Discuss about the Seven Reasons for IT Projects Fail?
The aim of this paper is to uphold the current system of the institution, which is a manual procedure of chronicling logout and login time, deliberate over its disadvantages and analyze the requirement for introducing an automatic swipe card practice in the office in order to eradicate the origins of misperception and misconducts. The brand new swipe card system aims to eliminate the error prone human-centric procedure and guarantee the precision of stored data so that the workers do not misunderstand the intents of the higher administration. The automatic swipe card scheme intends to initiate transparency in the practice and inspire the employees to show discipline in their behavior and exhibit professionalism. The paper gives attention to the discussion around comprehending the ambiguities in the manual system, upholding the pros of the automated swipe card system, outlining objectives of the venture and displaying the related risk factors.
The purpose of the venture is to put together a scheme for TargMart which will substitute the already present error prone, manual practice of confirming the employee’s login and logout instances for the day. It wants to not only mechanize the entire procedure and in turn making it more efficient and precise, but also compelling it to get rid of all the ambiguities involved in the current system. This is an essential change due to the fact that more than twice of the full-time workers are part-time and they arrive and depart at altered times throughout the course of a day, so a precise and accurate mechanism is required to be installed to keep an account of their chargeable hours.
Tagamet, a mid-market trader dealing with attired and house merchandise from Victoria has a deeply concentrated occurrence in the area with limited spread across the country. It mainly serves the middle class populace of Australia. The company also has a website on which workers of the company can pursue if they register needs a substitute.
All the workers are required to manually log out and log in on a piece of paper document and this information is later entered in the computerized systems. This procedure claims to do the same thing again and again and also it is susceptible to errors.
The existing system has many gaps such as because of manual process there is a chance of one worker making false attendance claims for some other worker.
The current system has a predilection for many errors and there are often complaints from the staff about incorrect entries stored in the computer.
Staff misinterpretation: The aim is to precisely record the working or chargeable hours of the recruits in order to make sure that the reasonable amount of pay is given to them to evade any kind of circumstance that can cause confusion and grievances between the workers and the administrators.
Expansion: The existing system requests to get respite from all the gaps and chances of making mistakes in order to shape an error free scheme in place which will be able to withstand the additional expansion, otherwise the existing practice will bring down the association if they ever make a move for expansion.
Automation: The current system requires a mechanisation to decrease the superfluous double work which is due to the occurrence of a manual processes in order to keep a record of all seventeen hundred recruits.
The scope of the project includes introducing an automatic system in TargMart in order to electronically keep a track of the login and logout time of all the recruits making sure that they are precise and authentic. An electronic swipe card will be given which would be connected t the central system in order to keep a track of the login and logout time of workers so that their aggregate working time can be electronically calculated. It will also cite causes for the breaks. The automatic system would be able to dodge any unauthorised entry in the office and would also be able to check the activities which are uncommon such as intervals at short timespans, absence, or long duration breaks. The scope also accounts for the development of the electronic system as per the allowed budget, and time span allowed to finish this. The software interfaces would also be developed in keeping with the project plans and budget.
Following are not included in the development of the project:
Making a budget for the project and look after the marketing.
Buying the system of swipe cards.
Carry on constant negotiation with vendors.
Make the payments to the vendors.
Possible areas of scope creep include:
Proposed designs of the swipe systems.
Tender opening and closing.
The system will adhere by the principles of smooth methodology. In this process, a specific component is created within two to four days. The customer is involved throughout the installation process of the system. And the feedback is taken note of wherever and whenever is needed.
