Risk assessment is the process that allows the firm to identify the hazard as well as the risk factor within the firm. In this risk management allow the firm to perform the risk assessment and provide an effective solution to deal with the risk that is associated with the firm. For performing the risk assessment the organization Singapore Airline is being selected. The primary purpose of the paper is to identify hazard within the organization and perform an effective risk assessment for the firm to maintain their working function and provide the most suitable workplace for the staff members.
Singapore Airline limited is the flag carrier airline of the country and this was founded in the year 1947 as the Malayan airways but it commenced operations from the year 1972. They are considered to be the world best airline as they have achieved the top position in providing best first class and first class seat and also best airline in Asia (Limited, 2018). The fleet size of the firm is 122 and the destination it covers is almost 64 destinations. The organization is having almost 14729 employees in the recent years and their revenue is around 11583 million Singapore dollar.
Hazard or the threat is the process that potentially harms the company and its working function. Hazard can effectively lead to injury and harm to the organization and also the workforce within the firm. The most common hazard that could be found in almost every airline industry is the pilot fatigue then electromagnetic interference and noise (Annual report of Singapore Airline, 2018). These are some of the hazard or threat that has been identified within the organization of Singapore Airlines. This is the hazard that needs to be maintained within the field to perform their working function effectively in the aviation industry.
Each of the members of WSHAC provides the effective view that the implementation of the safety management system in the aviation sector is highly essential for the firm to maintain their safety position within the market. It can be seen that an effective safety management system in the aviation industry provides effective result in the field where reduction of the incident or the accident took place then also it helps in reducing the direct as well as the indirect cost associated with the hazard of the firm (Wong, & Brooks, 2015). The best way to maintain health and risk assessment approach within the aviation industry is by maintaining the continuity of the status Quo. This is highly effective for maintaining the checklist and the performance of the pilot as well as the working function within the field. This system of implementation of health and risk assessment within the organization allows the WSHAC to encourage the workplace in reducing risk within the field (Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations, 2018). Being the health and safety officer the most important and the vital fact is to maintain the information sharing with the workforce and regarding the materials.
Another way for the implementation of health and risk assessment within the workplace can be identified as the increased rate of inspection in the aviation industry. It could be viewed that inspection is the most effective and vital working function of WSHAC to maintain the hazard that is associated with the organization. Inspection allows monitoring of the internal as well as the external factor that is associated with the organizational hazard (Connelly, Colosi, Clarens, & Lambert, 2015). Increasing the monitoring and controlling system is highly effective for maintaining the pilot fatigue and also for the pilot regarding intoxicated in the field. It is highly effective for the field to maintain their activity within the field and provide them valuable working function regarding various value in the field. Another way that could be utilized for the implementation of health and risk assessment within the aviation industry is the voluntary implementation. It is quite similar to compared to that with the inspection (Waclawski, & Noone, 2017). In the voluntary implementation, the members of WSHAC need to support the pilot to enhance their self-confidence and also to improve the working function in the aviation industry. For the health and safety officer, it is essential to monitor the health condition of the pilot before they take off with the flights.
Another way for the implementation of health and risk assessment within the aviation industry is the mandatory or the compulsory activity. It allows the airline sector to make their health and risk assessment compulsory for the people and also this allows them to monitor the entire function of the pilot and the other people associated within the field in the most effective and valuable way (Hudson, 2017). Hazard within the airline industry of Singapore needs to maintain the compulsory implementation process where the report will be provided every 3 years to maintain the health condition of the pilot. In this process also the pilot and the crew members need to perform their health monitor for providing the valuable and effective working function within the field. It can be seen that the entire process needs to be performed for maintaining the health condition of the workforce within the aviation industry of Singapore (De Ree et al., 2014). It can be seen that the fatigue risk management system within the organization is one of the best and the effective process to deal with the working function, especially with the pilot. The enhancement of safety and healthy working function regarding the pilot is necessary for the aviation industry and for that Singapore Airlines Limited effectively maintain the assessment in a mandatory way within the business.
