Research Proposal And Social Equity Theory

Aim and Motivation of the Project

Discuss about the Research and Proposal  and Social Equity Theory.

Employment generates a relationship between the employee and the employer, which works in favour of both the parties. It helps in achieving their objectives by helping each other. An employee’s productivity at work helps in achieving the aims and objectives of the firm. An employee’s occupation status could be either full time or part time. A full time employee is more dependable by the organization, that a part time employee. Hence, the employee status for an organization matters the most. A part time employee, sometimes lacks the eagerness to perform well for the firm, as they are employed only for limited time span (Deakin and Morris 2012).

Earlier cases of many employment schemes prove that part time employees, tend to degrade the productivity status of the company. This proposal aims at framing the employment status of the employees and analysing their contribution to the growth of the company.

One of the biggest worries in today’s world is the combination of the workforce consists mostly of temporary workers. This has resulted in adverse effects on the productivity of the companies. As the work environment has been dependant on various other factors, hence, the effect of temporary employment in an organization has not been successful in measuring its impact on productivity clearly (Burke 2013).

During some earlier decades, there has been a considerable rise in the short term employment opportunities in various companies (Siegrist and Wahrendorf 2016). There has been an attraction towards the short term employers, which results in negative impact to the productivity of the organization. There are negativities like injustice, isolation, absence of permanency at work, ending of contracts when the work is in progress.  The firm employs short term employees in order to adjust the cost of seasonality with the intention of reducing extra employee benefit costs associated with each employee. They overlook the negative impac5s that is associated with the employment scheme.

• Analysing the effects of employee’s occupation status with regards to the productivity of an organization is an important approach.
• To provide an access to the company to analyse the sluggish productivity rate, for which one of the major factors is the short term employment policy generated by many companies.
• The objective of this research is to analyse these companies and calculate its effects with regard to the short term employment as well as other associated effects.

The research question with regard to this proposal is that :

• “Does employee’s occupation status for the organization impact Productivity”
• “Does short term employment schemes results in loss for a company”
• “How is occupation term and status lay a negative impact on the economical structure of a firm”

There are various academic evidences that provide a clear view of this research proposal topic. The studies in relation to the aspect are as follows :

Social exchange theory

Social exchange theory is a psychological viewpoint, that helps in analysing change in social stability and in the methods of negotiation between the two parties. According to this theory, it can be said that human forms bonds between the two depending upon the cost effective framework that is framed (Payne 2014). The choices framed by an individual depends upon their cost benefit analysis, with the assumptions found in rational choice theory and structuralism.

• According to Homans, there is a system of proposition, success , stimulus and deprivation-satiation proposition in relation to the social exchange theory.
• Blau felt that if the individuals would emphasize themselves more towards the psychological aspects of life, they would be away from the developing aspects of the theory. He emphasized more on economic explanations regarding this theory (Prochaska 2013).
• Richard Emerson, another researcher, said that social exchange is a framework rather than being a theory. It is responsible to compare the framework with structural functionalism.

Background of the Research

Work stress model :

As per McMichael (2016), Work stress model helps in analysing the economic and human consequences related to the increase in stressful job characteristics , and how these cases can get implicated in various stress related psychological and physical problems.  This model states that short tem employment for an employee does not help the workers, rather it raises the stress of the workers. The short term employees are treated by their owners as an outsider and they do nit get the benefits that the normal full time employees get (Carraher, Carraher and Millage 2013). This creates a fall  in the performance of the workers, as they feel inferior to the other full time workers. Their co-workers and managers feel uncomfortable in mingling with the, as to why any ad must be provided tp someone who is an outsider. The effect of these short term employee’s fall in productivity affects the smooth functioning of the company.

Equity Theory :

As stated by McKown (2013 ),Equity theory focuses on measuring the distribution of resources  between the individuals of an association.  It measures the distributions of cost and benefits within a firm. Equity theory measures the level of fairness that is prevailing in an industry. It depends on the ratio of inputs to outputs. With the help of this model, the difference in salaries in the productivity of a worker could be seen. Short term employments generate quite low salaries, that the long term employees. This creates a feeling of dissatisfaction among the people . This theory shows that the probability of leaving the work, creeps within the employees, with regard to the unfair attributes prevailing in the company (Smelser 2013). This creates a sense of dissatisfaction and uncomfortable atmosphere of working in the firm. Hence, there is a huge fall in the productivity of these workers, that effects the productivity of the firm in return.

