In order to achieve an entrepreneurial success in the international business perspective has converted as a critical factor to the modern day marketers. It has been identified that awareness, knowledge, endurance, skill and the other aspects influence the entrepreneurship abilities and performances. As a result, the amount of success differs from different dependable factors and attributes (Acs et al. 2008). The lack of foreign market knowledge, limited employee resource, financial capitals and internal operational abilities can be considered as the major obstacle to the success of the international entrepreneurship. In contrast, a self-motivation and a prospective knowledge have been recognized as one of the major source of getting success in decision making process and performance enhancement for a business organization.
Considering the fact, the current study is attempted to examine the knowledge and the entrepreneurship skills that could help the entrepreneurs to make a successful business decision. In the opinion of Arzeni (2016), the entrepreneurs are searching for the opportunities that ascends due to the market resistance, indecision, technological development, and etc. to compete with the rival groups. The current study aims to define the practice of the international entrepreneurship and its nature for making an effective organisational decision. This study also outlines the facets of employing a best entrepreneurial behaviour so that the level of employee performances and firm competitiveness can be enhanced in the international business platform.
As per the opinion of the past researchers, entrepreneurship can be indicated as a crucial factor for developing the societal value. At the similar time, it has been recognised that entrepreneurs require a correct organisational environment to increase the employee performance in the challenging business situation. Along with a proper legal system, the skilled resource and economic system are also measured for the core constraint to success the business venture in the global marketplace (Casmir Chinaemerem et al. 2015). The core issue of effective decision making and a sustainable development in a business can be the rising disquiet of the entrepreneurs.
It has been examined that there are several firms who are struggling with the reasons of inefficient decision-making process. Thus, it is required to measure the value of the products in terms of the employee performance. The accretion of organizational process is helpful to determine the organisational resources and the capabilities of decision making approach within the firm (Crespi and Scellato, 2010). Therefore, a particular strategy is essential to evaluate the role of resources, competences, and activities of the internal firm for making a strategic decision and an improved employee performance within the organization.
It has been observed that there are three major barriers to the proper development of the entrepreneurial firms. The obstacles are deficiency of foreign market knowledge, inadequate human and financial resources, and intrinsic weaknesses in managerial activities (Fehr and Hishigsuren, 2009). There are several countries were developing the entrepreneurial proficiencies for an organisation can acquire a substantial public policy objective. It has been observed that the potential assistances of the entrepreneurs can bring a huge economic development within the organisation. It can also be a leading factor to inspire the employees for giving a high class performance. As a consequence, an effective decision making approach is required to support the firm in a significant way. Therefore, the current study is going to evaluate the significance of entrepreneurship to enhance the employee performance and organisational decision making method.
The problem statement of the current study is to identify the gap between the entrepreneurship and the organisational decision-making approach as well as active employee performance. It has been identified that in this regards, an efficient resource base, high professional capabilities, and internal firm surroundings are required to improve the organisational culture (Schoenecker and Cooper, 2010). The organisational and societal obscurities are the another factor to hindrance the performance of the employees (Chen et al. 2014). It has been assessed that lack of competent resources, active operational movements, and an inappropriate internal firm initiative could be the major issue to prevent the business success in the global marketplace (Piperopoulos and Dimov, 2015). Therefore, the current research is going to minimise the specific hurdles to improve the growth and development of the business case scenario.
The internal analysis of an organisation supports to make the differences in the process by framing several strategic initiatives in order to implement the current prospectus of an enterprise (Lee et al. 2016). It is a proven fact that the competences of an organization can be restrained through the process of employee integration, effective strategic decision, structuring the cooperation, product improvement, formulating the relationship, and advancement of the technology. According to the view of Eckhardt and Shane (2010), the resources of the organization can be categorized into two sub-categories named Tangible resources and Intangible resources. The tangible resources can be defined as the properties that can be felt, seen, touched, and calculated. Thus, the products, services, apparatus, industrial unit can be the other examples of tangible resources. However, the intangible resources can be defined as the assets, which are the base of the firm that cannot be physically challenged and felt (Dibb et al. 2010). Therefore, business copyright, trademark, patents, are the other examples of intangible resources within a firm. It has been observed that the role of the entrepreneurs can bring a strategic value to meet the requirements of the tangible and intangible resources of the organization. The capability of the organization could assimilate the anticipated outcome for improving the organisational efficiencies (Chen et al. 2014).