There are numerous factors which directly influence the application of the risk assessment approach within the organization. Some of the approaches are;
Cost: The cost of utilizing the risk assessment approach needs to be considered. This also defines the time that has been spent for gathering the information as well as making the suitable estimates from them contribute the cost in term of using the approach (Tan, Koo, Duval, & Forsyth, 2017). For example; the financial estimation of the security information is quite difficult to quantify financially.
Organizational structure: It can be seen that the modern along with the adaptive organization requires the fast as well as the inexpensive approaches. Singapore Airline for their risk assessment approach needs to utilize the most time-saving process for delivering the fast and the quality service to the customers.
Level of risk: It is one of the most effective factors that influence the application of the risk assessment approach (Ringham, & Miles, 2018). It can be seen that the high-risk organization generally required the rigorous method as compared to the low-risk organization.
Adaptability: It is the process where the methods or the approaches need to be adopted according to the need of the organization. In this, it is essential for the approach to implement the existing WSHAC policies within the organization. It can be also seen that the approach needs to provide the various combination of safeguard for maintaining the hazard within the organization.
Complexity: It is essential that the complexity of the approach needs to be limited for both the managers as well as the security analyst (Taeihagh, & Lim, 2018). The organization needs to follow the simple as well as precise recommendations that will help the managers to understand the need of the staff members within the firm and also the suitable way to deal with the identified risk in the aviation industry.
Completeness: This is also an essential factor which provides the view that the risk assessment approach should consider all the aspect of the security within the organization (Matulevi?ius, Norta, Udokwu, & Nõukas, 2017). Effective approach or methods need to be utilized by the firm for providing completeness for the organizational risk assessment approach.
Organizational Security philosophy: It can be seen that various organization emphasize different security information that reflects the particular philosophy of the organization. In the case of Singapore Airline, it can be seen that they rank integrity or honesty above confidentiality within the working function of the firm.
Consistency: This factor primarily involves with the reliability of the result and for that, it helps to achieve the consistency with the risk assessment approach in the firm (Scheraga, & Gritta, 2016). It is the factor where health and safety officer needs to maintain the consistency regarding the monitoring process and all other activity within the field for the development of business within the market.
Feasibility: It is also an important factor which provides the view that the method needs to be feasible according to the availability than the practice as well as the scope of the business process (Choi, Chan, & Yue, 2017). The compatibility of the risk assessment along with the system development process highly affect the practicality of the approach within the organization.
The risk assessment within the firm effectively utilizes the two variable risk matrix or the 5X5 risk matrix. In this, the two variables are the likelihood as well as the consequences of the identified hazard within the organization. In this, the likelihood is the probability that shows something is going to happen and the consequence primarily defines the most probable outcome for the potential incidents. Assessment regarding the likelihood and the consequences provides effective and most suitable working function for the development of valuable understanding regarding the organizational hazard. This method effectively helps the organization and the risk assessment analyst to understand the impact of a hazard on the firm and also on the people associated with the company. It clearly provides a valuable and effective view of the risk that has been associated within the field. Two variable matrix is applicable for the various type of hazard within the organization and this effectively allows the managers to provide a suitable recommendation for the improvement of the business process and the organizational activity. This is highly effective for the development of valuable working function within the market and also deliver numerous activity within the field.
