Aircraft maintenance technology is a course that basically deals in producing, training and enhancing one’s skills and abilities in maintaining an aircraft’s airworthiness. The Philippine State College of Aeronautics in one among others that offers this kind of course. The institution offers aircraft maintenance technology course and other related courses. Technicians are schooled in airframe related welding, aircraft structural design, electrical, hydraulic as well as heat and air conditioning systems, engine education encompasses both reciprocating and turbine design and operation.
The field of aircraft maintenance has a huge, largely unfilled aircraft technician perform all types of maintenance on airplane, helicopters, gliders and balloons. They inspect, maintain and repair airframes, powerplants and the respective systems and components of various models of aircraft. Technicians may overhaul and alter aircraft in accordance with federal aviation administration regulations and guidelines. Technicians need a high degree of interpersonal skills as they interact regularly with aircraft owners and other maintenance personnel.
Curriculum innovations of recent decades have been filled with rhetoric of promise and potential, and while some have materialized and brought beneficially results, many have proven hollow actually improving students learning, the lack of is starting to show.
Signs indicate that today’s students are more poorly equipped for higher education and entering a career than with their predecessors. The roars of educators who called for changes I schooling during the 1980’s have, at best been softened to mere whispers, and at worst have been converted to political posturing and partisan demagoguery.
The idea of curriculum is hardly new- but the way we understand and theorize it has altered over the years – and there remains considerable dispute as to meaning.
It has its origins in the running/chariot tracks of Greece. It was, literally, a course. In Latin curriculum was a racing chariot; currere was to run. A useful starting point for us here might be the definition offered by John Kerr and taken up by Vic Kelly in his standard work on the subject. Kerr defines curriculum as, ‘All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school.
(Quoted in Kelly 1983: 10; see also, Kelly 1999). This gives us some basis to move on – and for the moment all we need to do is highlight two of the key features. The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies as a result of the teaching of practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. It forms the core of apprenticeships and provides the backbone of the content at institute of technology (also known as technical college or polytechnics). On-the-job training (OJT) is one of the best training methods because it is planned, organized, and conducted at the employee’s worksite.
OJT will generally be the primary method used for broadening employee skills and increasing productivity. It is particularly appropriate for developing proficiency skills unique to an employee’s job – especially jobs that are relatively easy to learn and require locally-owned equipment and facilities. Background of the Study The Philippine State College of Aeronautics or PhilSCA is the aviation state college of the Republic of the Philippines with its main campus located at Manlunas Street Villamor Air Base, Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines that was recently relocated at Piccio Garden Villamor Air Base Pasay City.
Aside from its undergraduate courses, it is the only institution in the Philippines that offers masters and doctoral programs in aeronautical education and management. It was initially established in 1967 as Basa Air Base Community College by the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) to address the problem plaguing the 5th Fighter Wing of the Philippine Air Force stationed at Basa Air Base, Floridablanca, Pampanga.
Most of its graduates are employed in the AFP, Philippine National Police (PNP), Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), Philippine Aerospace and Development Corporation, Air Transportation Office, as well as by local and international airline companies, aeronautical colleges and flight schools, and aircraft repair stations. The College aims to provide professional and advance technical and technological instructions and trainings in the fields of aeronautical sciences and in the general area of science and technology for the Philippine Air Force (PAF) and the airline industries.
It also aims to promote research, advance studies and progressive leadership in its field of specialization. PhilSCA has now five institutions for its various courses. Institute of Graduate Studies for masters and doctorate. The Flying School in charge of the air transportation; Institute of Engineering and Technology (InET) for engineering and technological offering; Institute of Computer and Studies (ICS) for computer studies; Institute of Liberal Arts and Science (ILAS) for the general education and liberal arts and cultural programs.
Every year our institution, Philippine State College of Aeronautics has increasing its number of students especially in Aircraft Maintenance and Technology Department. The researcher conducted a study if the AMT students are well equipped and highly viable in their specialization. Majority of the AMT students were beset with varied problems on the financial aspects and on the availability of the equipments and tools during the laboratory hours. This was the one of the main problems they met aside from the lack of supervision on the part of the school.
