Describe about the Report for Emerging Technology of Automatic Cars.
Auto Transmission- 1
Auto Transmission Technology in cars enables the cars to auto tor more specifically self-shifting Transmission. The auto transmission of the gears helps the driver of the car to change the gear without using the clutch or gear (Kahlbau & Bestle, 2013). Basically the technological concept is in these cars is if there is a n-speed Auto-Transmission car where n indicates the number of forward gear ratios, this type of car can change automatically gear ratios according to the movement of the car which gives the freeness to the car driver from shifting the gear manually. This in turn helps reducing the psychological stress of the driver and drive more safely
Some of the key Benefits of Auto Transmission cars are-
These cars are easy to operate as driver does not require to use clutch to set the timing for shifting and adjusting transmission.
These cars operate remarkably well in Traffics.
More Accurate and powerful.
The companies like Ford and Hyundai developed the pre collision technology and the pedestrian detection technology (Kahlbau & Bestle, 2013). These technologies alert the driver when they are not paying attention to the road and there is a probability of collision. This Technology continuously monitors the surrounding of the car and in case of collision it raises the alarm. If after the alarm the driver does not respond to the alarm, the system uses the breaks automatically to stop the car and avoid the collision. It is helpful in even the frontal collision.
This system helps the driver of the car to avoid the objects that are immediately behind the car and can cause harm to the boy of the car (Bellur, 2014). This Rear mounted radar technology automatically scans the objects behind the car and send the images in the camera placed in car. This radar system also alerts the driver of the car in case of traffic too. Most of the cars use hidden LCD in the mirror for Rear Mounted Radar System. It can also help to avoid the collision with the other cars in the parking area (Dooley et al., 2016).
Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication is a wireless technology that alerts the nearby car and helps in reducing the accidents by exchanging the details and position of the car. This technology helps the cars to broadcast the position, speed, break status and other data within the circle of few hundred meters so that the other cars can know their positions and status to alert the sensor systems and the driver of the car (Takai et al., 2014). In the year 2015 Ford introduced this technology in its Automatic cars.
Historical timeline of the different technologies used in the Automatic car
The actual automatic or autonomous vehicle technology was actually developed during 1960s when the space race was in full swing and the researchers were looking for technologies to land an autonomous vehicle on the moon. The first idea to develop a lunar rover vehicle which will be controlled by a remote was first conceptualised by James Adam, who was an engineering student at Stanford University in the year 1961 (Chang, Wang, & Yu, 2011). But the main problem in that idea was how the vehicle will be controlled as there will be a delay of 2.5 seconds in the relay of the commands to the vehicle. This paved way for the development of the world’s first truly self-driven vehicle. This vehicle was called as ‘Cart’, which was fitted with the various cameras and the vehicle was programmed to follow a solid white line on the ground automatically. The automatic vehicles of today are through advanced but they rely on the same camera technology to detect the path. Another major development was achieved in the year 1977 in the field of automatic car technology when the Tsukuba Mechanical of Japan was able to produce the first automatic passenger car vehicle which had the capability to completely recognize the markings on the street and travel automatically at the speed of 20 kilometres per hour. This passenger car also used two cameras that were mounted on the vehicle. In the year 1987, German engineer Ernst Discmans took a bold step in the field of automatic car technology when equipped a sedan car with various cameras and he connected those cameras with about 60 micro-processing modules so that the vehicle is able to identify and detect the objects on the roads both in front and back of the vehicle. The main feature of the technology that was used by Ernst was that the technology that he used provided a dynamic vision to the computer processor and allowed the car to filter the extraneous noise and just focus on the proper and relevant objects on the road. This technology is still used in today’s automatic cars so that the cars identify the potential hazard and is able to do course correction. The technology used by the Ernst was able to drive the sedan automatically up to the speed of 60 kilometres per hour on the road. The major breakthrough in the field of the automatic technology for the cars was achieved in the year 1995 By General Automatics MQ-1. This technology relies on an array of radars to locate objects and see beyond the visual range (Segata & Lo Cigno, 2013). The technology also has thermal imaging technology which enabled the vehicles to be able to drive in the night conditions also. In the year 2015 Tesla achieved a significant success in the automatic technology that allowed to have hands free control on the cars so that are driven in highway and freeway.
