Public Policy and Administration

Instructions: In answering the questions, make sure your answers are responsive, clear, and concise!  Late answer post will not be accepted. Answer all questionsNO OUTSIDE SOURCES AT ALL. Must be on time. Need in 24 hoursNo excuses, no exceptions! No grammatical errors complete sentences. You may use the slides attached to help answer the questions. Question #1:Management and budgeting are often called the opposite sides of the same coin. What does that mean? Discuss how the federal budget formats of line-item budgeting is related to the management approach Theory X and zero-base budgeting is related to the management approach M.B.O. Which combination of budgetary/management approach is better-suited to dealing with a severe budgetary shortfall in an organization, why?   (40 pts.)Question #2:Intergovernmental relations (IGR) are a critical part of local government functions. During the 19th. Century, the term “layer cake” was used to describe intergovernmental relations in the U.S. What term describes IGR into the 20th century? Define both terms and  discuss how that new term evolved during the 20th. Century. How does IGR affect local government administration today.  (30 pts.)Question #3:Define each of the following concepts. Be sure to include the relevance of the concept to public policy or administration. ( 5 pts. each, 30 pts. total)Constituent policyImpasse resolutionDillon’s Rule4. “Fund budgeting”Matrix organization6. Sticky Floor