How the world has changed due to the advent of globalization.
Due to the advent of globalization, the world has seen various changes in a positive manner. On the other hand, the world has experienced various negative impacts as well. Due to the increasing usage of technology and the use of the machineries, the amount of waste is also rising in the environment (Guerrero, Maas and Hogland 2013). The rise in the population in the developed as well as the developing countries, also contributes to the rise in the amount of waste in the environment (Papargyropoulou, Lozano, Steinberger, Wright and bin Ujang 2014). As a result, it has become mandatory to manage the waste materials to give the people living in the society a better life. Moreover, it is important to keep a balance between the operations in the factories that generate waste and the environment.
The essay will mainly focus on the measures taken to manage the waste in Asia by referring to some case studies. Along with the rest of the world, Asia is one such continent that is experiencing a generation of huge amount of waste. However, steps are being taken to manage the waste and reduce the pollution so that the environment is not polluted due to the waste. Pollution is another danger for the environment, which is a product of globalization. It is important the change the negative effects that has been brought about due to globalization should not harm the society or the people living in the society is any way.
To manage the solid waste, it is important to know the types or the characterization of solid waste that is produced in Asia
It can be seen that there are multiple sources of solid waste like residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, constructions and demolition, municipal services, process and the agricultural waste. The types of solid waste that can be generated from the food, plastics, metals, glass, constructions and demolitions materials, wood, steel, dirt, the trimmings from the tee, agricultural waste and other waste (Tian, Gao, Hao, Lu, Zhu and Qiu 2013).
Malaysia is one such country is Asia, which is suffering from solid waste generation in the present state (Menikpura, Sang-Arun and Bengtsson 2013). Malaysia is one of the most developed countries in the world but the amount of waste is also increasing at a steep level in the country. It has been calculated that the local communities in Malaysia produce 16000 tons of domestic waste per day. The amount of waste generated in the continent varies between 0.45 kg and 1.44 kg p in one day (Abas 2014). The variations are depended on the economic status of the people of the particular area. On an average, 1 kg of waste is generated per day in the country (Abas 2014).
It has been seen that the rapid development in the country has resulted in a huge rise in the population of the country (Kiddee, Naidu and Wong 2013). The study shows that the Malaysian population has increased have increased by 50% in the last decade. The number of city in the Malaysian peninsula has increased by 400% when it was measured in the year 2000 by comparing with the number of cities in the year 1957 (Othman, Noor, Abba, Yusuf and Hassan 2013). The Malaysian government has taken necessary steps to combat the solid waste that are being produced due to the increase in number of positions in the country. The Malaysian government is taking into consideration a number of plans and steps to combat the problem of solid waste. Malaysia has committed to agenda 21, United Nations Framework Convention regarding climate change and the Kyoto protocol for the sustainable development of the country (Samsudin and Don 2013). The government of Malaysia has planned to reduce carbon dioxide emission by 40% by the year 2020 as compared to t emission that was calculated in the year 2005 (Hardoy, Mitlin and Satterthwaite 2013). The waste management in Malaysia takes place in three phases. In the first phase it was stored, in the second phase is transported to different stations and in the third phase, it is treated at various stations.
The waste management style in Japan is quite similar to the waste management style in Malaysia (Pariatamby and Tanaka 2014). A small truck collects the waste from the administration building. The waste is then divided into two parts; one is the combustible bulk waste and another is the general waste. The combustible bulk waste is then passed through crushing equipment (Zen, Noor and Yusuf 2014). After passing through the crushing equipment, it is out in the input. The general waste is directly transferred to the input. Once the waste is put in the input, another machine collects the dust and put the deodorizing agent. In the input there is a receiving hopper and a waste feed equipments, which process the waste. After passing thought the compressor and through the container passing equipment, the waste is then passed though the large trucks. The large trucks then either takes the wastes to a site where it can be disposed or takes them to another plant where, it can be further processed. A pictorial representation of the transfer of the waste management is given below:
The best part of Malaysia and Japan is that they maintain a proper scientific and hygienic method of transferring the wastes and managing the wastes (Lohri, Camenzind and Zurbrügg 2014).
The authors, Poonia M. P, Vipin Upadhyay and Jethoo A.S where the authors studied the solid waste management system at the MNIT campus in Jaipur, carried out a study. The study was presented in a paper titled, ‘Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case Study of MNIT Campus, Jaipur’ (Upadhyay, Jethoo and Poonia 2012). The management of MNIT was going through a critical phase of solid waste management. A large amount of waste was produced through the hostels and the kitchens of the hostels. It has been seen that a lot of waste was being generated from the mess, residents, academics, hostels and the road side. Things like plastic, paper, tin, rubber, leather, cardboards, glass and other things are the wastes that are being generated in the campus. The researcher found that the transportation system of the waste is the main reason for the miss-management of the waste. The sweepers do their job well and they transport the wastes outside the campus every alternate day. The solid wastes that are being collected from the road side are directly transported to the final disposal site (Aja, O.C. and Al-Kayiem 2014). However, the remaining solid wastes are being transported by a tractor to a disposal ground; the solid waste is then final disposal site. The main problem occurs when the tractors takes the waste outside the campus. The tractors are either not covered or are partially covered. The tractors spread the germs in the road while transporting the waste. The workers who work with the solid waste are not given protective gloves while working with the wastes. In addition to this, the shoes of the workers are directly exposed to the waste. Hence, there is a high chance of spreading germs all over eth campus. The miss-management in the solid waste management system pose a threat to the health of the students, teachers, the staffs and the workers who work in the campus (Papargyropoulou, Lozano, Steinberger, Wright and bin Ujang 2014). However, the management use of mechanical system to load and unload the waste and hence there is a chance that the workers will not have their body coming in contact with the waste. The authors concluded that there is a huge need to upgrade the waste management system of MNIT. The management need to scientifically dispose the solid waste through the sanitary landfill. The management need to buckle up and segregate the waste before transporting them to the final disposal site. The biodegradable and non- biodegradable waste should be segregated not only for the saving the environment but also for recycling products of the waste products, which need not be produced as they can be recycled by the users (Tian, Gao, Hao, Lu, Zhu and Qiu 2013).
