Reflective Report Using David Kolb’s Reflective Model

Reflection on selected week (week 1)

Reflection and evaluation: Reflection and evaluation are two separate definitions, but they are related concepts. The process of reflecting actions on your previous experiences that one may learn from that experience is Reflection. The process of doing an assessment about an experience or a person is Evaluation (Future learn, 2013).

However, it is attainable to reflect on an experience, when reflecting at a report level, without evaluating that event. It is difficult not impossible to evaluate an experience without reflecting on that event. In this given task, reflective report is to be prepared and after analysing that reflective report of all weeks

Therefore, Reflection on your educational practice is a type of evaluation that we will continue to learn this in detail in this given problem. According to Kolb, an individual learner moves through a spiral of immediate experience, which leads to observations and reflections on that event.

David Kolb’s Reflective Model

First step of Kolb’s Model –

In Exploratory Learning Model of Kolb theory concepts related to understanding and description of human behaviour are given which enables us to understand effectively human learning efficiencies and pattern. Forming theoretical concepts, detailed experience, evaluating and observing in new environment then providing results and Reflection, These all processes are basic procedure lying in Kolb’s theory.

Four-stage cycle can further explain as:

• Detailed Experience: when a person is being involved in a new event then this stage is referred as Concrete Experience.
• Reflective Observation: when someone develops observations about his own experiences then it is Reflective observation.
• Abstract Conceptualisation: process of creating algorithms to explain his own observations is known as abstract conceptualization
• Mobile experimentation: when previously derived theories are being used to solve issues, making decisions then it is referred as stage four, which is active experimentation.

Second Step of Kolb’s Module:

• Convergers: Combining AC & AE stages defines convergers, these are marked as good problem solvers as well as decision makers. When there is a requirement of finding solution of excel tasks that require single best precise answer then convergers are preferred. Applications of convergers lie broadly in physical science as well as engineering field.
• Divergers: Combining CE & RO stages to resolve imaginative or hypothetical problems is referred as divergers, In general, these provide alternative answers to problems. Divergers are human, feeling oriented, and their work is based on humanities and liberal arts.
• Assimilators: Combining of AC & RO stages to create theories is referred as assimilators; these have a different feature of having Logical thinking ability. Area of working in assimilators is Ideas and concepts rather than people. Applications of assimilators are in Basic Science, Mathematics field.

• Accommodators: when CE & AE, both phases are combined to plan and wind up tasks then this combination referred as accommodators, these are action oriented. Accommodators are action oriented as well as they are available to new events and change, also can work focusing on people. Applications are practical fields, such as Business.

Now heading to finding solution of given tasks, I will further move to Task 1 (a) -reflective report will be written based on following David Kolb’s Reflective Model (leeds beckett university, 2015) .:

Step 1: Detailed Experience (Kolb’s “experiences”)	As we know already that Life is filled up of experiences, we can grasp from those experiences. Be it at home or at work, there are countless occasions for us to ‘kick-start’ the learning set.
Step 2: Reflection (Kolb’s “Reflective observation”)	Reflection involves thinking and noting about what we have done, experienced in experiences. Some people are good at this. Others train themselves to be more thoughtful about reviewing their own experiences and noting them.
Step 3: Conceptualization (Kolb’s “Abstract conceptualization”)	When we progress from evaluating about our experiences to interpret them we enter into the stage of ‘conceptualization’. To conceptualize is process of generating a hypothesis about the explication of our experiences.
Step 4: Plan (Kolb’s “Mobile experimentation”)	In the mobile experimentation stage of the learning model, we effectively ‘evaluate’ the hypotheses we have done. Our new experiences will either reinforce or challenge those hypotheses.

Kolb’s Learning Design Inventory (LSI)

LSI is a self-assessment evaluation, based on experimental learning that is designed to measure your strengths & weaknesses as a learner. This practical learning can be conceived as a four-stage process:

1. Immediate Concrete experience is the base
2. Observation & Reflection
3. Observations attained in above steps arranged into an “algorithm” form, which provides an implication for future actions.
4. Above implications then serve as a guide in taking action to create new experiences.