The current study aims to evaluate the entrepreneurial behaviours for achieving a high-class employee performance and an effective decision making approach to attain a business success in the global context. The study also emphasises on the roles and the managerial skills of a firm for improving the employee performance within the organisational workplace. The current study also focuses on the key perception and the hypothesis of the international entrepreneurship to improve the decision making approach of a firm. Furthermore, the study is also supportive to inspire the intellectual resources, hypothetical standpoints, and the practical activities in the context of international organisational entrepreneurship.
The research objectives of this study are as below:
The research questions of this study are as below:
H0: Resources, capabilities, internal firm conditions are required to make strategic decision, organised entrepreneurship and enhanced employee performance within an organisation
H1:Resources, capabilities, internal firm conditions do not require to make strategic decision, organised entrepreneurship and enhanced employee performance within an organisation
The current chapter evaluates the several previous literature concerning the significance of resources, capabilities, internal firm to make strategic decision, organised entrepreneurship and enhanced the employee performance within an organisation. In the current context, several past literatures have been scrutinised by the researcher to confirm the openness of the current chapter. In this research scenario, several strategies have been taken care off to comprehend the requirement of proficient workforce, organisational competences and the internal managerial actions. In this research context, different exertions have been introduced to assess the relationship between the resources, capabilities, internal firm conditions and organisational entrepreneurship to enhance the process of decision making and employee performance. Furthermore, a strategic recommendation has been given by the researcher in order to improve the current entrepreneurial approach so that the decision making approach and the employee performance within the organisation can be enhanced.
Passion for producing the high standards
It has been analysed that every organisation is passionate for generating a high standard of entertainment programs to inspire the employees and the individual production within the enterprise. Thus every organisation requires to appoint an active management with skilled and efficient leaders to receive the proprietorship and manufacturing right of the firm (Davidsson and Honig, 2009). The unfixed desire for the entertaining show has fortified the business tycoon to offer activities for the benefit of the employees. The societal acceptance is another big factor to impose a good code of conduct from the entrepreneurs. In this scenario, Clarke (2010) asserted that the organisational sustainability is the major factor to the entrepreneurs (Anselin et al. 2013). The presence of efficient resources has the firm in producing sustainability in order to achieve the competitive advantage (Brouthers et al. 2015). Moreover, the collaborative action of management, employees and the other business entities supports the firm to upgrade the credibility of an organisation (Vogt and Johnson, 2015).
Furthermore, it has been analysed that four experiential pointers that helps the firm to generate a prospective environment for the competitive advantage (Nakos et al 2014). As per the opinion of Chen (2007), there are several categories like assessment, independence, distinctiveness, and non-supernumerary to achieve the organisational competitive advantage (Brener et al. 2013). Therefore, the resources can be categorised as assets of a firm, whereas, knowledge, information, qualities can be referred as capabilities (Cadogan, 2009). In addition, the organizational functional and non-functional processes and set of activities can be referred as the internal condition to maintain the flow of decision-making approach (Stam, et al. 2014). Thus, the resource development can be beneficial for formulating the strategic plan in order to improve and enhance the employee performance of the organization (Baron and Henry, 2010). It can be inferred that the efficacy of the strategic plan assists to preserve its position in the event of extreme rivalry (Li et al. 2015).
In the current era majority of the organizations performs several energetic and indeterminate environments. Thus, the organizations have to be strategically conscious in order to attain the light of success. Considering the view of Audretsch (2009), the management of a firm requires to comprehend the changes happening in the competitive environment. It is required to look for the prospects to achieve the strategic abilities, adaptability and the scope of developments in every sector of the business. It has been identified that this type of initiative helps to build a mindfulness programme and comprehending the current strategies to get the success in the global marketplace. However, Lehner et al. (2015) argued that the organizations have to be competent to perform quickly in response to the opportunities and the obstacles. Therefore, the managers within the organisation need to accomplish a number of actions such as planning, implementing, monitoring, motivating, controlling and organizing the process work for the subordinates.