While analysisng various  theories and research done on the productivity report analysed by various researchers, we have come up to the conclusion that productiviry analysis regarding the short term employment opportunities of the workers have not been conducted accurately. Each research has been conducted by eliminating one one of the variables. Work stress model does not consider the variable of equity among the workers, the social equity model overlooked the concept of  work stress model and equity model too overlooked the concept of work strees. Therefore, these theories and analysis have not been too helpful in achieving an ideal situation in order to measure the drawbacks towards the productivity of the company. In tgis research, one of the main objectives is to analyse all the situations of work stress, social, and equal factors that influence the outcomes of the firm.

Objective of the study

In order to analyse the causes and effects of short term employments, the researcher needs to get a brief view of the factors affecting the situation of short term employments. The researcher needs to include positivism philosophy in order to include  different subjects, that are connected and related to the research topic. Research that are based on positivism approach helps in providing the research with huge scope of exploring the various factors with regard to data collection and interpretation of the data through observation. Positive philosophy also uses deductive approach , that are based on existing theories made earlier with regard to the topic (Martin 2013).

The research process is a deductive approach , as it is based n the existing theories mentioned in the literature review. The research process is used to check its possibility with regards to the provided data (Ganster and Rosen 2013). This approach helps the people in examining the hypothesis based on the theories that has been framed earlier. It would help the owners of the firm and the workers to get a view of how employment status affects the productivity of the firm.

The techniques that would be formulated in this research proposal would be both qualitative and quantitative in nature. Data of ten years would be derived from the people working in the firm, thereby formulating thereby occupation status. Another approach would be done by sending a questionnaire to each of the employees, that would help in analysing the current situation of these workers (Brynjolfsson and McAfee  2012). Analysing those results with the help of various software applications, we can analyse the effect of occupation status on the firm chosen.

The project plan is described in a Gantt chart, which helps in accessing the various aspects of the research study (Mohammad et al. 2016.). The work has been implemented in a span of 7 weeks. In each week, the research study moves a step closer to its respective study, and in attaining the objectives.

Principal Activities	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5	Week 6	Week 7
Research topic selection & scope analysis
Identification of the sources for secondary data
Literature Review
Description of Research Methodology
Preparation of survey questions
Collection of primary data
Data analysis
Comparison of findings
Conclusion and recommendation
Final submission

Table: Time horizon for research

Source: As created by author

There are various methods of data collection associated with the research paper. The secondary data regarding the occupation status of the various employee of the company, can be derived from the labour records of the referred company. The second part of data collection could be done with the help of questionnaire being provided to all the workers of the company as mentioned in the appendix (Nathan  and Gorman 2015). These question would focus at the occupation status, salary scale, time of their working period, and their challenges faced in the workplace. These questions would help in analysing their problems and would let us analyse the recommended measures that could be performed. The financial performance of the company needs to be dried in order to measure its productivity. This can be done from the company’s website itself. Many companies provide their information regarding the finance revenue status, openly (Ledbetter, STASSEN?FERRARA and Dowd 2013).

Theoretical Review

The quantitative analysis method, would be the use of mathematical and statistical tools and techniques. Their financial performance can be derived on the growth rate of the company , depending upon whether the company has raised its productivity or not. This can be analysed by focussing on the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow of the firm. As stated by Saunders and Lewis  (2014), Qualitative analysis on the other hand would be done by attaining the questionnaire from various workers of the them, thereby running it on SPSS, that would produce their productivity report.

In this research method, data are collected both primarily and secondarily. The researcher has focussed the study on collection of two types of data , so that the objectives of the research is met. The researcher’s main focus is identifying  the correlation between the productivity of the company and the employees’ occupation status. It is important to collect the relevant data from the workers, so that the results obtained from them could be easily interpreted (Warner et al. 2015).

The raw data for the financial review o the company would be analysed from its website, that would help in analysing the company’s revenue, cash flows, assets and liabilities. The data would be available in the annual financial report of the companies. Statistical analysis would be done in order to assess the correlation between the dependent and independent variable. Correlation would help in achieving the discretion between the outcome and the employee status of the company(Shi et al.  2013). After the calculation of the data, a correlation matrix would be formed, that would analyse the outcomes of the research done.

The expected outcome of this research paper would help in achieving an analysis of the relation between the occupation status of an employee and the productivity of the referred company. The researcher will achieve a report depending upon the financial status of the company and the status of the workers employed in the company . With the use of statistical correlation, the research work would get an overview of the pattern in which these two variable are correlated to each other (Oreopoulos, Von Wachter and Heisz 2012.).