1. Description of Thorough Experience

My June 2018 began with so much excitement and willingness to learn new things as new faces met with each other their different individual thinking formed a new platform to explore innovative Evaluation & Reflection ways. On very first day of “ten weeks Learning module,” The module (PPDI) was introduced, where Project Design and Implementation (Module code PPDI5039) was discussed. To exchange information and to improve communication, we created a WhatsApp account and group admins added all the members. One of group admin of WhatsApp group suggested to all of us to give opinions regarding electing Group Leader in the WhatsApp group. We all did the skills health check and it was successful. We all mutually conducted many Activities focused on the importance of effective communication, time management practice skills, reflecting you, and teamwork. A self-assessment quiz was also conducted and I enjoyed that quiz being an active player, as it was beneficial in reflecting my personal and professional life. On 13^th June 2018, we scheduled meeting for 12 noon and one of us did not arrive on time then after waiting for 10 minutes I suggested to the group to proceed with the meeting to meet weekly targets.

Task 1(a) – Kolb’s Reflective Model

2. Reflections

During first week, initially we group members tried to interact with each other and this part was interesting. During Interaction with group, I personally realised that, we will be more productive if we will work together, maintaining harmony in the group. The support and encouragement from your friends & group members will motivate you, and you can ask your group leader and supervisor to check in regularly on how you are doing in classes and workshops (South University, 2013). One more reason behind effectiveness of Teamwork is that your team members believe in you and that you see them so often, you will never want to disappoint them. I came to know that Reflective Practice is a great way of thinking about experiences to learn from past mistakes, to identify weaknesses and strengths, and develop alternatives and actions for revolution and future success. Reflective Practice is far better than recorded training for continue professional development (CPD). While playing self-assessment quiz ,I asked many self-evaluating questions to myself sitting idle and talking to self for a while Instead reading some long pre written novels or journals, then I was able to link reflection & action together. Learning from PPDI Module promoted critical thinking of mine for innovative knowledge and insights; it also enabled lifelong teaching and development. Based on scheduled meeting on 13^th, June in afternoon my experience was very calculative. I acquired the importance of organizing to meet, meeting times, punctuality and responsibility of everyone of eying on members before the start to make sure no one is losing out by being late. Still if someone from the group is coming late too much than scheduled time then there should be no waste of time for other group members who came on time and following protocols. This incident made me realize the significance of attending meetings punctually for group productivity. Introduction about the Cesim project was completed successfully during this 11^th June- 17^th June week, Still I had read on the Cesim project because I was slightly confused on how we will do that task further.

3. Generalizations/Principles/Theories

Learning from this first week taught me to work effectively in a Team. I found myself navigated to the Development of ideas, evaluating ideas in practice- planning, trying out what I have learned in past. I understood from others actions, that Being Punctual in life and at work having vital role. I explored some great theories and learnings as Reflective Practice, PPDI Module learning, Importance of Effective communication, Self-assessment.

4. Testing and Application

Now that PPDI Module Introduction and Cesim Project both were introduced, I started practising the newly acquired conceptual knowledge. I explored many examples and famous theories of reflection models and after reading those theories I was able to use my own reflections and thoughts for improvements as well as the theories back into my practice. If I will try out new strategies then some of them will work, may be others will not, therefore this is then obviously the base for the next cycle of learning. Learning through reflection has been very much effective because to be reflective aims to mentally roam through where we have been and to attempt to make some perception out of it (Costa and kallick, 2008). Importance of learning, reflecting on experiences promotes insight and complex teachings. Learning from Reflection provides link between current experience and previous learnings (Costa and kallick, 2008).

Thus, this above discussion concluding that self-reflection reporting of week-1 has been prepared using David Kolb’s Reflection theory. This above prepared Kolb’s reflection model will help in entire further process. Importance of selecting one suitable model of reflection theory is apparently highlighted in all above parts. As I adopted Reflective Process Model given by David Kolb to analyse my experiences during first week therefore reflection, Learning could be drawn easily with the help of given concrete theory of this Model. This Task 1 giving us the idea that learning from our experiences it is not enough, just to have them. Having experiences will only take us into first stage of that cycle. Summing up, learning from our experiences involves the important element of self-assessment practice. Obviously, most people do not theorize about their learning in this way that I adopted in details, but in their learning follow automatically Kolb’s cycle without knowing it.

Now, as we have learnt how to prepare a Reflective report by applying any appropriate Reflective model and how to apply this model for learning through reflection and self-reflective practice. Therefore, door of further preparing Reflective final report that is a summary reflection of the ten weeks is unlocked. The knowledge and practice gained in the PPDI (Personal, Project Development and implementation) module will be used as the key part to this following reflection report.