Self-governing is the self-determination decided between two entities to implement the people’s inspiration and by supporting new ideas from the organisational body (Bierwerth et al. 2015). In other disputes, this is important as it refers to several actions taken free of organizational restraints. Self-governing is a function to increase the degree of designation, classified structure and the proprietorship (Kollmann and Stöckmann, 2014). According to the view of Anderson and Schroeder (2010), organizational innovativeness fundamentally depends on the existing technologies or organizational products and services. It reproduces a firm’s propensity to involve in and encourage the new ideas, investigation, and creative procedures which can result in developing of new products, services, and the technological procedures (Arend, 2014).
Risk taking is the point to which the workers get will force to create an enormous and unsafe supply assurances (Roy, 2013). The entrepreneurial alignment is based on the degree to which the organizations can inspire a high-risk project for not having the constraints in the case of either resources or returns (Anderson, 2010). It is also able to accept expensive disappointments rather than expressing into only developing and trusted project.
Pro-activeness transmits to the process that a firm snatches the market prospects and performances positively on the products, services, processes and technologies (Kaplan et al. 2013). It replicates the organizational propensity to lead instead of being a supporter. In this regards, Barney and Voisin (2009) cited that the internal environment and the organizational structure, culture can ensure an active communication process between the management and the employees (Bilmes et al. 2014). Therefore, this type of networking system is help to increase the knowledge base and the level of acquaintance for the entrepreneurial coordination.
Investigating the challenges faced by the entrepreneurs while making a strategic decision within the organisation
Being the visionary
It is required to come up with the innovative ideas for enhancing the business growth being a founder of the business. Considering the opinion of Baker and Hart (2011), it is expected while a competitor develops; it would be the accountability to derive a response strategy. The organisational team hits an impassable obstacle, so that the job would be came up with a substitute plan to move onward (Schütze, 2016). This stresses of creative thinking could be an opportunity to the firm, however, the entrepreneurs infrequently have the extravagance of time. The less involvement from the organisational body could be the reason for facing extra pressure from the outsider to execute the satisfactory plan (McKeown and Thomas, 2013).
Corruption
Several entrepreneurs have faced a higher grade of corruption amongst the organisational employees of a private sector. According to the opinion of Ayanwale et al.(2011), it is the entrepreneur’s’ choice to deal with the corruption in a strategic way. However, some industrialists have engaged the challenging path and have frolicked it by the paperback. Thus, this is a vital obstacle for the entrepreneurs while making strategic decision for the organisation. Adding to this, Anderson (2011) cited that there are many entrepreneurs who have selected the intermediate path in order to fight with corruption in some basic occurrences and a fervently against it and prospered. However, there are also some unsafe entrepreneurs who employ own access to the corrupt administrators as a rivalry edge. As a result, this type of practices does not help to bring long-run success while making strategic decision for the organisation.
Lack of engineering competence within the firm has been credited to enflamed and corruption, but the low efficiency of labour is also a big factor. In the initial days, the organisation of the U.S. and Western Europe has established manufacturing facilities in order to improve the working efficacy (Bennett and Berry, 2014). Consequently, the workers in these countries has been found as more productive. The high population growth and a high economic growth is also responsible to improve the labour efficiency. In addition, hiring right talent for making a potential business team can also be good venture for the organisation. In order to make a strategic decision employing right set of candidate is highly essential for the business entrepreneurs.
It is also significant for the business unit to create a brand recognition without devouring access to the big marketing budget. Therefore, it is a constant problem to the business entrepreneurs. According to the view of Berry (2007), this is also indispensable to measure the efficacy of each rupee, which, have been spent on the advertising in contradiction of a perceptible limits. The business head requires attempting the box solutions such as co-partnering with the other new business units and depends on a social media in order to create a buzz about the products and services.
It can be correctly supposed that there is no gain if an organisation does not suffer from any type of pain. The entrepreneur has to move for minimising several stresses, whether, it is associated to the business and family. It has been identified that it can be execute fruitfully, if the business requires to be established as a robust and calm way. It has been identified that business venture and the entrepreneur experiences the daily stress during the making of strategic planning for the development of the organisation.