Aim/ Objectives:1
The objective of the present study is
To explore the emergence of the advanced autonomous car technology by drawing reference from the historical factors related to the topic taken under consideration.
To evaluate the impact of the social and cultural, economic, political and environmental factors on the autonomous car technology.
Historical issues: The background of the study explains the emergence of the autonomous car technology. The first successful autonomous car was introduced in the market during the 1980 (Geiger et al., 2012). Since that time, several research organizations as well as corporations have worked relentlessly towards the development of the prototype autonomous cars. The advancement in the technologies in the automobile industry has led to the development of the autonomous car technology that can offer greater reliability as well as safety than the cars in earlier period. As per reports, the inattention of the driver can be considered as one of the most important factors that can lead to 25% of the road accidents. The use of the autonomous cars however can increase the level of safety and help in relieving stress by using the automatics. The driver of an autonomous car can pay less attention to different situations related to the road traffic and thereafter identify the signs of an approaching accident. However, from the perspective of safety both the autonomous cars and the manual cars have no decisive benefit over one another. However, the emergence of the autonomous car technology is also free from criticism as it is believed that the refined system of engineering can also not be associated to the level of complexity of the human brain (Ota et al., 2012). Figure 1: Consumer Preference towards the autonomous car technologySource: (Operations Research and Financial Engineering, 2016).Several surveys conducted on the autonomous car technology reveal the fact that the more number of consumers trust driverless automated vehicles. Facts and figures on the matter indicate that more than half of the global population that is around 57% of the consumers worldwide prefer the automated cars (Advisory, Assurance, Tax, Transaction Services, 2016). The above figures indicate the country wise preference towards the driverless cars and want their kids to ride the same. Figure 2: Trend IndicatorsSource: (Operations Research and Financial Engineering, 2016)In addition to this, surveys and researches conducted by UN World Urbanization Prospects, Navigant Research and many others reflects the fact that the introduction of the autonomous vehicles has brought about a paradigm shift to the entire mobility ecosystem. The researchers conducted by different agencies worldwide reveals the fact 95% of the road accidents are primarily caused due to the different human errors. Furthermore, there are several other reasons that have initiated the need and the preference for the Autonomous Car Technology (Inventivio – Innovative Software Products, 2016). Timeline of the driverless shows that the introduction of the automated cars was first introduced in the market during 1939 at the time when General Motors first presented the concept. Thereafter the concept further evolved with emergence with more advanced technologies. The diagram below explains the gradual evolution of the autonomous car technology with time. Figure 3: Timeline of the evolution of the driverless car technologySource: (Inventivio – Innovative Software Products, 2016).
Political
As rightly put forward by Beiker (2012), the political factors affecting the car industry concentrates on the primary rules and regulations, laws, measures of security and at the same time different restrictions that can be implemented to the industry as a whole. The government interventions depend on several situations and encompasses around lowering levels of taxes, rates of interest and the economic devaluation. The government in United States upholds the technological advancements to improve overall economic circumstances. For instance, Ford uses government incentives for supporting environment friendly products as well as sustainability. The developing nations also require political intervention for the development of the infrastructure especially the transportation infrastructure for increasing the demand for these technologically advanced vehicles (Jo et al., 2015). The governing units of United States normally do not prohibit the introduction of the automated vehicles. However, the District of Columbia has enforced laws that adequately address the operations of the autonomous vehicles. Again, the Nevada Legislature passed different laws in order to authorize the process of utilizing the autonomous cars. In accordance to the law, the governing units such as the laid down by the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles is responsible for setting safety and performance standards and the agency is responsible for designating areas where autonomous cars may be tested (Floreano & Wood, 2015).
The economic factors that affect the autonomous car industry include the growth rate of the US economy, high rate of growth of different developing markets and the strengthened value of dollar (Anderson et al., 2014). The economic factors are dissimilar and are associated to different rate of exchange, global economical growth and different business settings that in turn affect the industry.
