Research essay initially require extensive evidence for supporting the focus thesis. Therefore, researchers are of the opinion that one of the main aspects of writing an effective research paper is proper gathering of resources that comprehensively address and appropriately focus on a particular topic and thereby synthesize the information in order to present a strong argument that will support a clear thesis (Carr, 2017). However, it is extremely important for an individual to think carefully about what he or she is going to write about. Therefore, it is important for an individual to take time for brainstorming what is the important concept that he would be researching on and how they are going to process the topic (Ocholla & Ocholla, 2016). This will help the individual to get the main focus on which he would be collecting relevant sources. In this scenario, documenting is the main important information on which the research will be conducted. It is important for the individual to first find the topic on which the information needs to researched and this topic would be something on which prior knowledge is not present. Therefore from the exercise 34, one has to clearly read through the statements and find out the main points on which research is need to be conducted to gain more information on the topic and to learn and develop knowledge on the topic (Schement, 2018). Out of the 11 point that has been given within the exercise, most of them are normal data that is just giving information form that happened with the space shuttle Challenger. Out of this point 2,3 and 4 seems to be associated and require extensive attention. This are usually cues about how and why Challenger Shuttle exploded. This can be documented and we need to focus on these points to find out whether the cold weather of Florida have anything to be associated with the explosion of the space shuttle. The research essay can also be conducted about knowing how does sudden and unforeseen drop in pressure in seconds before the explosion has contributed to the explosion of the Challenger. The research essay can also be based on how the failure of the O-ring seal resulted in explosion of the space shuttle. Therefore, these three topics could be research extensively so that more knowledge can be gained and would be used in future when other space shuttles would be launched so that the space researchers at that time can use this research papers in order to be careful about the efforts towards launching their shuttles.
The work can be considered as highly plagiarised. The examples that has been produced on the left which are the works of Historian Brian Vandemark are quite similar not only in case of their representation of the sentence structure but also with the same phrases used together without even changing any of the phrases while writing his own papers. Two types of Plagiarism can be considered here which the word for word plagiarism is. it Can be seen that the historian and has not only borrowed the words, phrases and materials of the Other historians with no acknowledgement but he had also been seen to have largely maintained the expression and sentence structures of the Other authors. The language of some of the passages would be considered plagiarized as no proper quotation marks have also been given that indicating that the phases are coming directly from the other authors’ books. The type of plagiarism that is also observed is known as a Patchwork paraphrasing plagiarism. there are also evidences from the examples provided that the author has paraphrased the work which is actually a patchwork of composed of pieces of the original authors’ language as well as very few of his own words and has tried to create a new pattern but with none of the body pieces in quotation marks. Therefore it can be said that some of the phrases are false represented by the author as his own when it’s actually are the abstract of the other authors. The author should have represented the main concept rather than copying words and taking exactly the same meaning that has been put forward by the other authors. He should have modified the language of the other authors and develop a structure of his own and should have added material to fit the new concept. taking the main concept and reproducing it in an entirely a new structured ways with proper acknowledgements and noting down the works of the Other author by word to word or by phrase to phrase or representing the ditto same information are two different distinct things and writer should be very careful about such cases.
The third exercise mainly requires comparing the work of an author with the work of a student who has used the information of the work of the author to write his own essay. The first work of the student is appreciable as the student had written the essays by following every guideline of ways to prevent plagiarism in written assignments (Dawson, 2015). It was seen that he has acknowledge the thinking procedure of the writer by using his name in the paragraph. Moreover, he has not used quotation, as he had not taken any direct statements that had been used by the author. In addition, he has rightly captured the main essence of what the author has stated about the significance of money in the present generation and its value in the present world. He had only used the author views, had constructed the statements with entirely new structures, and had given it a form that expresses the author view but also contain the student’s own writing style. Therefore, this essay is free from plagiarism and has the credibility to capture the heart of the reader (Serviss, 2015). However, although the second essay writer had been able to tell the reader about his thinking procedure of the grade inflation and what other authors think of the concept of grade inflation but his approach is not appreciable. This is mainly because exactly in the middle sentences of the essay paragraph, he has written the concept in ways by which he has confused the viewpoints of the authors. He had mixed up the information given by each of the author that in a way is a punishable offence. This is because his representation of the viewpoints of the authors had not been done clearly which sends wrong information to the reader (Conway et al., 2016). Therefore, he should try to maintain more clarity in his work and should learn to be specific in acknowledging the information which otherwise may suspend him to an obligation of plagiarism.
A number of strategies need to be adopted by me that would help me to overcome accidental plagiarism. The first initiative would be that I would come up with my own idea and concepts of topics for my essay and research papers (Adhikari, 2018). Experts are of the opinion that a student should first choose and document the ideas or topics on which he wishes to write and then search for sources to gather new information rather than doing the other way round. The second point to avoid plagiarism is to speak my own language. This does not only mean that writing in my own language but I should also use my own creative and unique way of representing so that chances of utilizing the author’s sentences in exact ways reduces. Another important initiative that I would be taking is the jotting down of the quotes of the authors with different colors and with proper author name beside, so that I do not make mistakes while citing the sources and do not get confused midway thereby acknowledging the name of one author with the work of another authors (Hodges et al., 2017). Moreover, while using the information of a source, I would brainstorm and try to represent the views in ways that although keep the essence but is written in completely different way so that plagiarism is avoided. Another common mistake that I have conducted in my previous essay is that I have missed many in-text referencing and have also missed out many of the references that I have used in the bibliography section. Therefore, I would keep aside separate timeslot for proofreading my essay to find out my research mistakes. I should first prepare a list of the sources that I would use before the beginning of the essay and following the list, I would prepare the bibliography list (Masic, 2014). This would prevent the missing out of names of the different author and his work that I have used in the essay. Moreover, another important initiative that I would be taking it to cite the work immediately after writing the lines after properly paraphrasing from the author work and not after the entre essay is finished (Tabirca & Radu, 2015). This would prevent me from forgetting which of the sources I have used in which paragraphs. This would also prevent me from using wrong sources for particular information which is one of the types of accidental plagiarism. In this way, I would be taking up these strategies to prevent accidental plagiarism in the future.
References:
Adhikari, S. (2018). Beyond Culture: Helping International Students Avoid Plagiarism. Journal of International Students, 8(1), 375-388.
Carr, K. (2017). Pen can bring results. Education, 98(6), 7-7.
Conway, C. S., Harris, S., Sims, Y., Smith, S., Staten, B. H., Maultsby, M., … & Osler, J. (2016). What Category Are They Anyway? Proposing a New Taxonomy for Factors that May Influence. Handbook of Research on Academic Misconduct in Higher Education.
Dawson, P. (2015). Session M: Hacking assessment.
Hodges, A., Bickham, T., Schmidt, E., & Seawright, L. (2017). Challenging the profiles of a plagiarist: a study of abstracts submitted to an international interdisciplinary conference. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 13(1), 7.
Masic, I. (2014). Plagiarism in scientific research and publications and how to prevent it. Materia socio-medica, 26(2), 141.
Ocholla, D. N., & Ocholla, L. (2016). Does open access prevent plagiarism in Higher Education. African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 26(2), 189-202.
Schement, J. R. (2018). Tendencies and tensions of the information age: Production and distribution of information in the United States. Routledge.
Serviss, T. (2015). Creating faculty development programming to prevent plagiarism: Three approaches. Handbook of academic integrity, 1-14.
Tabirca, A. & Radu, V., (2015). Ways to detect plagiarism in academic research. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Oeconomica, 17(2), p.76.
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