It is not compulsory that every impression of the adopted projects would work smoothly. According to the opinion of Bettman et al.(2008), hurling of new products and ascending the new markets derives the concept of failing fast. It is a proven fact that if the business entrepreneurs are trying to incorporate a lot of new things, it is not that every plan would be abortive and not complete with the given ideas. In the words of Biggadike (2010), the biggest challenge of the entrepreneurs is facing the fear of disappointment. It is extremely significant to have a non-shattering confidence in the vision, mission and object of the firm in order to fulfil the organisational goals with the same persistence. The entrepreneurs need to employ that thinking that is everything is possible in order to remove the chances of fear so that the strong self-belief can be enhanced to take strategic decision for the benefit of the organisation.
Assessing the relationship between the resources, capabilities, internal firm conditions and organisational entrepreneurship to enhance the process of decision making and employee performance
Several past literatures have exposed the substantial relations amongst the administrative capitals. It also demonstrates competences, structures and the competitive advantage (Blowman, 2010). The organisational capabilities are a dynamic component in the associations amongst the organisational resources and competitive advantage. It has been identified that the level of organisational competences is also important to enhance the resource elements while attaining the competitive advantage. Thus, an organisational resource, competences and structures need to be conceptualised in order to explain the significant declaration level of competitive advantage within the organisation (Bottger and Yetton, 2007). Thus, a review of the pats hypothesis has been derived in order to meet the perception of the organisational competitive advantage and the other organisational variables like organisational resources, capabilities and structures.
The resource-based view (RBV) of an organisation forecasts that convinced styles of resources possessed and measured by the management of the firms who have the prospective and potential capacity to generate a competitive advantage. This is eventually leads to the greater organisational performance (Chamberlin, 2007). On the other hand, as per the examination of Cosant (2012), the financial and intangible resources, such as reputational, regulatory, positional, functional, social and cultural needs to be evaluated. Apart from this categories of resources Craven (2014) stated that a human resources and the intangible resources are believed to be the more significant and precarious ones in terms of attaining and supporting a competitive advantage position. According to the view of De Brentani (2012), the appreciated but also hard-to-copy, the other types of perceptible resources like physical and financial. In short, theoretically and empirically, the resources are the basic foundation for achieving and satisfying the competitive advantage of the organisation. Moreover, it is also beneficial to improve the organisational performance.
Adding to this, Dowling (2012) mentioned that the financial resources like cash-in-hand, bank credits, savings and the financial capital that is stocks and shares is also helpful in order to clarify the level of organisational competitive advantage and performance. Thus, the empirical resources like the product standing, engineering experience and the brand name can be accountable for the variation in enhancing the organisational competitive advantage and the level of employee performance.
There are several part literatures that indicates that there is an important relationship between the competences and reasonable advantage (Bettman et al. 2008). The capabilities are also considered as the internal activity, employee skills and the collective learning process to improve the level of core capabilities and the resource development competence. Additionally, it is also an organisational integration and the process of strategic decision making in order to improve the process of product development, relationship-building and informational and technical capabilities (Berry, 2007). In the other words, the outstanding strategic industrial practices and strategic assimilation, arrangement of the resources and capabilities help the firm to attain a competitive advantage and the level of better performance (Ayanwale et al. 2011). Therefore, it can be stated that the organisational capabilities are definitely an important component while making the organisational strategy (Anderson and Schroeder, 2010). Therefore, it is a vital component to achieve an organisational competitive advantage and good performance.
For this specific research approach, a significant consideration needs to be specified to the level of the competences from the standpoint of knowledge, ability and capability. In the view of Anderson (2011), the main fundamentals of this concept can be derived into informational, product-development and relationship building. The preceding studies have demonstrated that there is a substantial relationship between the informational competences and competitive advantage within the organisations, where an informational capability can be measured in terms of human resource training programmes (Rosenbusch, 2013). On the other hand, the research has also identified that there is a substantial relationship between the process of product-development competences and the competitive advantage in organisations, where the process of product-development capabilities can be measured in terms of the process of research and development ability. Furthermore, the adoption of new approaches in the industrial process and the product promotional and marketing activity can also be enhanced (Baker and Hart, 2011). Therefore, as per the study, it can be inferred that there is substantial relationship between the organisations, entrepreneurs, organisational resources, level of capability and the internal activities of a firm. The relationship-building competences and inexpensive advantage can be measured in terms of the networking and relationship between the business organisations and the suppliers, wholesalers, customers and the other business entities.