Following are the milestones and corresponding deliverable of the projects:
Project Milestone |
Deliverable |
Approval from CEO on project objectives |
The project aims, which uphold the outline of the swipe system and its advantages, has to get sanctioned by the administration to introduce it. |
Get approval for project plan & WBS |
WBS i.e. work breakdown structure show detail of all the work that is essential to assert before assigning a timeline to all of them. |
Get approval for other needs |
The other needs are also essential and need to be looked after in order to locate the workable way outs to stop any makeover. |
Approval on the precise equipment and plans |
To give trainings to the workers, it is essential to have the things handy, and the plan would uphold the detailing of time and cost outlined for the project. |
Sanction on the swipe system |
The suggested system pattern needs to be sanctioned by the higher authorities. |
Take opinions and feedback |
Once the prototype is introduced, it will be very important to receive opinions in order to make it suitable for everyone. |
Get approval on the Database |
The database design, which aims to preserve all the required data, needs approval before the coding is initiated. |
Get a approval in the coded system |
The system needs to associate with the database and this needs suitable coding. The standards and conventional levels need to be sanctioned before initiating it. |
Swipe-card systems introduced |
The swipe card system initiation is essential for the plan to go on. |
Get sanction on the coding system (after testing) |
This is essential to make sure of the efficiency of the practice and test it to make sure there are no bugs in the developed system. |
Take feedback (after final demo) |
It is essential to take feedbacks in order to make sure that all the required functionalities in the developed system. |
Following are the associated team member and their respective work profile:
Role |
Assigned work |
Project sponsor |
Sign-off project charter; keep a steady communication with stakeholders. |
Project manager |
· Ensure that the deliverables are finished within the deadline; · Updates the timely project status; · Find and deals with the potential risk factors of the project; · Coordinate and lead project teams |
Quality manager |
Check the quality of every deliverable object |
Human resource manager |
Recruit new resources; |
Finance consultant |
Prepare and present a budget estimate |
Risk manager |
Locate the project risks and come up with solution plans. |
Developer head |
Develop the business logic code |
Testing head |
Check the code |
In order to satiate the communication needs and requirements amongst the project team, the authorities and the stakeholder, a detailed plan is developed. This plan outlines: means of communication, meetings, forms and any other essential activity of communication and interconnectivity.
All the project teams will use following resources for communication:
Following table shows the communication process among different stakeholders:
What is to be done |
Who |
Purpose of task |
How often |
Method |
Project Initial meeting |
All stakeholders |
Collect information for the project plan |
Before initial date of project |
Meeting |
Project initiation plan’s distribution |
All stakeholders |
To inform and include all stakeholders regarding the scope of the project |
Before initiating kick-start meeting |
Sent over the web |
Project kick-off meeting |
All stakeholders |
Allotting of work to stakeholders. |
Before initial date of project |
Meeting |
Project Team meetings |
Team meetings, functional team meetings and modules meetings. |
To see all the in-depth plans and check on the updates |
Regularly planned |
Meeting |
Review after project |
Project managers, main stakeholders, sponsor |
Outline the improvements in projects, lessons learnt, Analyze the accomplishments |
On completion of the project |
Following risks are prominently associated with the swipe-card installation project:
Resources not available i.e. non-availability of project manger, design engineer and other key resources.
System security i.e. System should be secured from hackers and other intrusions.
Increase in cost of the system i.e. any delay in project may lead to increase in the project cost.
Project deadline i.e. Milestones should be achieved as per the defined deadlines.
Risk |
Probability [High, Medium, Low] |
Consequence [High, Medium, Low] |
Impact [High, Medium, Low] |
Proposed Mitigation Action |
Resources not available |
Medium |
High |
High |
Accept. Hire other resources |
Low |
High |
High |
Accept. Get the increased budget approved by project sponsor |
|
System security |
Medium |
High |
High |
Avoid. The design of the proposed swipe card should be get approved from the industry experts. |
Missing milestone deadlines |
Low |
Medium |
Medium |
Avoid. Assign more resources to avoid delay. |
Stakeholder matrix – Following matrix depicts the key stakeholders of the Targmart – Swipe card installation project:
Stakeholder |
Stake in the project |
Potential impact on Project |