|
Severity |
||||||
|
Insignificant 1 No injury/minimal financial loss |
Minor 2 First aid injury/medium financial loss |
Moderate 3 Medical treatment/high financial loss |
Major 4 Hospitalized/large financial loss |
Catastrophic 5 Death/massive financial loss |
||
|
Likelihood |
Almost certain 5 (frequently) |
Moderate 5 |
High 10 |
High 15 |
Catastrophic 20 |
Catastrophic 25 |
|
Likely 4 Easily happen/once in a month |
Moderate 4 |
Moderate 8 |
High 12 |
Catastrophic 16 |
Catastrophic 20 |
|
|
Possible 3 Could happen/once in a year |
Low 3 |
Moderate 6 |
Moderate 9 |
High 12 |
High 15 |
|
|
Unlikely 2 Not happened yet/once in 10 years |
Low 2 |
Moderate 4 |
Moderate 6 |
Moderate 8 |
High 10 |
|
|
Rare 1 Occur only in extreme circumstances/once in 100 years |
Low 1 |
Low 2 |
Low 3 |
Moderate 4 |
Moderate 5 |
Figure: 5×5 risk matrix
The matrix clearly shows the consequences and the likelihood of pilot fatigue hazard within Singapore Airlines. This effectively shows the fact that if the hazard occurs frequently then it might lead to massive consequences within the organization. In the aviation industry, the frequent occurrence of pilot fatigue might lead to air-crash and another disaster (Haji, 2016). This is one of the biggest factors in the aviation industry and this needs to be effectively controlled by the help of suitable health and safety risk assessment (Chang et al., 2015). To maintain the consequences and the likelihood in term of pilot fatigue it is essential for the employees along with the management to conduct the risk assessment on regular basis under the regulation 3(1) of WSH. It can be effectively viewed that if effective monitoring process utilized within the organization for the pilot will help to reduce the likelihood to “rare” and for that, the severity of the consequence can be controlled effectively.
Electromagnetic interference is the rare case that took place within the aviation industry because it is the strict instruction provided to the passengers and the crew members for not to use an electronic device while take-off or landing of the aircraft (Kuo et al., 2016). But still, there are some of the likelihood that took place due to lack of concentration and maintenance within the aviation industry. It is one of the most effective hazards within the organization that might lead to death or massive financial loss for the firm. This could be eventually maintained with the help of monitoring the working function and the development process within the field (Grote, 2015). It could be seen that proper guidance to the passengers can reduce the chances of electromagnetic interference. In the aviation industry proper record of the risk assessment has been utilized to maintain the hazard that has been faced by the industry.
Noise is the most common hazard for the aviation industry because during the take-off and landing there is huge and massive noise created by the aircraft. Though the noise hazard took place frequently it is insignificant and causes the moderate issue to the passengers and the crew members. The protection needs to be provided to the passengers for their health and safety issue according to the regulation of WSH (Ayra, Insua, Castellanos, & Larbi, 2015). It can be seen that maintaining the noise hazard is done by providing headphone, or cotton, or something that could be utilized to cover the ear. This eventually reduces the impact of noise on the passenger ear which did not create a huge risk within the firm. In the aviation industry, this is highly effective for the firm to maintain the safety within the aircraft as the primary hazard is associated with the aircraft only (Asgary, Ansari, Duncan, & Pradhan, 2015). Proper monitoring and report allow the firm to understand the risk assessment need for their noise hazard within the industry. If the decibel of noise exceeds then it might create huge disturbance and problem for the staff members as well as the passengers and for that proper monitoring of the aircraft is essential.
|
Hazard identification |
Risk evaluation |
Risk Control |
||||||||
|
Work activity |
Hazard |
Possible injury |
Risk control |
S |
L |
RPN |
Additional control |
S |
L |
RPN |
|
To control the aircraft during flight |
Pilot Fatigue |
Airplane crash, death |
Maintain a health check-up for the pilot after every 3 years |
3 |
3 |
9 |
The monitoring process of the pilot needs to be improved almost for every year |
2 |
2 |
4 |
|
Create disturbance at the time of landing and take of the flight |
Electromagnetic interference |
Aircraft crash and death of people |
Proper monitoring of the passengers and providing them the mandatory instruction to keep their electronic items switch off. Keep the runway free from any electromagnetic activity. |
2 |
2 |
4 |
Check the passenger personally by the cabin crew and the air hostess. Keep the runway highly secured and monitored. |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
Take-off and landing of aircraft |
Noise |
Moderate issue |
Provide headphone and other medium to cover the ear |
3 |
1 |
3 |
Monitor the protection and the health system availability on the aircraft. |
2 |
1 |
2 |
Conclusion:
It can be eventually concluded from the paper that the risk assessment approach is the vital and the crucial aspect for the firm to maintain their working function and their safety within the workplace. It can be also concluded that in the aviation industry not only the staff members but also the passenger’s life is at risk and for that, it required an effective health and safety management system. This could be achieved with the help of proper risk assessment within the firm and understanding the impact of the risk on the workplace and also on the passengers of Singapore Airlines.
