Discuss about the Psychological Factors in Alcohol related Illness.
The family plays a key part in both avoiding and prevailing with alcohol use and abuse both through including danger and supporting and promoting safety. The aim of this essay was to analyze how certain family related variables were associated to the use of alcohol on the basis of people. This essay psychologically examines a number of family involvements in young people’s taking up and later misusing substances. The use and exploitation of alcohol is widespread. Alcohol exploitation of any member of the family can result to harm for the individual and even for the entire community, as well as it can have a negative impact on rest of the family members. There are many words in the field that are frequently used confusingly. Recent data indicates that approximately 9% of the total population age 12 years or more and mainly 12% of age 12-17 are current users of illicit drugs (Becoña et al. 2013). This essay highlights the importance that seems liberalism and the necessity of considering family when providing control and affect, as father will influence male children and mother will influence female children. Different studies have found that the more liberal the families are towards drug use, the more likely it is that their family will drink alcohol. Alcoholism has become a major health concern in many societies. Alcohol is a drug that is deemed to cause major problems among the younger generations.
It has been long recognized that alcoholism runs in the family. A family which has a history of alcoholism is a well established risk in terms developing alcoholism. Nonetheless majority people do not develop alcohol disorders. There is an actual variation among alcoholic children with regards with their alcohol use and current research has been aimed at explaining the variation. Research faces the challenge of expressing diverse alcohol-related behavior variety from easy alcohol experimentation to stern alcohol dependence. Different reason influence different facet of drinking and an assessment to stop drinking (Fang & Schinke, 2013). The section is not intended as complete overview of psychological research, but instead focuses on the fact that has been conducted. Psychological reason of habit is people’s thought and beliefs. This is because of much the behaviors originate from the thoughts and the beliefs. Cause of addiction is a person’s developmental maturity. Psychology has helped to understand while people while people find it so difficult to discontinue a healthy behavior like alcoholism. There are several illnesses due to alcohol they are cancer, brain damage, heart disease, Osteoporosis. Women are more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol than men and younger and older people tend to be more vulnerable than those who are middle aged In order to prevent the alcohol disease first the family should correct the perception that everybody drinks. Use interactive teaching techniques. Every family has to set the right path for their family members. Elite group of families thinks that by drinking they can overcome their stress. Some cultures openly express drinking alcohol as the reward of a successful feat. The impact that the alcohol use can have on the family is a lot. For some times practitioners and researchers has allocated a crucial function in the family in order to develop or in the avoidance of all antisocial behaviors. Adolescent alcohol abuse is encouraged by environmental factors such as the behavior of the influential role model, social support that encourage this and easy access to it (?ablová, Pazderková & Miovský, 2014). The significance of overt peer pressure in alcohol use is neither proven nor reliable. Emphasizing the power of peers may lead to an underestimation of effect that parents have on their own. Study of combined information from longitudinal studies specify that poor level of parental participation and management of children have a well-built analytical authority for anti-social productive approach maybe to examine how these two forces interact. People who take pleasure in an extra optimistic relationship with their parents may be less prejudiced by drug-using friends and as a result be less concerned in alcohol using behavior (Stahre et.al, 2014). Premature drinking experience normally takes place inside the family surroundings and in this they may bring in appropriate behaviors concerning use. The family continues to be a sensible influence all through the adolescence period although parental influence decreases as adolescent’s age increases and at particular stage of adolescent development.
Drugs prevention has been sub-categorized into primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. More recently three new interventions have been identified as universal, selective and indicated interference with at risk collection with early proof of problems (Stautz & Cooper, 2013). For some young people frivolous and experimental use in not usually represent a lengthy problem, for the person, their relatives or their group of people. However in some situations more sustained use, relatively partial exposure to meticulous substance can direct to troubles. A family quality has been found to interact with such uneven as emotional well-being, life stress and communal support in predicting universal anti-social behavior as well as abuse of alcohol. A lot of interference are based on the thought that families play a significant role in socializing children to bend to the burden and opportunities of the societal surroundings. The closeness of the family has been found to discourage drug use both directly and through its impact on choice on non-drug using friends. It also appears to have a bearing whether experimental alcohol use leads to a more serious pattern of alcohol involvement. An elevated family cooperation is a very important factor in the family climate variable. Exact personal self may support certain type of people to spend a certain amount of time with family and may perhaps at the similar time support the evasion of behavior like alcohol use (Castellanos?Ryan et.al. 2013). One source of the variation in the outcomes of alcoholic, i.e. whether they develop a character related problem, the familial alcoholism occurs in different forms. Scientists have identified subtypes of alcoholism that are characterized by the type and degree of psychopathology associated with the alcohol abuse, in particular antisocial, personality and mood disorder such as depression (Cooper & Marshall, 2013). Recent studies suggest that the type of alcoholic syndrome present in the family influences the child’s risk of having psychological characteristics associated with risk of alcoholism (Blanco et.al, 2013).