The detection of competitive advantage is certainly an impression that is at the emotion of the strategic administration works. As per the view of Barney and Voison (2009), the understanding foundations of a sustained modest improvement has developing as a foremost area of the strategic management plan. The resource-based view specifies that in the case of strategic management, the essential foundations and key drivers of firm is to make a competitive advantage. The level of superior enactment is mainly accompanied with the qualities of the resources and capabilities, which are both valued and costly-to-copy (Bettman et al. 2014). Moreover, other studies sustains that the importance of consuming a good strategy is helpful to attain the level of competitive advantage from this specific resource-based view. A well-formulated and applied strategy can apply a substantial outcome in attaining a level of competitive advantage (Blowman, 2010). Therefore, the level of resource-based view is beneficial to deliver possibility for the organisations in order to join the plan and execute the administrative strategy by scrutinising the point of the internal properties.
Recommendation to improve the current entrepreneurial approach for enhancing the decision making approach and the employee performance within the organisation
Studies have been conducted and widespread research has been done to establish the kind of entrepreneurial leadership that is best for the growth and development of a firm. It has been widely accepted that an organisation has the best opportunity to grow when there is a democratic entrepreneur at the help of the organisation. When the leadership adopts a liberal outlook, fresh and creative ideas are accessed via the employees. They are incorporated within the organisational framework of the firm for its betterment. A democratic leadership allows the employees to freely express their opinions regarding any and every decision-making policy of the organisation and there remains a strong possibility that their inputs may be beneficial to the firm when incorporated within the plan of action (Chirico and Bau, 2014). The employees work at the grassroot levels and have technical knowledge about the organisational framework as well as the working of the firm. Due to this, the employees’ creative ideas are useful when incorporated into the initiatives and plans of the organisation and they help in smoother and implementation of these plans (Miller et al. 2014). In addition to this positive effect of having a liberal leadership in an organisation, it is also observed that the employees feel more involved in the working of the organisation when the organisation has a democratic form of leadership. When the employees’ creative ideas and inputs are taken into account regularly by the leadership of the organisation, they feel that their ideas and inputs matter to the company. When the employees’ ideas and inputs are incorporated within the company policy and it helps the company, they feel that they are more a part of the organisation rather than just a paid worker. As a result of this, individual employee productivity as well as employee retention increases. However, the actual gain that the organisation has from adopting a liberal form of leadership, the true genius of this kind of leadership is the decision making incentive that gets imbibed into the minds of the employees. When the employees are asked for their creative inputs and ideas by the firm regularly, they are put in a decision-making position, i.e, they need to instantly evaluate what is best for the growth of the organisation and in what precise way that needs to be implemented in order to guarantee the smooth running of the company. When the employees are consistently put into decision-making situations, their decision-making skills improve. Additionally, this form of organisational leadership encourages the employees to function independently.
There are various ideas that are employed by the leadership of an organisation to enhance the performance of an employee. These include training, motivating, promoting voluntary participation, organising entertainment programmes, implementing team-building exercises, employee exposure to decision making-situation and granting creative freedom and so on with regard to the employees. Enhancing employee performance is a supremely important aspect for the growth and smooth running of an organisation as it increases individual productivity, which leads to the growth in overall productivity of the firm. This also leads to cost cutting for the organisation as they have to employ lesser candidates for the same amount of work. Organising voluntary team building exercises includes organising various campaigns for the social and environmental upliftment of the area in which the organisation primarily functions in or the location in which the headquarters of the organisation is situated. When an organisation takes the initiative to organise these voluntary team-building exercises, it helps the employees to better function as a team. It decreases competition among employees and increases cooperation. It also provides the employees with one another. The employees feel that they are a part of a family and this increases the overall productivity of the company. Training an employee of an organisation in the field in which such employee primarily functions, improves that employee’s performance. The employees need to be kept motivated at all times so that they feel that their contribution to the organisation matters. Organising entertainment programmes for the employees also plays an important role in enhancing the performance of the employees. It is an well known maxim that, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”.