This study could help the students in the field they chose, to have an effective training ground and know their specialization in the aviation industry of in the country and helps in production output of the company. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to determined the perception of the respondents about THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY AND ON-THE-JOB PROGRAM OF THE PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS specially, this study sought answers to the following questions. 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: 1.
Sex; Year Level. What is the perception of the respondents about on the present Aircraft Maintenance Technology Curriculum and On-The-Job Training. What is the perceptions of the respondents on how the on the job training enhance the students learning. What is the perception of the respondents in the proposed inclusion of On-The-Job Training in the aircraft maintenance technology curriculum Is there a significant difference between the perceptions of the respondents on the present Aircraft Maintenance Technology curriculum 6.
Is there a significant difference on the perception of the respondents on how the of On-The-Job training enhance the student learning. Is there a significant difference on the perception of the respondents in the proposed inclusion of on the job training in the Aircraft Maintenance Technology curriculum.
There is no significant difference between the perceptions of the respondents in: 1. The present Aircraft Maintenance Technology curriculum How the of On-The-Job training enhance the student learning. The proposed inclusion of on the job training in the Aircraft Maintenance Technology curriculum.
Significance of the Study This study aimed to contribute in lifting up the standards of the evaluation in the Philippine State College of Aeronautics and promote conductive learning place for each and every students in the college. Thus, their level of competency academically gets better. This may be also applied in other institutions where they focus not just on the quality education they can give to their students but how to mold them into a better citizen of the country. It is likely to believe that the result of the study would benefit the following: The Students of PhilSCA.
broaden the view points of the students on the aspect that the institution is committed to enhance the students skills and potential and also it advocates the students to rely on the institutions programs of developing and improving its facilities and equipment’s to a more suitable and conductive learning place. The Professors/Faculty. It also helps them to manage all divisional facilities and resources. By personal counseling they may be able to develop a better personality of the students. Thus, delegated or assigned works and resources can be done on time.
It will promote better students-mentor relationships giving chances for both the students and professors seek help in times of help. It will refine professionalism and the sense of accountability. The Parents of Students. the parents play the major role in developing their child attitudes and behaviors with their proper guidance and motivation. When their student leaves their home, the role of college/ institution takes place by providing them areas and services of students center so that parents may feel confident that are raising a responsible child.
Aviation Industry. Being one of the busiest areas in the field technically, relaxation need not to buy far in their work such as the development of young employees. This study is useful in evaluating the quality of education the institution it has to offer and more competitive workers could imply the output services of the company and have linkages on the school in providing on-the-job training for the students. To boost the technical skills of the students and to lessen the expense in providing the training program for the workers.
Administrations. Widen the perspective of the young professionals on their chosen field, with the proper guidance and developing more programs for the enhancement of the technical skills needed for the growing industry. Future Researchers. For the future researches, this study could be use as reference for their own study. The Philippine Society. This study will give evidence that the development of the center in any colleges or universities is visionary and will continue to evolve to all segment of population. Definition of Terms.
The following terminologies are defined according to their use and relevance to the study. Aeronautics. It refers to the science involved with the study, design and manufacture of flight- capable machines or the techniques of operating aircraft. While the term- literally meaning “sailing the air” – originally referred solely to the science of operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business and other aspects related to the aircraft. Aircraft. Any weight-carrying device designed to be intended to be used for flight.
Aircraft Maintenance. It refers to the maintenance of the aircraft: which holds a Mechanic certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines rules for certification, and for certificate holders, is detailed in Subpart D of Part 65 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR’s)(need link) Air safety. Is a term encompassing the theory, investigation and categorization of flight failures through regulations, education and training. It can also be applied in the context of campaigns that inform the public as to the safety of air travel.
(need link) Aviation. It refers to activities involving man-made flying devices (aircraft), including the people, organization, and regulatory bodies involved with them Competencies. Refer to the measurable or observable knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors (KSAB’s) critical to successful job performance. (need link) Curriculum. A course of study, especially at a school or college/a list of the courses offered at a school, college or university Demagoguery. It refers to impassioned appeals to the prejudices and emotions of the populace.