Some theories suggest that early conduct problems which evolve according to the deviance proneness model into a broad set of behavior including alcoholism are related to the neuropsychological deficits in ‘executive functioning’ (Suzanne & Kril, 2014). A distinction is there between the properties of relational side of families on general alcohol use. Researchers have been examined family environment in an attempt to understand both the transmission of alcoholism from generation to generation and the causes of alcohol use and the misuse in the wider population. Recent data suggests that poor executive functioning predicts increases in alcohol consumption with a family history of alcoholism (Grant et.al, 2016). Most of alcoholics do not develop alcohol disorder dependence. Alcohol problems and their prevention cannot be viewed in isolation. Their complexity demands consideration not only of the health, welfare, moral, educational and economic aspects, but also of their combined implications in the development of the individuals, in the community and at the international level. A wide variety of skills and interests are therefore required in the relevant planning and programs. It is not clear yet that correlation between families and alcohol involvement may be due to shared genetic influences. Although only a few studies of protective factors have looked specifically at alcoholic families, some broader studies have found evidence of risk buffers. Alcohol use and alcoholism can be best being studied within the context of psychosocial development throughout the life span and researched interest in applying a developmental perspective to alcohol problem is increasing. It suggests that early developmental to alcoholism can be seen even in preschool years in the form of deficits in self-regulation, emotional reactivity, and conduct problems (Grenard, Dent & Stacy, 2013). For young adults, alcohol use is at the top in age related patterns and then declines after mid-20.
To conclude this psychological factor in alcohol consumption and alcoholism encompasses a broad range of investigations, it is to be understood that it aimed at understanding how multiple, biological and psychological risk factors interact to influence alcohol related illness. The more recent studies for this age related decline drinking may reflect changes in social norms regarding the acceptability of using alcohol. Relational aspects of families may have a huge influence than other aspects on making alcohol associated behaviors. The key ideas in work planned to use in order to prevent the family from alcohol use and mishandling amongst the people and increasing family shielding factors of family and individual child flexibility. There is a high tendency that the children face some psychological problem in order to face something or hide their inner feelings. It also clear that although family issue are clear, yet the effect of psychological problems is vital.
References:
Becoña, E., Martínez, Ú., Calafat, A., Fernández-Hermida, J. R., Juan, M., Sumnall, H., … & Gabrhelík, R. (2013). Parental permissiveness, control, and affect and drug use among adolescents. Psicothema, 25(3).
Becoña, I. E., del Elena, F., Amador, C., & Ramón, F. H. J. (2014). Attachment and substance use in adolescence: a review of conceptual and methodological aspects. Adicciones, 26(1).
Blanco, C., Krueger, R. F., Hasin, D. S., Liu, S. M., Wang, S., Kerridge, B. T., … & Olfson, M. (2013). Mapping common psychiatric disorders: structure and predictive validity in the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. JAMA psychiatry, 70(2), 199-207.
?ablová, L., Pazderková, K., & Miovský, M. (2014). Parenting styles and alcohol use among children and adolescents: A systematic review. Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 21(1), 1-13.
Castellanos?Ryan, N., O’Leary?Barrett, M., Sully, L., & Conrod, P. (2013). Sensitivity and specificity of a brief personality screening instrument in predicting future substance use, emotional, and behavioral problems: 18?month predictive validity of the substance use risk profile scale. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(s1).
Cooper, C. L., & Marshall, J. (2013). Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. In From Stress to Wellbeing Volume 1 (pp. 3-23). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Fang, L., & Schinke, S. P. (2013). Two-year outcomes of a randomized, family-based substance use prevention trial for Asian American adolescent girls. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(3), 788.
Grant, B. F., Saha, T. D., Ruan, W. J., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Jung, J., … & Hasin, D. S. (2016). Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III. JAMA psychiatry, 73(1), 39-47.
Grenard, J. L., Dent, C. W., & Stacy, A. W. (2013). Exposure to alcohol advertisements and teenage alcohol-related problems. Pediatrics, peds-2012.
Stahre, M., Roeber, J., Kanny, D., Brewer, R. D., & Zhang, X. (2014). Peer Reviewed: Contribution of Excessive Alcohol Consumption to Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States. Preventing chronic disease, 11.
Stautz, K., & Cooper, A. (2013). Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: a meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review, 33(4), 574-592.
Suzanne, M., & Kril, J. J. (2014). Human alcohol-related neuropathology. Acta neuropathologica, 127(1), 71-90.
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