The flow-chart shows how the decision making skills and performance of the employees are enhanced by a liberal entrepreneur and team-building exercises, entertainment programs and motivating the employees, which in turn enhances the productivity and performance of the organisation. This results in the growth and development of the firm. Employee performance and productivity is directly proportional to the mental health of the employee as well as such employee’s motivation levels. Decision-making skills within an organization improve when there are more brains adding creative inputs rather that an autocratic leadership at the help of the organization.
Every nation is under rational competition of achieving a status quo of a development. United Kingdom considered being a developing nation and a diverse land of opportunities for exponential growth. The offerings provided by Jordan have influenced ample business personalities, entrepreneur, over a specific time. Entrepreneurship has influenced the global economy with a responsibility of proper employment generation. The nations particularly the developing nations like Jordan have been sighted concentrating their efforts significantly to improve and preserve the entrepreneurs. In return, the nations have derived significant and ample benefits from the entrepreneurs. A constant approach has led the Jordan in attaining a strong foothold on the global forum. They have benefited through high employment rates, higher per capita income, increase in overall total gross domestic production, better standard of living.
A proper planning of events is indispensable in order to achieve a sustainable growth scenario. A proper allocation of resources, a fixed span of time, assuring proper utilisation of allocated resources, necessary distribution of the allocated resources according to needs, Exact use of excess resources are some the areas considered for resource planning. None of the events used for a resource planning measurement shall be considered. Resource planning is done according to the need of the project or the research undertaken. Under any given circumstances, the implementer cannot avoid the measurements or the parameters of the resource-planning program. Sincere collection of data, analysis of data, scrutiny of the data, arguments considering the benefits and the harms to the considered data is followed in nations of Jordan, which lead to the sustainable growth. The confined hindrances that are faced can be exactly overcomed through a unique and specific use of resource planning. The resources allocation needs to be as specific as to avoid further depletion of resources. Resource planning is considered to be an integral part for the development and the exponential transition of any economy. The nation discussed in the context of the entire research work supports and has been sighted to execute proper dimensions and parameters of resource planning. The adverse effects of inappropriate resource planning bear serious consequences, which willingly has to accepted. An inappropriate resource planning may lead to a crestfallen economic scenario which any nation will surely have to avoid for its own bright future. To ascertain a proper funnel for a long-term development one has to assure the full capabilities on the perspective of resource planning. It has been sighted in the research work that Jordan has always considered resource planning as an efficient tool for motivating and influencing entrepreneurship capabilities within its domestic barriers. The resulted are depicted to be positive and a correct path of sustainable growth and development is achievable by the procedure of positive entrepreneurship.
The capabilities of a developing nation are always considered to be a assuring a perfect and sustainable growth scenario. The scenario of development in a developing nation like Jordan Is considered to be ideal and the benchmark for the other developing, under developing , the third world nations(Hams, R 2015). A nation has to work to its full potential to meet the productivity expectations when projected globally. To judge its potential, a nation is bound to have an exact, accurate and precise idea of its capabilities. If the capabilities are not taken into account and are not assessed properly than it is impossible for a nation to act and deliver to its productivity expectations. It can be confirmed that if one dares to set the productivity expectations without crisp idea of its capabilities then destruction or downfall is inevitable. Capability of nation includes the natural resources available, workforce that can be used for productivity (skilled and unskilled both of types of labors needs to be taken into consideration). Geographical and climatic condition of the country, the areas of focus, laws and policies undertaken and formulated by the government, national and international frameworks which binds the nation, literacy rate prevailing as of the day, net gross domestic produced as of day, average standard of living, average per capita income. All the above-mentioned factors that determine the ways and thought process will judge the productivity. A accurate consideration of the capabilities can assure and assist to meet the productivity expectations and confirm a sustainable growth involving appropriate entrepreneurship.