I chose David Boud Reflective Model for analysing whole ten weeks. This reflective model is helpful in understanding how I will apply learnings gained in ten weeks to do future tasks effectively. This theory implies that going to any particular event hypothetically and noting down the experience of that particular incident is the first step of Boud’s Experimental Learning. Now consider this teaching in detail and re-evaluate in terms of Knowledge and experimentation. After this planning for what you want to change in your habits and database is the final stage of Boud’s Reflection.

 David Boud’s Triangular Model:

Rather, any experience is likely to produce learning, but only if we pass from all Boud’s model stages by reflecting on our practices, interpreting them, and testing our understandings.

 Task 1 (b) David Boud’s Reflection Model 

These reflections are then absorbed and linked with previous knowledge and translated into abstract concepts or theories, which result in new ways & actions to adjust to the experience that can be tested and explored.

 According to this Model, “learning is the process where knowledge is created through the transmission of experience .Knowledge results from the combination of grasping experience and transforming it.”

 Experience

• Week 1:  During, the introduction, I was able to clarify individual tasks and activities that would be enclosed in our PPDI as well as EVRE module. I also understood that what are my duties and responsibilities expected from our group. We group members created a WhatsApp group and introduction of Cesim project was discussed. One group meeting on 13^thJune 2018 was scheduled mutually at 12 noon for discussing module tasks.
• Week 2:During second week, we learnt Applying Kolb’s theory and Johari’s Window in theory or hypothetical form. Creation of Gantts chart and application of Boud’s triangle theory also discussed among all group members .Gantt chart, is commonly used tool in  project management, which is a useful way of showing tasks or events presented against time. List of the activities is on the left of the tool and along the top, there is a suitable time scale (Gantt, 2018) . To promote leadership learnings and better execution of ideas in our group, nomination of group leader with approval of everyone was done. A Group meeting was scheduled on 20^th June 2018 at 1.45 pm to discuss activities scheduled for second week. For that meeting the group leader sent reminders through text as well as WhatsApp for better communication.

• Week 3: During third week of module Review of Cesim project growth activities were successful done. Our project manager conducted a session on Basic knowledge of how to make our aiming, thinking, and socializing, imagining better. We all should get involved physically in all kinds of group issues and work together with people. Exercises based on Learning agreements, Project phases, Morals review checked list and skills mapping were done in the group. One of the group members got confused between PPDI and EVRA module during group meeting on 27^thJune 2018 afternoon meeting. Then project manager clarified how could we interlinked PPDI and EVRE modules.
• Week 4-10: During week 4-10, The Ethics form was completed by complete guidelines and GSM code were introduced for ethics review form.During week-5, Completion of Cesim project practice was done and the group ended up choosing a preferred conflict handling style. The knowledge was based on how persons have handled conflicts in the past. There was no activity during the week-6, due to a member of group was on paternity leave. During week-7, difference between surface learning and deeper learning was discussed. After week-6, we all were assigned to do Individual report writing research as almost each topic and requirement was discussed already in details in previous weeks. When completion of the practice round was arranged then one member did not finish their practice session therefore group leader suggested to send that member to home and the group agreed for that member to go home and complete their part first .while the other remaining members preceded on the agreed weekly activity. Report writing research work was started at the end of week-6.

Reflection

On the very first day of week-1, during, the introduction, I was able to clarify individual roles and activities that would be covered in this module and I understood what is expected from our group. The module (PPDI) was introduced and I was able to know about week 1 activities, we tried to improve communication. I learnt plenty of these activities and importance of reflecting teamwork, Good communication, and myself. During these all ten-week exercise, I had read a lot on the Cesim project. During Project lead election, I learnt the importance of being an active team member. I also learnt the importance of Project managers during Cesim project practice. The group also learnt to use individual skills to allocate task and looking back, the group knew their roles and worked effectively together by covering their parts. I learnt how to complete the duty for the learning pact. I remember thinking why the meeting was cancelled due to one of the member was absent, when we could have proceeded with the weekly activities planned. From that meeting cancellation event, I learnt that each team member is important but wasting of group people time for the sake of other person’s problems. Besides, I learnt the importance of teamwork, management, and strong communication when I was working on project management. During one incident when one group member was sent back to home on account for not completing his practice session activity. It made me understand the spirit of confirmation of finishing of individual task prior to group meetings.

Throughout week-6, I researched on the Project managers roles and gathered information that was going to discuss in week-7 activity. When I was working on project management, I learnt completing an assignment in favour of learning contract.