The high rate of cars manufactured at a particular period of time can lead to an increase in the revenue and development of new and advanced products. The automobile industry in the country faced a surplus of approximately 80% capacity during the year 2004 that again froze to 1.4 billion euro of the automobile sector (Anderson et al., 2014). Again, the prices of the automobile industry have not decreased much owing to the fall in the rate of inflation. A crucial factor that affects the external price elasticity is reliance on oil. In addition to this, the high prices of petrol do not lead to a decrease in demand of automobiles as more number of cars is fuel efficient. The autonomous cars are nowadays more fuel efficient than the older products and offers the consumers an opportunity to save money. Furthermore, the currency alterations have an immense impact on the overall competitiveness as well as supplies of the selected products and services in this increasingly developing global market.
Social and cultural
The social factors that affect the autonomous car industry include the alterations in the culture, tastes and preferences, demographics, pattern of purchasing and capacity among many others. The social factors that affect the autonomous car industry include:
Outlook of the consumer towards the label of the autonomous car
Demographics of the consumers. For instance, a person having a big family can prefer a big and spacious car to suit the entire family (Kritayakirana & Gerdes, 2012).
Changes in the purchasing pattern of the consumers are also affected by the economic recessions. The economic recessions affect the entire market and at the same time affect the purchasing power of the consumers.
The technological factors that are associated to the autonomous car industry include the following:
technology involved in the process of reduction of the emissions of the CO2 and the reduction of the overall speed of the loss of the battery
The autonomous cars that can successfully detect surroundings can make use of the advanced techniques that include the radar, GPS, computer vision, lidar as well as GPS among many others
The autonomous cars that maintain self-control can appropriately interpret different sensory information for the purpose of identification of the navigation paths, barriers as well as applicable signage.
The technological innovations associated to the autonomous cars can lead to improvement of the lives of people in the society. However, the autonomous cars or else the driverless vehicles can affect the entire environment of the society (Geiger et al., 2012). The autonomous cars can be represented as the scene as well as the possible solution to different climate alteration. However, the developed nations were ultimately successful in curbing the rate of carbon emissions and penetrate into an innovative paradigm of eco-friendly path technology.
In case of the autonomous cars, the drivers are compelled to arrive at moral as well as ethical decisions that can influence both the safety of their own and that of the others. The drivers also need to operate faster than the speed limit to remain consistent with the traffic flow. The practical factors and moral elements in the process of decision making make use of combination of different sensors as well as pre-programmed judgment in order to evaluate and at the same time react to diverse situations. The different situations include sharing paths with different other cars or vehicles, pedestrians and many others. Therefore, drivers in the autonomous cars can take into consideration the concerns among different technologists as well as ethicists (Beiker, 2012).
Conclusion and Recommendation
In conclusion it can be said that the autonomous car industry is immensely affected by different components of the environment that include the political, social and cultural, economic, technological as well as environmental. At the beginning, the present study elucidates in detail the background or else the historical issues associated to the emergence of the autonomous cars in the market. Consequently, the present study illustrates different factors of the environment that exerts immense impact on the overall industry of autonomous cars. Different facets of the business environment therefore help in understanding that the autonomous car industry can help in creation of revolution of the transportation industry both economically as well as culturally.
Introduction
This study deals with ethical considerations of Autonomous Car Technology. In this particular assignment, focus is mainly given on selected technology and relating it with humanity attributes. Differences between two theories of ethics are explained named as Deontology and Teleology.
Analysis on impact of technology on humanity
Autonomous Car Technology represents major innovation in the automotive industry but uptakes penetration strategy from the point of view of humanity actions. Autonomous vehicles are under active development as well as viable options in transport sector (Vitell & Hunt, 2015). This mainly offers potential ways for improving in the safety, efficiency as well as sustainability in road traffic. Humans will be able to experience significant benefits from reduced risk of accidents and delays at the same time. Autonomous vehicles cars drive little or no human input.