Due to the shortage of time, the researcher might be facing some challenges in implementing the work in the given work time, yet the research work would be successful in aiming at the negative impacts that are caused by the short term employment statuses of the worker in a company (Sageer, Rafat  and Agarwal 2012). The present study however aims at exposing the wrong notion held by the owners with regard to their employment schemes. It would help in attaining a vivid description as to how with the short term employment plans, the economic structure of the firm deteriorates with low productivity.

Research Gap

The research would help in providing with the informations of how a firm is dependant upon the functions of the employees. An employee’s producyivity is related to various factors such as work place, relation with the people, skills, accuracy, and the most important is the occupational status of the employee. The status of an employee can be both part time and ful time. Nowadays , firms employ people as part time employees, in order to reduce theuir ciost of production. This research would provide with the evidence of how this statement is based on a false belief. The productivity of the firm faces hindrance by employing many [art time employees as they tend to get detatched from the work and consider themselves underpriviledged . This creates a sense of insecurity and lack of eagerness to work in the company. The data that would be achieved by conducting the analysis would provide a clear view of how the productivity of a firm is determined on its employees occupational status.

Conclusion

the aim of this research proposal is to attain the permission of performing a research work based on teh measurements of productivity of a firm, which is dpendant on the occupational status of its employees. it would provide an efficient framework in determining how the people working in the company would help in providing a better economic structure. the direct and indirect factors affecting the quality of work of the employees are supposed to be analysed in this research that would provide us with a clear idea regarding the productivity factors of both the workers and the firm.

References

Brynjolfsson, E. and McAfee, A., 2012. Race against the machine: How the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy. Brynjolfsson and McAfee.

Burke, W.W., 2013. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications.

Carraher, S.M., Carraher, S.C. and Millage, P., 2013. Pay Satisfaction of Small to Medium sized Enterprise (SME) Owners in Scandinavia and the Baltics: An Examination of Jaques’ Equity Construct and Lawler’s Discrepancy Measure. International Journal of Global Management Studies Professional, 5(1).

Deakin, S.F. and Morris, G.S., 2012. Labour law. Hart publishing.

Ganster, D.C. and Rosen, C.C., 2013. Work stress and employee health A multidisciplinary review. Journal of Management, p.0149206313475815.

Ledbetter, A.M., STASSEN?FERRARA, H.M. and Dowd, M.M., 2013. Comparing equity and self?expansion theory approaches to relational maintenance. Personal Relationships, 20(1), pp.38-51.

Martin, R., 2013. Rethinking the decision factory. Harvard Business Review,91, pp.96-104.

McKown, C., 2013. Social Equity Theory and Racial?Ethnic Achievement Gaps. Child development, 84(4), pp.1120-1136.

McMichael, P., 2016. Development and social change: A global perspective. Sage Publications.

Mohammad, I., van den Broek, H., Boots, M.L. and Wong, R., Oracle International Corporation, 2016. Showing relationships between tasks in a Gantt chart. U.S. Patent 9,336,502.

Nathan, P.E. and Gorman, J.M. eds., 2015. A guide to treatments that work. Oxford University Press.

Oreopoulos, P., Von Wachter, T. and Heisz, A., 2012. The short-and long-term career effects of graduating in a recession. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 4(1), pp.1-29.

Payne, M., 2014. Modern social work theory. Palgrave Macmillan.

Prochaska, J.O., 2013. Transtheoretical model of behavior change. InEncyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 1997-2000). Springer New York.

Sageer, A., Rafat, S. and Agarwal, P., 2012. Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization. IOSR Journal of business and management, 5(1), pp.32-39.

Saunders, M.N. and Lewis, P., 2014. Doing research in business and management: An essential guide to planning your project. Pearson Higher Ed.

Shi, Y., Sears, L.E., Coberley, C.R. and Pope, J.E., 2013. Classification of individual well-being scores for the determination of adverse health and productivity outcomes in employee populations. Population health management, 16(2), pp.90-98.

Siegrist, J. and Wahrendorf, M. eds., 2016. Work stress and health in a globalized economy: The model of effort-reward imbalance. Springer.

Smelser, N.J., 2013. Social change in the industrial revolution: An application of theory to the British cotton industry. Routledge.

Warner, A.W., Forstater, M., Rosen, S. and Heilbroner, R., 2015.Commitment to Full Employment: Macroeconomics and Social Policy in Memory of William S. Vickrey. Routledge.