At the end of ten weeks, I was able to use self-reflective observation, intellectual, active experimentation and forecasting to reflect during the Gantts chart activity and Cesim project, EVRE Module and learning journals.

Learning

I learnt how to apply David Boud’s reflective triangle model, David Kolb’s Reflective Model, and learnt Johari’s window activities to reflect on self-assessment. Ten week exercise also justifying use of Journals reading which help individuals to learn from other individual’s experiences. Hence, it is very important to discover the procedure of learning from experiences. Being social with your academic group members always gives you quality knowledge and opportunities to grow in every way. I also realised that each member’s presence in all group activities is important on account for group learning and teamwork.

Looking back, initially it seemed very difficult to execute each and everything on time and complete everything within deadlines, but when I started to follow the three steps of Experience, reflection and learning to reflect on any event, I found it a right valuable process to use to reflect critically on all incidents of our past activities. During complete learning process of ten weeks, the deeper learning process taught me to change the way I think and behaviour to adjust to situations for improved value of conclusions. During this EVRE module, we became aware with the concept of learning by reflection and a number of reflective models that can be suitable when reflecting on your knowledge. Reflection is often overlooked in the learning process (Prezi inc., 2018). While in reality Reflection succours in learning and this happens in 3 phases (Prezi inc., 2018): Prior Learning experience, during learning experience and  Post Learning experience.

Work related skills set contains Ability to manage different circumstances, detailed knowledge of all cultures, Global Mind-set, Willingness to learn, good communication skills, and analytical skills (Fast Company Magazine, 2018). Role of Work related skills in development of workplace growth was understood during this module.

This above discussions in all parts concluding that Designing a career and individual development plan will also contain a necessity of ability to create these reflective reports. Evaluation and reflection (EVRE) is a work-based learning module hence, it is anticipated that you will maintain a weekly reflective log of your past events. The weekly log is also an evidence of your attendance and involvement with the EVRE workshops. Creating weekly log and Reflective report is an evidence of your training and replications and you have to utilize it to inform your final work plan.

We can conclude that based on above two reflective reports it is justified to generalize concept of relationship between Prior experience and Future goals. Moreover, only self-Reflection process is not sufficient for achieving long-term goals, for achieving them strategic preplanning of SMART Goals is mandatory.

Career Planning will help us in Growing. Having a genuine career plan in place is always an essential part of someone’s personal growth and perfection. Without goals to endeavour for, most persons find it hard to stray from the easy rule or to achieve skills, which make them a more valuable commodity in the business world. In previous task, Reflective report of all weeks has been prepared. In those given tasks, reflective report was to be prepared and after analysing that reflective report of all weeks, Career and Personal Development Plan is to be achieved in second task. Reflective report can be made only when Reflection has been analysed deeply by relating any suitable academic theory to the task situation and identify the influence of that theory in reflection writing.

This strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results (SOAR) analysis is a tactical planning tool that focuses on an association of its current strengths and vision of the yet to come for emerging its strategic goals. This tool gives the answers to queries like what are our great strengths, what are our greatest prospects, what is our ideal future, what are the computable results that will tell that we have achieved the vision of the prospect. As focus on Erection of the organization or person’s strengths will give greater results than expenses time trying to spot-on weaknesses.

    On Applying the SOAR (Self, Opportunity, Aspirations, Results) to create career and personal development plan, the essentials of the SOAR Tool are:

• S Stands for = Strengths – greatest assets
• Stands for= Opportunity – opportunities that will enable us to use our strengths
• A Stands for = Aspiration –short / medium / long-term aspirations and preference for future.
• R Stands for = Results –Review and measurement of what is achieved

SELF/STRENGTHS	OPPORTUNITIES
· Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills · Punctuality · Sincerity · Effective communication skills · Adaptive thinking · Collaboration Skills · Soft skills · Personal management · Empathy · Innovation and Creativity · Technology skills	· Overall Personal Growth · Overall Professional Growth · Career achievement · Being a cheerful personality · Enriched Skills set
ASPIRATIONS	RESULTS
· Marketing Team Head · Project Manager · Soft skills Trainer · Management Professional · Content Writer · Research Associate · Academic Trainer	· Life Goal achievement · Medium term goals achieved · Professionally and Socially connected · Contribution to society and humanity

SMART Goals are a vital part of well-established tool that one can use to plan and attain his goals. While we use this tool, one thing is most important that goals should be :

Specific- means Significant.

Measurable- means Motivational and Meaningful.