Distinction between two ethical approaches on Deontology and Teleology
|
Deontology |
Teleology |
|
Deontology is one of the approaches to ethics that mainly adheres towards theory implications. |
Teleology is an approach to ethics that mainly adheres towards theory at the end and justifies at the same time. |
|
It is also known as duty-based ethics |
It is also known as result-oriented ethics |
|
This particular approach teaches to be fair as not to use others for some of the selfish reasons |
This particular approach teaches about doing whatever actions for result production agreeable to specific person |
|
This approach mainly follows what is morally right as based upon values instilled in each person |
This approach examines past experiences for predicting the present actions |
Conclusion
At the end of the study, it is concluded that Autonomous Car Technology should act in ethical ways for achieving future business prospective in smoother ways. The main differences between both the theories include past experiences in case of Teleology and duty-oriented ethics in case of Deontology
References
Daniels, J. (2001). Modern car technology: Jeff Daniels looks under the skin of today’s cars. Spark ford, UK: Haynes.
On a section of the report, I would be searching for the modern car technology. Daniels book explores the modern car technology. It tends to set out the guides to the non-technical readers on the systems on the current car work. It also provides the answers that may arise towards the current car. The book will be essential especially when providing the summary and conclusion of the report.
Hosansky, D., & CQ Press. (2014). Future of cars: Are Americans ready for self-driving vehicles?
The book explores the concept of the science fiction Cars that drive themselves could be the reality on the showrooms for the next years to come. According to the authors David and CQ Press, they elaborate that the researchers and the automakers across the globe are testing and also refining on the technologies which will allow the cars to communicate with other vehicles. The book is essential to the research since I will use it to show the radical changes in the automobile industries. The literature review would be enriched with the content from the work of these authors.
Mom, Gijs. 2014. The evolution of automotive technology: a handbook. https://digitallibrary.sae.org/content/r-435.
On this book, it explores in the century of the automobile that is conceived as the cultural history of the technology. The approach of the book is to explore the car technology in the long term perspective more so on the evolution of the automotive technology. The book would be helpful to the research on the review of the literature since it elaborates on the cultural history changes of the motor vehicle technology and the innovation to now on the driverless cars.
Naughton, K. (2016). Nearly 75% of U.S. Drivers Say They’d Let a Robot Take the Wheel. Claims Journal. Retrieved 8 July 2016, from https://www.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2016/07/01/271926.htm
On my report, I will be researching on the emergence of the technology of automatic cars. On the Naughton article, nearly 75% of the US drivers would let the Robot take the wheel. The journal also explores that majority of those drivers are keen to replace the daily commutes drudgery. The article also examines that the companies that provide the forensic engineering of the automotive practices like rti. This company has the cutting edge technology to produce automatic cars. The journal also stipulated that the driverless cars would hit the market by the year 2020, of which was according to the Alixpartners. The journal would be important for the research since it would provide the technology advancement of the automatic cars.
Self-Driving Cars to Create Long-Term Challenges for Auto Insurers: Moody’s. (2016). Insurance Journal. Retrieved 8 July 2016, from https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2016/03/29/403341.
On this journal, it explores the self-care challenges of the auto insurers. According to Moody’s, many causes of the motor accidence avoidance features are on the vehicles. These features would lead to the lower accident, and it would be a benefit to the insurers. The article would be helpful to the research since would be able to know the various benefits of the insurers and the challenges that may be posed to them.
Daniels, J. (2001). Modern car technology: Jeff Daniels looks under the skin of today’s cars. Spark ford, UK: Haynes.
Hosansky, D., & CQ Press. (2014). Future of cars: Are Americans ready for self-driving vehicles?
Mom, Gijs. 2014. The evolution of automotive technology: a handbook. https://digitallibrary.sae.org/content/r-435.
Naughton, K. (2016). Nearly 75% of U.S. Drivers Say They’d Let a Robot Take the Wheel. Claims Journal. Retrieved 8 July 2016, from https://www.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2016/07/01/271926.htm
Self-Driving Cars to Create Long Term Challenges for Auto Insurers: Moody’s. (2016). Insurance Journal. Retrieved 8 July 2016, from https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2016/03/29/403341.htm
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