The coal and ash Handling system deals with the handling of coal which arrives at the storage yard, conditioning it, using it for the purpose of heat generation to provide heat input to the boiler and then removing and storing the Ash generated due to the burning of the coal.
Air and Gas circuit:
The atmospheric air is taken through a draught system it may be forced, induced or balanced. The air is filtered and the dust is removed and then it is supplied to the combustion chamber. The air is allowed to pass through an air pre-heater before feeding it for the combustion. The air preheater utilizes the hot flue gases for the purpose of heating the incoming air.
1 M.S. Murshitha Shajahan, D. Najumnissa Jamal, V. Aparna and M.K.A. Ahamed Khan, ‘Control of electric power generation of thermal power plant in TamilNadu’, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Vol. 12, 2018, pp. 728-735.
The air after completing the combustion becomes hot flue gas. The flue gas contains heat and some quantity of ash. The flue gas is initially allowed to pass through the air preheater to exchange heat with the inlet fresh air. Then the flue gas is passed through dust collectors in which most of the ash and dust content of the flue air is removed. Then the flue air is allowed to exhaust to the atmosphere via the chimney’.2
Feed water and Steam circuit:
The water follows a closed loop in this system. The condensed water from the condenser is allowed to the boiler via economizer. The economizer uses the flue gases to preheat the feed water. The feed water is then heated at the boiler the water is converted into steam. The generated steam is then allowed to pass through the superheating boiler where the steam will be super-heated. Then the steam is expanded in the Steam turbine. The expanded steam will have low velocity and low enthalpy. Then the expanded steam is condensed in the condenser. There is always some form of water loss from the circuit throughout the cycle so some fresh water is allowed inside the feed water pump to compensate the loss’.2
Cooling water circuit:
The cooling water circuit consists of the water that is required to cool the steam flowing through the condenser. The Water source is taken from large reservoirs such as lake, sea and rivers. The cooling water may have an open loop circuit or closed loop circuit. In an open loop circuit the water taken from the reservoir is allowed to flow out to the surrounding. In the case of a closed-loop system same water is being circulated again and again inside the condenser the open loop system needs a separate water cooling system such as an evaporative cooler’.4
General working:
The steam which is generated from the boiler is allowed to expand through the steam turbine which in turn rotates the alternator. The conversion of the Mechanical energy into electrical energy is achieved with the help of alternator. The steam turbine converts the steam energy into mechanical energy. The steam-powered turbine works on the principle of baryon cycle.
Heat and mass balance:
Feed:
Feed water to 1 temperature: 15 degree Celsius
Feed temp to evaporative surface (10) condenser: 15 0 C
The temperature of the De super heater: 15 0 C
Inlet Condition : 15 0 C
Exit Conditions at 10: 150 C
Heat balance: 00 C
emperatures:
|
Condensate from turbine condenser (7) : |
1200 C |
|
Water from evaporator condenser (10) : |
60 0 C |
Feed water to 1 temperature (1) : 15 0 C
Feed water temp to boiler:?
Heat balance:
Inlet conditions: 120
Feed to boiler:
Here,
18 Boiler I.D fan
Temperatures in 0 C:
Boiler Feed Temperature : 650 C
Boiler pressure &super heater feed : 20 bar : 2150 C (from steam table)
Temperature added at the boiler 1500 C
Heat added at the boiler:
Mass of water in 2.20 kgs/s
Mass of the steam leaving the boiler 1.7kgs/s
Overall mass = massage of water in – Mass of steam leaving
Amount of water loss = 2.20 – 1.7
= 0.5 kgs.
Fresh Feed water to be added = 0.5kg
Boiler feed to superheater: 2150 C
Superheated steam Temperature: 3000 C
Air to superheater 200 C
The temperature to be added by superheater: 650 C
Heat added at the superheater:
Mass of steam inlet super heater = 1.7kgs/s
Mass of steam leaving super heater = 1.2kgs/s
Total loss = 1.7 – 1.2 = 0.5 kg/s
5 Live steam distillation unit:
Temperature in 0 C
Water inlet condition : 128
Condensate outlet : 60
Total difference : 52
Cooling water to condenser: 10
Difference : 52
Effluent : 42
Heat transfer took place at the condenser:
11 Evaporator jet condenser:
Temperature inlet:
Cooling water : 100C
Water outlet : 120 0 C
Balance : 110 deg C
Heat transfer took place at the condenser
De super heater reduces the temperature of the steam in order to reduce its super heating temperature:
Heat input: From super heater bleed
Output: Cooled down
Balance : Difference
Coooling water inlet: 10 deg C
Cooling water outlet : As per heat transger
Difference: overall
Heat removed
Boiler efficiency:
Here,
Q is the quantity of steam generated
H enthalpy of steam
h- enthalpy of water
CV calorific value of fuel
Super heater efficiency:
Wt workdone by turbine: 750 KW
Q heat supplied: 1584 KW
Efficiency is found to be 47 Percentage.
The thermal efficiency could be improved by’.3 :
3 John G. Bustamante, Alexander S. Rattner and Srinivas Garimella, “Achieving near-water-cooled power plant performance with air-cooled condensers”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 105, 2016, pp. 362-371.
References:
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