Achievable- means attainable and action-oriented.

Relevant – means results-oriented and reasonable.

Time-bound- means timely achieved and trackable.

When someone is using SMART Tool, then he can achieve clarity, possibility, and significant goals. Although for using this tool developing support, motivation and action strategy is mandatory to achieve them.

SMART goals can also be applied on your travel plans making them specific, measurable, achievable, appropriate, and timely managed. Everyone should think about how he or she can adjust their vision and rephrase them as a SMART goal, so that they can achieve their dream come true.

What do I want to learn? (Specific)	I want to achieve the skills set and knowledge, which is required to become head of marketing in a Multinational Corporation company. Therefore, I can shape my career and leads a successful group of professionals.
What do I have to do? ( Measurable)	For achieving my specific goal ,I will develop skills to Analyse market conditions and challenger activity, attend, and grab knowledge from social and digital marketing campaigns, Demonstrated leadership, Capacity for people management within next one-year’ time.
What support and assets will I need? ( achievable)	I will attend specific training courses and attain relevant experience based on my experience and qualifications. I will complete the required training and skills attaining process effectively within time.
How will I measure my progress? (Relevant)	I want to gain the skills to become head of marketing in a successful organization, but right time to undertake the required relevant training, or work toward additional qualifications will be managed by me only. Evaluation of the thing that I am the right person for the head of marketing role will be done by me by self-assessment practice.
Date for review of results ( Time limit)	To become head of marketing, attaining the skills may require supplementary training?  and experience?to what I have achieved according to me, so finding out the required time to acquire these skills is necessary so that re-evaluation can be done on routine basis. If I will need?further training, then within time I will do that review. Because It is essential to set a genuine time border for finishing the smaller goals that are essential to achieve final Goal.

Short Time span Goals (next four months)

· To make connections with mentors · Progressing on research/thesis writing · To get an on-campus job in desired department · I want to explore Good technical knowledge, Management skills, and Analytical skills, Career and Personal Management, Time Management, Leadership Opportunities. · To write a Research paper on Project Management · To Join an activity club, which includes activities based on self-assessment practice, effective communication skills, and better personality · To Try not to let my diet crumble and Finding my innovative way of relaxing · Meeting with a Successful career-planning advisor to verify my already set future goals

Medium Time span Goals (next 2 – 3 years)

· To Take part in activities that do allow for measurable progress is a nice breath of fresh air when it comes to personal development · To pursue higher management studies in desired and required management stream for achieving SMART goals · To Attend all the free and college sponsored activities as much as I can · To spend Fixed minimum time in the library · To set time to specifically relaxing activities such as cleaning or drawing · To plan a monthly calendar for academics improvement showing schedule of all quizzes and tests · To meet with my professors one on one basis · To develop personal health avoiding late night eating, habit of wake up around the same time daily, going to sleep around the same time each night. · To keep my room clean and read books for fun also · To set a schedule for the gym, exercise and stick to it · Being in touch with family/old friends, mentors

Long Time span Goals (following 3 to 5 years)

· To become Marketing Management Team Head of a Multinational company · Enriching my skill set aiming to achieve long-term goal · To enhance communication and soft skills for the betterment of personal growth · To contribute something towards humanity and humankind · To learn continuously from the immediate environment and work surroundings for becoming a better human being · To support friends and family and colleagues in their needs · To take an Extra Challenging Course when previous goal is accomplished · Schedule visit with each Professor at least once per semester (American InterContinental University , 2016).

Conclusion

Thus, conclusion of creating Career and development strategy is that Getting Experience alone is not enough to learn in Life. In order for real learning to occur, the learner must also reflect on the knowledge and experience. Although Experience based learning has countless benefits yet achieving experience, learning by self-reflection also require one direction to be executing in, hence Future Goals can be achieved. As without setting goals or purposes, life becomes a chain of messy happenings on which you cannot control. Without having an objective you become the plaything of happenstance. Accomplishments of like sending someone to the Mars, Space, inventing the helicopter and electricity are the result of a goal that was set by someone at some point of time. A vision that was charted and realised took a shape of these achieved goals.

References 

Ajjawi, and boud, d. (2018) ‘Examining the nature and effects of feedback dialogue’, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, pp. 1-14.

American InterContinental University (2016) 6 Smart Goals for College Students, [Online], Available: https://www.aiuniv.edu/blog/2016/may/smart-goals-for-college-students [10 Aug 2018].