(need link) Populace. It refers to people in general considered as a whole. (need link) On-the-Job Training. Learning while working Schooled. Refers to something you have to learn about it as a result of training or experience (need link) Syllabus. A brief outline of the ground to covered in a course of lessons, lecture etc. Technical Knowledge. Familiar awareness or understanding or gained through experience or study in aviation. (need link) Technician. A person skilled in repairing aircraft who is authorized by the FAA.
Scope and Delimitation This study conducted within the perimeter of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics, located at Piccio Garden, Villamor Pasay City, especially to the students from Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department from third year to fourth year level under Institute of Engineering and Technology. Conceptual Framework of the Study It refers to the AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM AND ON-THE-JOB TRRAINING PROGRAM OF THE PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS.
Aircraft Maintenance needs a high degree of interpersonal skill as they interact regularly with aircraft owner and other maintenance personnel. Figure 1 illustrates a simplified and generalized intervention-to-impact pathway of educational programs to be implemented. The input shows the profile of the respondents, Curriculum, On-The-Job Training inclusion and On-The-Job Training enhancement. The process shows Statistical evaluation gathering, interpretation. And the output shows the inclusion of the On-The-Job Training in the Aircraft Maintenance technology curriculum.
Input processoutput Figure 1 Research Paradigm End notes 1. Cecilio, Bryan, (2011) Enhancing Curriculum of AMT by Including the-On-the-Job Training to Produce Well Equipped Students. Philippine State College of Aernautics. Piccio Garden Villamor Pasay City, pp. 1 to 3 2. Aircraft Technical Disctionary(1992) 3rd Edition Colorado Jeppesen Sanderson, pp. 11,17 and 44 3. The New Webster’s Dictionary(2004) International Dictionary,pp. 236,701 and 1002. Chapter II RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign Related Literature.
UNCF intends to launch the first phase of CEP in summer (2006) with a network-wide assessment that will determine and evaluate general education requirements, areas of anticipated growth, recruitment strategies, student outcome teaching methods, etc. The HBCU Curriculum Enhancement Program (CEP) will support member institutions as they seek to strengthen academic programs and enhance areas of curriculum growth and need with the goal creating “Centers of Excellence” in an array of discipline critical to success, stability and viability of our nation’s HBCU’s.
A major component of this program will involve opportunities for small clusters of member institutions to share similar interest and goals via “Networks of Learning”. This team-oriented approach will enable 15-20 institutions to share valuable information, learn from each other’s experience respond to challenges together, in a setting that promotes mentoring and collaboration. Initially, these clusters will be focused on the following areas of curriculum reform: 1. STEM (science, Technology Engineering, Mathematics) Disciplines 2. Core curriculum 3.
Professional programs (including business, nursing, education, library and information science, etc. ) 4. Humanities 5. Interdisciplinary Studies Overall, the HBCU Curriculum enhancement program will enable the network of UNCF institutions to work collectively to enhance curricula that will better prepare African-American and other students of color for success in the 21st century workplace. More importantly, a greater number of member institutions will become known for their innovative curriculum and highly-qualified graduates.
This will in turn help attract more students and greater public and private funding. According to Wikipedia website, the on the job training are part of a college curriculum that aims to train and orient students about the work and their future career. On the job training is very important not only to teach students to their chosen career but also to show students the reality about working. Foreign Related Studies In the spring of 2009 Dr. Catherine Hatton was commissioned by the APSCAD partnership of colleges to write up the final report on the activities and outcomes of the NALN funded project: Curriculum Enhancement for FE Feeder Courses.
NALN is an organization whose aim is ‘to widen participation by increasing the number of learners progressing from vocational programs, or the workplace, into higher education, and equip them for lifelong employment in the creative industries. NALN also works to develop progression agreements between its members and local schools and colleges and to build relationships with other lifelong learning networks such as the sector skills councils and arts communities. This final report summarizes the NALN funded action based research and development project into curriculum enhancement.
