feeding methods of children
0-1 years
Infants from birth to 6 months old should purely be fed on breast milk or formula milk in case of insufficient milk. Complementary foods should gradually be introduced when the child is six months old and above because breast milk alone cannot meet the nutritional and energy requirements.
1-2 years
Once the child is between 1-2 years old, he can be served with 1 cup of fruit and three-quarters of vegetables. Three oz or equivalents of starchy foods should be introduced whereas 2 oz or equivalents of flesh, eggs or grains served. 2 cups of Milk and milk products are recommended with half to 2 small size portions of fat and sugar being served.
2-3 years
4 servings of fruits and vegetables per day are appropriate as well as starchy foods. Eggs, meat, and fish should be served once each day with milk and milk products served two to three times each day. Fat and sugar should be limited to half to two child size portions .
3-5 years
Children aged between 3 to 5 years old should be served with 3 servings of fruits and vegetables and 2 fruit servings each day. Cereals should be served five times a day, and milk, flesh, eggs, and beans served at least once per day. Two to three servings per day are recommended for milk and milk products. Fat and sugar should be limited to half and two child size portions .
5-7 years
Children that are 5-7 years old should be given 4-8 servings of vegetables and between two to four fruits per day. There should be at least six servings of starchy foods a day and between one and two servings of meat/fish/eggs or beans each day. Four to six servings of milk and dairy foods a day are encouraged. Fat and sugar should be restricted to one or two child size portions .
Role of early year’s practitioner in meeting the individual dietary needs of children and promoting their healthy eating
Practitioners should always work in partnerships with the main caregivers in order to be conscious of any allergies or special dietary requirements in relation to culture or religion. They should consider such issues when providing the children with meals or organizing activities that involve meals. It is the role of the practitioner to appreciate the significance of diet in the development and well-being of children. They should encourage the children to eat healthy foods by making it look exciting and appraising them when they have eaten .
Impacts of poor diet on the health and well-being of children
Short term
Poor nutrition affects the health and well-being of children in various ways. For instance, excessive consumption sodium caused bloating and headaches in the short-term. Too much sodium in the body causes water retention casing a bloated tummy, swelling of the cheeks. Moreover salt causes body dehydration, and as a result, the body retains excess water increasing the risks of headaches particularly to those suffering from migraines. A poor diet will also lead to low energy levels, and poor sleep quality, especially overeating before bedtime or the intake of stimulants before sleep.
Long-term
Obesity
Obesity is caused by a poor diet rich in saturated fats, sugar, simple carbohydrates and lack of exercise. As a result, a diabetic child is at risk of other additional health complications such as high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, and issues with breathing Brain function
Studies have indicated that Poor diets high in trans fats cause the brain to age faster. Furthermore, foods rich in sugar are poisonous, for example, sugar drains vitamin E in the blood and interferes with the mineral content in the body
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No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download