Arends, R. and Castle, S. (1991) Learning to teach, 2^nd edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.

Atkins, S. and Murphy, K. (1993) ‘Reflection: a review of the literature’, Journal of advanced nursing, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1188-1192.

Bolton, G. (2014), in Reflective practice writing and professional development, london: sage.

boud, d. (2018) David Boud – Experiential Learning, [Online], Available: https://prezi.com/s6t4hluas–x/david-boud-experiential-learning/ [09 Aug 2018].

Boud, D. and Molloy, E. (2013), in Feedback in Higher and Professional Education, London: Routledge.

Boud, D., Keogh, R. and Walker, D. (1985) ‘Promoting reflection in learning: A model’, Reflection:Turning experience into learning, pp. 18-40.

Boud, D., Keogh, R. and Walker, D. (2013) Reflection: Turning experience into learning, Routledge.

Conley, D.T. (2015) Student Aspirations: Key to Powerful Learning, [Online], Available: https://www.pearsoned.com/student-aspirations-key-to-powerful-learning/ [11 Aug 2018].

Costa, A.L. and kallick, b. (2008), in Learning and Leading with Habits of Mind: 16 Essential Characteristics for Success, alexandria: ASCD.

Fast Company Magazine (2018) Eight career skills you need to be competitive in 2016, [Online], Available: https://www.fastcompany.com/3055352/eight-career-skills-you-need-to-be-competitive-in-2016 [11 Aug 2018].

Future learn (2013) Introduction to Enhancing Learning and Teaching in Higher Education, Sep, [Online], Available: https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/enhancing-learning-and-teaching/0/steps/26451 [09 Aug 2018].

Gantt (2018) What is a Gantt Chart?, [Online], Available: https://www.gantt.com/ [11 Aug 2018].

Gibbs, G. (1988), in Learning by Doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods, Oxford: Oxford Further Education Unit.

Khattab, N. (2015) Students’ aspirations, expectations and school achievement: what really matters?, [Online], Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/berj.3171 [11 Aug 2018].

Kolb, D.A. (1976) Learning style inventory technical manual, Boston: McBer.

Lawrence, L.W. and Ashmore, L. (2014), in The Reflctive Practitioner in Professional Education, New York: Palgrave MacMillan.

leeds beckett university (2015) Models for structuring reflection, [Online], Available: https://skillsforlearning.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/preview/content/models/02.shtml [08 Aug 2018].

McCaugherty, D. (1991) ‘The use of teaching model to promote reflection and the experimental integration of theory and practice in first-year student nurses: an action research study’, Journal of advanced nursing, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 534-543.

McMillan, K. and Weyers, J. (2013), in How to Imrove your Critical Thinking and Reflective Skills, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

Moon, J.A. (2006), in Learning Journals: a handbook for reflective practice and professional development, Oxon: Routledge.

Prezi inc. (2018) David Boud – Experiential Learning, [Online], Available: https://prezi.com/s6t4hluas–x/david-boud-experiential-learning/ [09 Aug 2018].

QAA (2001), in Personal Development Planning: guidance for institutional policy an d practice in higher education, Gloucester: The Quality Assurance Agency for Hugher Education.

Rogers, R.R. (2001) ‘Reflection in higher education: A concept analysis’, Innovative higher education, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 37-57.

South, B. (2001) ‘Combining mandala and the Johari Window: An exercise in self-awareness’, Teaching and Learning in Nursing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 8-11.

South University (2013) Why Being social is good for you, 27 Mar, [Online], Available: https://www.southuniversity.edu/whoweare/newsroom/blog/why-being-social-is-good-for-you [08 Aug 2018].

Southampton Solent University (2012) Reflective thinking and writing, [Online], Available: https://learn.solent.ac.uk/mod/book/view.php?id=2732&chapterid=1112 [08 Aug 2018].

The Open University (2018) Learning to teach: becoming a reflective practitioner, [Online], Available: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/learning-teach-becoming-reflective-practitioner/content-section-6.1 [09 Aug 2018].

University of Missouri (2009) Journalism – Strategic Communication, [Online], Available: https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/c.php?g=28374&p=4304702 [10 Aug 2018].

Your Coach (2009) SMART goals, [Online], Available: https://www.yourcoach.be/en/coaching-tools/smart-goal-setting.php [10 Aug 2018].

Zarestky, J. and Cole, C.S. (2017) ‘Strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results: An emerging approach to organization development’, New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 5-19.