This was carried out from 2006-2009 and involved the four specialist art colleges which form part of the APSCAD (Association of principals of specialist college of art and design) partnership. Local Related Literature Department of Transportation Communication (2009) to Government Internship (GIP) is a continuous program of the department that intensifies the role of youth in the Nation Building Act or RA 8084.
It is an avenue for the students and the out of school youth to have experimental learning/hands-on experience in an office environment and an opportunity to invest their time in more important and productive way. Sorolla (2000) in the Philippines one of the approaches adopted to prepare the individual for occupation is by actual on-the-job training. With the approach as the student trainees the actual try-out on the real job is considered as the best test of your fitness in to the job the condition in the industry where the workers are trained can motivate you to do work in the best possible way. This way you can develop the correct working and thinking habits.
One of the major innovations of making the technology provides more relevant to the needs of the industry through the On-the-Job Training (OJT) the students reports to industry for six weeks as a part of the industrial orientation therefore completing the degree allotment is given for the supervised industry is aimed to better technology workers by strengthening the skills they learn in school. OJT will enable the student trainees acquaint themselves better setting work schedule policies, rules regulations and other related matters.
OJT can be effective to aiming method or it can cause many problems by not providing the skills and knowledge needed by the workers. This paper report on data collected from an actual study and creation of the on-the-job training program at manufacturing facilities located at Midwest. Literature was presented to define the concerned use in the on-the-job training and the steps that created a company called “certification program”. The training program was discussed, procedure defined and the reasons for using the different checklist and test to insure validity and reliability.
Local Related Studies Rosario (2001) endeavored to assess the rule in service training program educational technology transfer channel. The study discloses that there was generally UN improvement in teacher’s utilization of the components of the educational technologies in the classroom instruction after participation in the service program. Such empowerment was perceived to the outcome of knowledge of the educational technologies through in-service training program.
Cunanan (2004) in his study stated that majority (133 or 65.25%) of the graduates who were working said that the educational training they had in CAMP-AUF was relevant to their present job or position majority (121 or 77. 73%) of the graduates said that most important training received from CAMP-AUF was both to their academic and clinic internship. Decena (2004) revealed that the formal training of the students in the technical education does not meet the level of the needs of industry for all around the skilled workers due to the lack of equipment and facilities to support effective and efficient technical and vocational education program.
There in structural program requires adequate facilities to properly equip the students with occupational competency and technical information of modern technology. They may provide the necessary theories in the stop courses, but if the equipment and facilities does not match industries, then would be a wider gap between the preparations of the students in meeting the skills required when they employed. Relevance of the Study The insights in this study particularly the related studies and literature has a significant relationship with regards to the author’s works in enhancement of the curriculum.
This is to develop the abilities, skills and talents of a person the school must provide a curriculum, which is relevant to the needs of the people and or the society, socially, politically and economically. In this study, the researcher concerned how will affects the students performance. The goal of this research is to determine if the students are still highly and globally competitive in their specialization despite of financial difficulties aside from the lack of supervision on the part of the school. End Notes 1.
Cecilio, Bryan, (2011) Enhancing Curriculum of AMT by Including the On-the-Job Training to Produce Well Equipped Students. Philippine State College of Aernautics, Piccio Garden Villamor Pasay City, pp. 17 to 18 and 20 2. Velasco, Jed, March 2010 The Effect of on-the-job training to the attitude of graduating Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology Students of Philippine State College of Aeronautics. Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Piccio Garden Villamor Pasay City, pp. 22 to 26 3. www. infed. org/biblio/b-curric.
htm 4. www.amtonline/publications/pubjsp Chapter III RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY This chapter aimed to provide an overview of methodological approaches and research design selected for application the study. Its covers population and sample, instrumentation, procedure applied to gather data to achieve information results needed in the study as well as statistical techniques in the analysis and interpretation of general data. Research Methodology The questionnaire strictly implemented only to Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Villamor Airbase Campus.
Methods of Research The researcher used the descriptive method of the research and the historical method of research since there was a need to use both to gather a more precise data. The descriptive method was used in the study. The descriptive technique approach was one that represented an attempt to provide an accurate description or picture of a particular situation or phenomena. This approach did not try to ferret out cause and effect relationship. As quoted from the book of Gaudencio V.