What does the Project expect the Stakeholder to provide? |
Perceived attitudes and/or risks |
Stakeholder Management Strategy |
Responsibility |
Management executives |
Provides specifications which define the project’s objectives. |
High |
Assign resources which includes budget, hardware, software and budget.. |
Cordination issue because there can be a problem which may arise from mis-understanding technicalities of project. |
Involvement in hihg-level meetinfs and high level card design and contract sign-off |
Project Manager |
Project team |
Project team |
High |
Must be well-acquainted with the alloted tasks, cordinate with each other. |
Procrastination and ego problems |
Participation in meetings and workshops. |
Project sponsor/developer |
Support staff |
Maintenance |
High |
Facilitate in system designing, know-how of the processes, suggesting key changes in the system. |
Issue in adapting the new system |
Participation in user training and requirement analysis and gathering |
Project Team |
Employee |
Employees |
Low |
Valuable feedback, input and usage pattern |
Unable to let employees make out its full utility. |
Feedback |
Marketing |
WBS |
Task Name |
1 |
TargMart Swipe System |
1.1 |
Project initiation |
1.1.1 |
Finalize project charter |
1.1.2 |
Approve charter |
1.2 |
Project planning |
1.2.1 |
Scope identificaiton |
1.2.2 |
Schedule management |
1.2.3 |
Budget cration |
1.2.4 |
Define roles and responsibilities |
1.2.5 |
Hiring |
1.2.6 |
WBS creation |
1.2.7 |
Project plan finalization |
1.2.8 |
Approve WBS |
1.3 |
Requirement analysis |
1.3.1 |
Current system analysis |
1.3.2 |
Gap Analysis |
1.3.3 |
Define High level requirements |
1.3.4 |
Define Low level requirements |
1.3.5 |
Analysis of cost-benefit |
1.3.6 |
Proposal creation |
1.3.7 |
Approve requirements |
1.4 |
Vendor selection |
1.4.1 |
Open tender |
1.4.2 |
Finalize selection criteria |
1.4.3 |
Finalize vendor |
1.5 |
System design |
1.5.1 |
Finalize data model |
1.5.2 |
Finalize system flow |
1.5.3 |
Create prototype |
1.5.4 |
Finalize data set |
1.5.5 |
Approve swipe card design |
1.6 |
Acceptance of prototype |
1.6.1 |
Finalize date |
1.6.2 |
Send inivation to management |
1.6.3 |
Finalize demo room |
1.6.4 |
Demo |
1.7 |
System database |
1.7.1 |
Finalize data model |
1.7.2 |
Finalize SQL scripts |
1.7.3 |
Execute scripts |
1.7.4 |
Finalize sample queries |
1.7.5 |
Approve database |
1.8 |
Coding |
1.8.1 |
Frame code |
1.8.2 |
Database integration |
1.8.3 |
Approve coded system |
1.9 |
Installation |
1.9.1 |
Installation |
1.9.2 |
Swipe card installed |
1.1 |
Testing |
1.10.1 |
Finalize system test cases |
1.10.2 |
Finalize application test cases |
1.10.3 |
Create bugs summary |
1.10.4 |
Send bugs to developers |
1.10.5 |
Resolve bugs |
1.10.6 |
Approve tested system |
1.11 |
Final demonstration |
1.11.1 |
Finalize room |
1.11.2 |
Invite users |
1.11.3 |
Demo |
1.11.4 |
Take feedback |
1.12 |
Go-Live |
Following are some of the lessons learnt from post-completion of the project:
Milestones are required to be monitored 6 days before the assigned deadline to ensure quality.
Team members are required to be consulted on regular basis so as to avoid any conflicts.
Vendor is required to be communicated about timely delivery on regular basis.
References:
Gulla, J. (2012, Feb). Seven Reasons IT Projects Fail. Retrieved from https://www.ibmsystemsmag.com: https://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/power/Systems-Management/Workload-Management/project_pitfalls/?page=2
Organizing for Project Management. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu: https://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/02_Organizing_for_Project_Management.html
Duncan, W.R. (n.d) A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, Available: https://www.unipi.gr/akad_tmhm/biom_dioik_tech/files/pmbok.pdf.
Hamilton, G. (n.d.). Risk management and project management go hand in hand. Retrieved from https://www.cio.com.au: https://www.cio.com.au/article/385084/risk_management_project_management_go_hand_hand/
HubPages. (n.d.). Project Management Time & Cost Estimation Techniques: An Overview. Retrieved from https://hubpages.com: https://hubpages.com/hub/Project-Management-Time-Cost-Estimation-Techniques-An-Overvie
PMI. (2010). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® guide). USA.
Omidvar, H. (2008) Project Budget & cost management, [Online], Available: https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/OMB/Resources/Files/omb/pdfs/costestimation/presentation1.pdf
PMI (2010) A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® guide), USA.
Schwalbe, K. (2013) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT.
Umich.edu (2002) ME450: Gantt Chart Handout, [Online], Available: https://www-personal.umich.edu/~bobden/me450_gantt_chart_handout.pdf.
University of Ucglary Work Breakdown Structure & Schedules, [Online], Available: https://people.ucalgary.ca/~design/engg251/First%20Year%20Files/wbss.pdf.
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order formOnce we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignmentAs soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download