Public Transport System: Stakeholders, Sub-Systems, And Improvements

Identification of the key stakeholders of the system

1.Identification of the key stakeholders of the system (Camacho Foth and Rakotonirainy 2013).

Government /Authorities	Transport/ Operator	Communities / Local neighborhoods	Others Save Time On Research and Writing Hire a Pro to Write You a 100% Plagiarism-Free Paper. Get My Paper
Local authority	Transport provider / operator.	National environment NGOs	Research institutes
Neighboring cities	Transport consultant	Motorist associations	University
Local transport authority	Car sharing companies	Trade union	Training institutions.
Traffic police	Bicycle rental operation	Media	Experts from other cities
Other local transport bodies	Other mobility providers	Local authority forum	foundation
Supplier	Major employers	Local interest group

2.Responsibility of the system from the perspective of the stakeholders:

Stakeholder	Requirement
Local authority	The requirement in this field is development and training, pensions, occupational health matter
Government/ politician	Ensure effective delivery of the government transport policies to assist in meeting objectives, which are wider (de Luca 2014).
Local transport authority	This includes passenger executive transport, transit authority and committee is related to regional transport.
Supplier	These include rolling stock manufacturers, vehicles, supplier of fuel, clothing manufacturer and IT companies (de Luca 2014).

3.Identification of the sub-system for this system along with the construction of a high-level system hierarchy diagram:

4.Consideration of the bus in the public transport system along with the identification of the containing systems to which the “bus” as a system contributes:

5.

Contribution	Conflicts	Result
Handling of suggestions and complaints from the customers	Unable to respond to the problems of the customers.	Better handling of the suggestions and complaints can result in better understanding of the areas along with identifying them for the purpose of improving them (Lovan Murray and Shaffer 2017).
Briefing in a specific way along with training for the employees.	Improper training and less briefing can lead to several difficulties like the inability to face various challenges.	If proper training is provided then the employees will be able to tackle the various challenges and will help them in focusing on the exceeded expectations of the passengers (Vigar 2013).
Providing reliable and useful information to the passengers	If proper information is provided to the customers then it can lead to various conflicts and will also make the customers lose faith over the providers.	If proper information is provided to the customers then the service can become more accessible and along with that, it can also improve the service (Lovan Murray and Shaffer 2017).
Proposal regarding improvement of the service.	If proper proposal is not provided then it can cause various problems which will ultimately result in the failure.	By proper planning for the improvement of the problems that will be identified can lead to success of the service (Vigar 2013).  This might also include the management of various important operations like ticket, passenger orientation and many more.

6.Trade study value system for the purpose of addressing the conflicting requirements:

The steps include the decision making which is the process of selecting an alternative for the selected process. This generally occurs during the planning phase of the project along with last moment decisions, which often proves to be very much successful. The diagram shows the various procedures involved in the making of the decisions, which will also be minimizing the various inefficiencies along with the redundancies (Locatelli Mancini and Romano 2014). These is an idealized process along with this it also provides the description about the ways in which a decision is to be taken for an ideal world and what are the ways in which it is described in the official documents. The processes in the real world are not in an ordered form.

Another process is the Applied Systems Analysis which is the use of the rigorous methods for the purpose of assisting in the determination of the optimal plans, designs and solutions for the large scale problems by making use of the analytical methods. This system mainly focuses on the various uses of the methods, different concepts along with the relation that exists between the problems and the various ranges of the available techniques (Buede and Miller 2016). There are multiple solutions for a single solution. The final solution is decided depending upon the cost and valuation along with the feasibility of the technique.

7.Context diagram for the bus in the public transport system (White 2016), which helps in clear identification of the other key interfaces, which are indicated, to the other systems:

8.Some of the functions that are related to the bus transportation are as follow:

• Scheduling: many of the transport services run between specific time services. This can be very much helpful from the prospective of the user. On the other hand, it can be stated that it is very much difficult to achieve this due to the factor of breakdown, traffic management problem (de Oña et al. 2013). Predictable effects such as rush hour time between the morning and the evening can affect it very largely. The provision of duplicate buses can be helpful in the modification purpose to the extent of number of passengers that can be accompanied in that time framework.
• Fixed infrastructure: Bus services have directly implemented many types of infrastructure, which can be very much helpful in many of the suborned and urban areas (Zhong et al. 2014). The large interchanges have been required for the building of the bus stations. The most basic example in this scenario is the ubiquitous bus stops.
• Management: The reliability and the level for the bus service is often quality of the traffic congestion and the population density. Increasingly technology is being used for the sector of the improvemen6 provided the user of the bus service. The vehicle tracking technology can be used for the purpose of improvement provided from the prospective of the users of the bus (Farahani et al. 2013). The vehicle tracking to assist the process of scheduling. This displays the service information at the stops, inside the bus and the waiting area of the passengers.

9.The main issue, which can be raised, is the relation between the process and the service, which is serviced to the customers. This can be identified with the impact it has on the service, which is provided to the customer. It involves the proper orientation of the framework of the transportation service, which is given to the customers. This directly incorporates the way the service is being provided to the users of the bus service. The contributions and the results have been identified here along with providing the details of the various conflicts. The roles and responsibilities have been highlighted here for the purpose of providing a better service for the customers as expected by them. The quality of the service that is being provided acts as one of the major factor responsible for the development. Considering the bus, it can be said that areas which are having a high access needs to have an improvement in the operation performance which can be done by improving several factors which includes thing like the reliability on the bus service, safety, comfort and many more. 

References: 

Bataille, M. and Steinmetz, A., 2013. Intermodal competition on some routes in transportation networks: The case of inter urban buses and railways (No. 84). DICE Discussion Paper.

Buede, D.M. and Miller, W.D., 2016. The engineering design of systems: models and methods. John Wiley & Sons.

Camacho, T.D., Foth, M. and Rakotonirainy, A., 2013. Pervasive technology and public transport: Opportunities beyond telematics. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 12(1), pp.18-25.

de Luca, S., 2014. Public engagement in strategic transportation planning: An analytic hierarchy process based approach. Transport Policy, 33, pp.110-124.

de Oña, J., de Oña, R., Eboli, L. and Mazzulla, G., 2013. Perceived service quality in bus transit service: a structural equation approach. Transport Policy, 29, pp.219-226.

Farahani, R.Z., Miandoabchi, E., Szeto, W.Y. and Rashidi, H., 2013. A review of urban transportation network design problems. European Journal of Operational Research, 229(2), pp.281-302.

Locatelli, G., Mancini, M. and Romano, E., 2014. Systems engineering to improve the governance in complex project environments. International Journal of Project Management, 32(8), pp.1395-1410.

Lovan, W.R., Murray, M. and Shaffer, R. eds., 2017. Participatory governance: Planning, conflict mediation and public decision-making in civil society. Routledge.

Vigar, G., 2013. The politics of mobility: Transport planning, the environment and public policy. Routledge.

White, P., 2016. Public transport: its planning, management and operation. Taylor & Francis.

Zhong, C., Huang, X., Arisona, S.M., Schmitt, G. and Batty, M., 2014. Inferring building functions from a probabilistic model using public transportation data. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 48, pp.124-137