Aquino, it attempted to identify variables that existed between the variable. The descriptive method involved study factors or current conditions about the nature of a group of individuals or class of events, which included inductions, classifications, analysis, enumerations, or measurements. Respondents of the Study Since this study focus only for Aircraft Maintenance Technology students, the questionnaires given to the student are only given to students from 3rd and 4th year level of the course. The respondents are composed of female and male.
And with the Slovin’s formula we determine the number of respondents and we allow only 5% (five percent) errors though 2% (two percent) and 5% (five percent) are acceptable figure for error. N divided by the sum of 1 with the product of the total respondents and squared of the percent error. The Slovin’s Formula is: n=N/ (1+Ne2) Where: N is the total no. of population E is the percent error n is the computed sample population Data Gathering Instruments The main instrument used was the survey-questionnaire in this study. The contents of the questionnaire were made by the researchers.
Researchers prepared the questionnaire in proper form to accommodate sufficient and relevant information required from the respondents. The questionnaire is the instrument for gathering data in determining the profile of the respondents and the perception of the respondents in this study. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. Part I will aim to gather information about the demographic profile of the respondents such as age gender and their year level. Part II will determine the perception of the respondents in the related questions.
In the conduct of the research, the questionnaires will be randomly distributed to the respondents after the permit to conduct the study has been signed and data collection will follow. The result will be tallied and tabulated according to frequency of items answered by the respondents. After tabulation, results will be interpreted using various statistical tools. The results of the technique used in the data gathering helped the researchers to arrive at the interpretation of the study. For the analysis of data gathered, descriptive analyses such as weighted mean, percentage and frequency were used to present data.
The following formulas were necessarily used for the statistical treatment of the data gathered. The researcher utilized purposive sampling in obtaining. The data will be tallied, and tabulated to facilitate the presentation and interpretation of results using the statistical techniques. The statistical techniques that will be used in analyzing and interpreting the data and testing the hypotheses of the study include the following: The frequency was computed by acquiring the total number of the respondent’s responses for each item.
Percentage was gained by dividing the frequency score of each respondent then multiply by one hundred (100) to the total number of respondents. Percentage: P= [pic] X 100 Where: p = percentage f = frequency n = total number of respondents Weighted Arithmetic Mean Weighted mean is a formula used to determine the total summation of scores given by the respondents and will be translated using the Likert Scale. The formula is as follows: X= [pic] Where: X = Weighted mean f = Frequency x = Weight of the option For the better interpretation the following statistical techniques and method were employed.
The Likert- type scale was used providing a five-point scale to determine the level of the responses as follows: Table 1 LIKERT SCALE |UNIT WEIGHT |EQUIVALENT WEIGHTED MEAN |INTERPRETATION | |4 |3. 51-4. 0 |Strongly Agree | |3 |2. 51- 3. 50 |Agree | |2 | 1. 51 – 2. 50 |Disagree | |1 |1. 0 – 1. 50 |Strongly Disagree | Chi-square To test the hypothesis the Chi-square was used. Chi-square determined the significant difference on the perception of the respondents in the Aircraft Maintenance Technology and On-the-Job training of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics.
The Chi-square was computed using the formula: [pic]=[pic] Where: [pic]= Chi-square ?= Summation E=Expected Frequency O= Observed Frequency The decision criteria for Chi-square test: [pic] Tabulated > [pic] calculated accept the null hypothesis [pic]Tabulated < [pic] calculated reject the null hypothesis The degree of freedom is (df) used was 5 and the tabulated value at 0. 05 level was 12. 50 End Notes 1. Laurentia Paler – Calmorin and Melchor Calmorin (2007) Research Method and Thesis Writing and Thesis Writing 2nd Edition (pp. ) 2.
Castaneda, Nanalita Luistro, (2007) Preparedness of Aircraft Maintenance Technology Students of AirLink International Aviation College for On-the-Job Training in the Aviation Industry Paper. Philippine State College of Aeronautics, Piccio Garden Villamor, Pasay City (pp. 40-43) Chapter IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETAION OF DATA This chapter provides the tabular presentations, analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in this study. The data that has been collected were presented in the frequency table for analysis and interpretation in this chapter. 1.