References:
Annual report of Singapore Airline, (2018). Singaporeair.com. Retrieved 23 September 2018, from https://www.singaporeair.com/saar5/pdf/Investor-Relations/Annual-Report/sustainabilityreport1617.pdf
Asgary, A., Ansari, S., Duncan, R., & Pradhan, S. (2015). Mapping potential airplane hazards and risks using airline traffic data. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 13, 276-280.
Ayra, E. S., Insua, D. R., Castellanos, M. E., & Larbi, L. (2015). Risk analysis for unintentional slide deployment during airline operations. Risk analysis, 35(9), 1652-1662.
Chang, D. S., Chen, S. H., Hsu, C. W., & Hu, A. H. (2015). Identifying the strategic factors of the implantation of CSR in the airline industry: The case of Asia-Pacific airlines. Sustainability, 7(6), 7762-7783.
Choi, T. M., Chan, H. K., & Yue, X. (2017). Recent development in big data analytics for business operations and risk management. IEEE transactions on cybernetics, 47(1), 81-92.
Connelly, E. B., Colosi, L. M., Clarens, A. F., & Lambert, J. H. (2015). Risk analysis of the biofuels industry for aviation with scenario?based expert elicitation. Systems Engineering, 18(2), 178-191.
De Ree, H., van den Berg, M., Brand, T., Mulder, G. J., Simons, R., van Zanten, B. V., & Westerink, R. H. (2014). Health risk assessment of exposure to TriCresyl Phosphates (TCPs) in aircraft: a commentary. Neurotoxicology, 45, 209-215.
Grote, G. (2015). Promoting safety by increasing uncertainty–Implications for risk management. Safety science, 71, 71-79.
Haji, J. (2016). Airline business continuity and IT disaster recovery sites. Journal of business continuity & emergency planning, 9(3), 228-238.
Hudson, P. T. (2017, November). Safety culture and human error in the aviation industry: In search of perfection. In Aviation Resource Management: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium: v. 1 (pp. 19-31). Routledge.
Kuo, T. C., Kremer, G. E. O., Phuong, N. T., & Hsu, C. W. (2016). Motivations and barriers to corporate social responsibility reporting: Evidence from the airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 57, 184-195.
Limited, S. (2018). Singapore Airlines Official Website | Book International Flight Tickets. Singaporeair.com. Retrieved 23 September 2018, from https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/in/home
Matulevi?ius, R., Norta, A., Udokwu, C., & Nõukas, R. (2017). Assessment of Aviation Security Risk Management for Airline Turnaround Processes. In Transactions on Large-Scale Data and Knowledge-Centered Systems XXXVI (pp. 109-141). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Ringham, K., & Miles, S. (2018). The boundary of corporate social responsibility reporting: the case of the airline industry. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-20.
Scheraga, C., & Gritta, R. D. (2016, September). An Assessment and Measurement of Risks in the International Airline Industry: A Study of the ICAO Carriers Over the Period, 1990-2013. In Journal of the Transportation Research Forum(Vol. 55, No. 3).
Taeihagh, A., & Lim, H. S. M. (2018). Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety, liability, privacy, cybersecurity, and industry risks. Transport Reviews, 1-26.
Tan, D. T., Koo, T. T., Duval, D. T., & Forsyth, P. J. (2017). A method for reducing information asymmetry in the destination–airline relationships. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(8), 825-838.
Waclawski, E., & Noone, P. (2017). Are aviation industry fatigue risk management strategies needed in health care?. Anaesthesia, 72(11), 1417-1419.
Wong, S., & Brooks, N. (2015). Evolving risk-based security: A review of current issues and emerging trends impacting security screening in the aviation industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 48, 60-64.
Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations – Singapore Statutes Online. (2018). Sso.agc.gov.sg. Retrieved 23 September 2018, from https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/WSHA1920-RG8
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