In another article named, ‘A Case Study on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Chandan Nagar City’, the waste management system of Chandannagar city was being studied. The authors, S K Maity, B Bhattacharyya and B K Bhattacharyay studied the semi-urban area of Chandannagar city situated in west Bengal (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). The Chandannagar Municipal Corporation collects the solid waste from the Chandannagar city. The solid wastes are being collected from the markets, the houses, the parks and the grounds, the institutions, the offices and the hospitals present in the area. The garbage is collected by the sweepers form the commercial and the residential area. The collected solid wastes are then transported to final disposal ground. However, the problems that were seen with the MNIT persist here as well (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). The tractors are not well-covered during the transportation. The roads get polluted as at times, the solid wastes fall on the road. In addition to this, there is no segregation of the biodegradable and non- biodegradable wastes. When the people of the household or the commercial area dispose the waste, there is only one bin that collect both the biodegradable and non– biodegradable waste (Guerrero, Maas and Hogland 2013). The authors also found that her is no recycling process goes on after the collation of the waste (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). According to the authors, the absence of recycling affects the economy of the country (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012). The authority fails to understand that once certain products are recycled, the products can be used for multiple purposes. The need of buying new products will decrease eventually. In such a situation, there will be less expenditure on the part of the people (Othman, Noor, Abba, Yusuf and Hassan 2013). The authors also feel that there is high need of adoption scientific method of disposal of wastes and the transportation of wastes. Waste management not only includes the steps taken to reduce the waste and proper processing of the wastes, it also involves storage, transportation and the final processing (Kiddee, Naidu and Wong 2013). Thus, it can be said that India needs to adopt better ways of managing the wastes similar to other countries like Malaysia and Japan. The management system needs to be enhanced in India (Menikpura, Sang-Arun and Bengtsson 2013). They should adopt scientific and hygienic ways of transportation of the waste and takes care that the environment is not polluted while transferring the wastes (Maity, Bhattacharyay and Bhattacharyya 2012).
The essay mainly takes into account the case studies of three different countries of Asia, Malaysia, Japan and India. The solid waste management technique is studied for the three countries to compare and contrast the ways adopted by the countries as far as the solid waste management is concerned. After evaluating the waste management techniques of the different countries, it can be concluded that the problems of the waste management is present in all the countries of Asia. However, India needs to adopt better ways and techniques to manage the waste in the country. All the three countries collect the wastes from the residential and the commercial areas in a regular basis. The positive method of colleting the wastes in Malaysia and Japan is that, they segregate the biodegradable and the non- biodegradable wastes. It not only helps in sustain the environment, it also helps in the development of the economy of the country as the recyclable materials do not get mixed up with the degradable products. It is easier for the waste management authorities to segregate the waste and use the materials for the respective purposes in a better manner.
Reference
Abas, M. (2014). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Malaysia: An Insight Towards Sustainability.SSRN Electronic Journal.
Aja, O.C. and Al-Kayiem, H.H., 2014. Review of municipal solid waste management options in Malaysia, with an emphasis on sustainable waste-to-energy options. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 16(4), pp.693-710.
Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G. and Hogland, W., 2013. Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries. Waste management, 33(1), pp.220-232.
Hardoy, J.E., Mitlin, D. and Satterthwaite, D., 2013. Environmental problems in an urbanizing world: finding solutions in cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Routledge.
Kiddee, P., Naidu, R. and Wong, M.H., 2013. Electronic waste management approaches: An overview. Waste Management, 33(5), pp.1237-1250.
Lohri, C.R., Camenzind, E.J. and Zurbrügg, C., 2014. Financial sustainability in municipal solid waste management–Costs and revenues in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Waste management, 34(2), pp.542-552.
Maity, S., Bhattacharyay, B. and Bhattacharyya, B. (2012). A Case Study on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Chandan Nagar City. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), 1(3).
Menikpura, S.N.M., Sang-Arun, J. and Bengtsson, M., 2013. Integrated solid waste management: an approach for enhancing climate co-benefits through resource recovery. Journal of Cleaner Production, 58, pp.34-42.
Othman, S.N., Noor, Z.Z., Abba, A.H., Yusuf, R.O. and Hassan, M.A.A., 2013. Review on life cycle assessment of integrated solid waste management in some Asian countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 41, pp.251-262.
Papargyropoulou, E., Lozano, R., Steinberger, J.K., Wright, N. and bin Ujang, Z., 2014. The food waste hierarchy as a framework for the management of food surplus and food waste. Journal of Cleaner Production,76, pp.106-115.
Pariatamby, A. and Tanaka, M., 2014. Municipal solid waste management in Asia and the Pacific Islands. Environmental Science, Springer, Singapore.
Samsudin, M.D.M. and Don, M.M., 2013. Municipal solid waste management in Malaysia: current practices, challenges and prospects. Jurnal Teknologi,62(1).
Solid Waste Management and Recycling Technology of Japan ï¼ Toward a Sustainable Society Toward a Sustainable Society ï¼Â. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Ministry of Environment. Available at: https://www.env.go.jp/en/recycle/smcs/attach/swmrt.pdf [Accessed 6 Jun. 2016].
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Upadhyay, V., Jethoo, A. and Poonia, M. (2012). Solid Waste Collection and Segregation: A Case Study of MNIT Campus, Jaipur. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 1(3).
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