Demographic Profile of the Respondents 1. 1 Sex Table 2 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE OF DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESPONDENTSACCORDING TO SEX. |Sex |Frequency |Percentage (%) | |Male |168 |89. 93% | |Female |19 |10. 16% | |Total |187 |100% | The table 2 shows, there are 187 respondents. Of this 187 number, there are 168 or 90% are male and the 19 or 10% are female. This means that the respondents are dominated by male. This is because PhilSCA is offering technical courses that are mostly preferred by males. 1. 2 Year Level Table 3 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE OF DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO THE YEAR LEVEL.
|Year level |Frequency |percentage | |3rd year |103 |55% | |4th year |84 |45% | |Total |187 |100% | The Table 3 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents according to year level. As shown in the table there are 103 or 55%, the most number of respondents came from 3rd year and 84 or 45% is 4th year. 2. Perception of the Students about On-the-Job Training and Curriculum 3. The perception of the respondents on the present Aircraft Maintenance Technology Curriculum: Table 4 FREQUENCY, PERCENTAGE OF DISTRIBURTION WEIGHT MEAN AND INTERPRETATION ON: Present Aircraft Maintenance Technology Curriculum.
| |3RD YEAR |4TH YEAR | | |SCALE |F |% |X | |Grand Weighted Mean |2. 98 |Agree |3. 06 |Agree | Table 4 shows that both 3rd Year and 4th Year had an interpretation of “agree” in the present curriculum of the Aircraft Maintenance Technology with the grand weighted mean of 2. 98 and 3. 06. The variables also had a weighted mean of 2. 87 and 2. 82 in the question does the school provide adequate technical skills in the laboratory which is interpreted as “agree”, the biggest frequency was 49 or 48% who answered agree while the lowest frequency was 7 or 7% answered disagree for the 3rd year.
While for the 4th year, 36 of them or 43% answered agree and the least answered disagree with 7 or 8%. In Providing basic knowledge and theories about the course the 3rd year and 4th year had a weighted mean of 3. 20 and 3. 31 respectively which is also interpreted as “agree”, whereas most of the 3rd year respondents answered agree with 66 frequencies or 64% while the least number answered disagree with 8 frequencies or 8%, in the 4th year, the most number of frequencies answered agree with 50 or 60% while the least answered disagree with 4 or 4%.
In Maximizing the technical skills of the students related to their specializations the 3rd year has a weighted mean of 2. 89 while the 4th year has 3. 07 with both interpreted as “agree”. The 3rd year respondents got the most frequencies answered agree with 55 or 53% while the least number of frequency answered disagree with 9 or 9%. In the 4th year, most of them answered agree with 41 or 49% while the least of them answered disagree with 3 or 3%. 4. The perception of the respondents in the inclusion of On-the-Job Training in the Aircraft Maintenance Technology Curriculum Table 5.
Inclusion of On-the-Job Training in the Aircraft Maintenance Technology | |3RD YEAR |4TH YEAR | | |SCALE |F |% |X | |Grand Weighted |3. 42 |Agree |3. 43 |Agree | |Mean | | | | | Table 5 illustrates that the 3rd year had a grand weighted mean of 3. 42 and the 4th year had 3. 43 which both interpreted as “agree” In the inclusion of On-the-Job Training in the Aircraft Maintenance Technology,. The 3rd year and 4th year respondents had a weighted mean of 3. 46 and 3. 44 which both is interpreted as “agree”.
On-the-job training is required by the companies in accordance of the civil aviation authority of the Philippines (CAAP). With 52 of the 3rd year respondents answered strongly agree or 50% while 1 of them answered disagree or 1%, while the 4th year respondents got the highest frequency with the answer as strongly agree with 42 frequencies or 50% and the least with 5 or 6% answered as disagree. The respondents also had an interpretation of “agree” if the inclusion of on-the-job training will provide channels for networking and linkages for purposes of future employment, with the 3rd year had a weighted mean of 3. 2.
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