Q.1What tactics are needed to ensure the efficiency of health promotion. What are the possible barriers for health promotion plans?
Ans. Health promotion is the procedure of empowering individuals to raise control over, and to enhance their wellbeing. It exchanges beyond an attention on the performance of individuals towards an extensive variety of environmental and social interferences. It not only holds actions focussed at strengthening the skills and abilities of individual’s but also towards political, social, economic, and environmental conditions to ease their impact on individual health and population (Eldredge, Markham, Ruiter, Kok & Parcel, 2016).
Strategies for effectiveness of health promotion-
Advocate is a combination of individual and social activities designed to increase political assurance, social recognition, political sustenance, and systems support for a specific health objective or plan. It is one of the three main strategies for health promotion and can take numerous forms including the utilization of community mobilization, mass media and multi-media and coordinate political campaigning, for instance, alliances of interest around characterized issues. Health experts have a major obligation to act as advocates’ for health in society. Health promotion activity aims at making these situations favourable through advocacy for health.
In health promotion, enabling means association with people or groups to enable them, through the assembly of material and human assets, to protect and promote their health. Health promotions give emphasis on accomplishing fairness in health. It aims at decreasing conflicts in current health eminence and safeguarding equal resources and chances to empower all entities to accomplish their full being prospective. This incorporates a secure establishment in a supportive environment, life skills, opportunities, and access to data for making sound decisions (Sallis, Franklin, Joy, Ross, Sabgir & Stone, 2015).
The prospects and prerequisites for health cannot be guaranteed by the health sector. All the more vitally, health promotion advanced coordinated action by all concerned: by a nongovernmental and voluntary organization, by governments, by local authorities, by health and other economic and social sectors and by the media Professional and social groups have the main responsibility to mediate amid divergent benefits in society for the pursuit of wellbeing.
Potential barriers to health promotion program-
Q.2 Explain the issues of concern, the people involved, and the settings approach of health advancement and provide examples for each of them.
Ans. People involved, issues, and settings are the three keystones of any health plan. The issues of concern in health promotion are-
Issues are associated to encroaching on individual ‘security, interrupting with their entitlement to liberty of choice and self-sufficiency for the consideration of encouraging the health of people or humanity as a whole. Health promotion interferences raise concerns with respect to unfair or unequal provision or treatment of services, mentioned to as distributive, and equity impartiality, which develops to incorporate unequal delivery of burdens or risk or of rational chances to attain health objectives. For example, communication intervention may serve to widen communal gaps when primarily the individuals who are had better off assistance from these mediations (Edelman, Mandle & Kudzma, 2017).
The World Health Organization (WHO) characterizes a setting as “the social setting in which individually involve in day-to-day events in which personal, organizational, and environmental issues communicate to affect wellbeing and prosperity”. The setting approach to health promotion considers the numerous, interactive components that make up an entire framework and adopts interventions that coordinate these components to limit risk factors and conditions that contribute to illness. The objective of the setting approach is to create a helpful environment for optimal health. The model’s key standard includes partnership, flexibility, empowerment, community participation, and equity. For example, since higher scholastic achievement or a positive state of mind are related to positive health practices (Baum & Fisher, 2014).
Q.3 Explain why the community needs determination is perceived as being a critical responsibility for the successful planning and implementation of health promotion plan. Illustrate the types of needs, how to gather them, and deliver some examples of each category?
Ans. Community need assessment is documented as a critical responsibility for the successful planning and implementation of health advancement programs as it enables to plan and deliver the utmost effective care to those who are in greatest need. They apply the standards of value and social justice in practice by ensuring that scarce assets are distributed where they can give supreme health advantage. They work supportively with the community, agencies and other specialists to decide which health matters cause the highest apprehension and plan interference to address those matters. Consumerism is the important factor in which the desires of a member from general society have led to greatest concerns about the nature of the services they receive from access and value viability and appropriateness (Alley, Asomugha, Conway & Sanghavi, 2016).
Felt needs can be collected by promoting active participation and providing financial assistance so that it contributes expressively to the achievement of community development determinations.
Express needs can be collected by a number of individuals who have sought support and focusses on situations where feelings are interpreted into action.
Organization determine needs are collected by performing a staffing assessment and implement the workforce plan.
Collecting needs are important for health program planning because it provides a method of promoting and monitoring equity in the practice of health services and addressing disparities in health. This help in collecting original information, transferring, or adapting, or transferring what is already available (Goetzel, Henke, Tabrizi, Pelletier, Loeppke, Ballard & Serxner, 2014).
Q.4 Pick one health problem in one particular country and unfavourably assess the planning and implementation of health promotion, and analyse the gaps?
Ans. Smoking remains the main preventable reason for death and sickness in Australia. It leads to an extensive variety of diseases including numerous types of heart disease, lung and chest illness, cancer and stomach ulcers.
Planning of health promotion is to be done to increase the awareness of the risk of smoking and benefits of quitting. They should encourage customers to quit as it is not a good habit and can impact on family, communities as well as society. They should target those customers who are suffering from respiratory diseases such as asthma, other diseases etc. A campaign should be developed to a steady reduction in smoking. As the Australian government allotted research reserves towards regaining and develop the anti-smoking campaign. They should ensure access to brief intervention training which continues to be provided to them. They should monitor the databases to know about the smoking status (Wheeler, Roennfeldt, Slattery, Krinks & Stewart, 2018).
Health program intervention is actions engaged to accomplish the program objectives. It includes –
In Australia, community-wide programmes using multiple strategies have documented a large decline in smoking initiation.
The extent of Indigenous individuals aged 18 years and over who smoke has diminished expressively, from 55 per cent to 45 per cent. Australia is on track to eradicate public health issue by 2020. The pervasiveness of active trachoma in indigenous youngsters aged 5-9 years in danger fell from 14 per cent to 4.7 per cent in 2016 (Carroll, Labarthe, Huffman & Hitsman, 2016).
References
Alley, D. E., Asomugha, C. N., Conway, P. H., & Sanghavi, D. M. (2016). Accountable health communities—addressing social needs through Medicare and Medicaid. N Engl J Med, 374(1), 8-11.
Baum, F., & Fisher, M. (2014). Why behavioural health promotion endures despite its failure to reduce health inequities. Sociology of health & illness, 36(2), 213-225.
Carroll, A. J., Labarthe, D. R., Huffman, M. D., & Hitsman, B. (2016). Global tobacco prevention and control in relation to a cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention framework: A narrative review. Preventive medicine, 93, 189-197.
Davis, K., Carter, S., Myers, E., & Rocca, N. (2018). Health promotion for young people with profound and multiple learning disabilities. Nursing children and young people, 30(1), 28-34.
Edelman, C. L., Mandle, C. L., & Kudzma, E. C. (2017). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span-E-Book (9th Ed.). China: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Kok, G., & Parcel, G. S. (2016). Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach (4th Ed.). U.S.A: John Wiley & Sons.
Fertman, C. I., & Allensworth, D. D. (2016). Health promotion programs: from theory to practice (2nd Ed.). U.S.A: John Wiley & Sons.
Goetzel, R. Z., Henke, R. M., Tabrizi, M., Pelletier, K. R., Loeppke, R., Ballard, D. W., … & Serxner, S. (2014). Do workplace health promotion (wellness) programs work? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(9), 927-934.
Koyio, L., Ranganathan, K., Kattappagari, K. K., Williams, D. M., & Robinson, P. G. (2016). Oral health needs assessment world?wide in relation to HIV. Themes: Oral health needs and inequalities, oral health promotion, co?ordinating research and enhancing dissemination in relation to HIV?a workshop report. Oral diseases, 22, 199-205.
Sallis, J. F., Owen, N., & Fisher, E. (2015). Ecological models of health behavior. Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice, 5, 43-64.
Sallis, R., Franklin, B., Joy, L., Ross, R., Sabgir, D., & Stone, J. (2015). Strategies for promoting physical activity in clinical practice. Progress in cardiovascular diseases, 57(4), 375-386.
Wheeler, A. J., Roennfeldt, H., Slattery, M., Krinks, R., & Stewart, V. (2018). Codesigned recommendations for increasing engagement in structured physical activity for people with serious mental health problems in Australia. Health & social care in the community.
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