Discussing about the a proper scenario of sustainable growth involving entrepreneurship for a developing nation like Jordan leads to the very important area of focus, internal firm conditions. A n economy is wholly or partially dependent upon the entrepreneurs involved. The firm conditions give an abrupt idea about the nature of the entire working scenario. The internal firm condition depicts an overview of the working environment. Approach of the employees to their assigned duties, the individual performance of the employees, mutual feeling among the individual working in the organization, approach of the employees towards the organisation they are working for, expectations of the organisation from the individuals or from the entire group responsible for productivity, environment of the workplace. Sincere consideration of all the factors discussed briefly above will determine the out sketch of internal firm conditions. A thorough follow up of the conditions is always desired after the assessment and analysis of the factors. It will assure a positive approach of work within the internal boundaries of a firm. A healthy productivity can be expected only if the individuals are exposed to a positive working environment and internal firm conditions.
Success rate of an entire nation can be derived from the success rates achieved by the firms involved. As an entrepreneur needs the support of an economy, the economy on the other hand is depended on the productivity of the entrepreneurs for obtaining the expected gross national production. So, this can be concluded to be mutually dependent factors, where both are responsible for the progression of an entire economy. A smooth running of all the above mentioned factors will lead to an increase in success rates. Repeated scrutiny and thorough follow ups and proper amendments with periodic intervals will also determine the success rate. A high success rate is expected and will only be delivered with the proper implementation of the proposed methods. In a nation like Jordan, there is an urgency of a proper resource planning, assessment of capabilities, assessment of firm condition and exact implementation of the policies taken and laws formulated. This will assure higher and sustainable success rates and a prosperous future for entire nation.
In order to conduct the research, a research methodology delivers the rational supervision to the researcher. The present chapter highlights the essential investigation method, which can be considered while conducting the research project. The research methods have been absorbed to comportment the several research processes. In addition, the justifications for each component have been delivered to assess the excellence of the particular research method. A set of various research methods, propositions of various journalists and scholars have been considered in order to associate and divergence during the research study. Therefore, this chapter is helpful to highlight the environment and type of examination while selecting the research data, data collection and sampling process. The ethical considerations, research limitations and timescale have also been highlighted at the end of this chapter.
The research proposal underlines the designated research limits. In this research study, positivism philosophy, deductive research approach and descriptive research design have been taken care of by the rescuer. The assortments of the constraints have helped the researcher to evaluate every aspect of the study. In contrast, the qualitative data has been collected from the distinct level. Moreover, it is known through the secondary data that the entrepreneur and the firm has become have become more like a common phenomenon that have promoted the researcher to comprehend the customers’ perception regarding the organisational competitive advantage. In order to preserve the legitimacy of data, ethical considerations have been firmly deliberated. It is through secondary data that shows in brief achievement of fine result, philosophy that is positive and approach that is deductive in approach. The secondary data has stated that to undergo business and ensure growth and development of the firm the entrepreneur has to come up with a strategy to unite all the three process that is proper acquisition of fund and proper implementation of capital and proper planning framework that will lead the business to succeed.
The research philosophy can be categorized into three classes, which are epistemology, axiology, and ontology (Maistrenko, 2015). Philosophy emphases on the obtain ability of a satisfactory awareness within the research field. The ontology philosophy is regarding the certainty aspects that are helpful to impact on the project key assumptions taken by the researchers while performing several research actions. On the other hand, axiology philosophy underlines on the social events, which can be measured to develop the assumptions. Additionally, the epistemology philosophy can be categorised into three categories like positivism, realism, and interpretive philosophy (Freshwater, 2007). Positivism philosophy deals with the assessment of numerous research situations through adopting a scientific method, whereas, the realism philosophy reflects an authentic information regarding the current study. The revelatory philosophy deliberates the replies of various human beings, which can be helpful to sustenance through the entire data appraisal procedure.
The current research study focuses on the analysis for better store operations management process in order to improve the overall performance of Tesco in the Jordan Market. In this context, several real life facts have been evaluated to derive the conclusion. Thus, a scientific approach has been followed which is best supported by using positivism philosophy. As viewed by Fallman (2008), a scientific research approach can be best to evaluate and support the research theory by using positivism philosophy. Thus, positivism philosophy also considered to evaluate the problem statement concerning the research study. Adding to it, the present research study, has evaluated quantitative data, to address the research objectives. Thus, positivism philosophy is considered appropriate in conducting the research study.
As per the view of Hirsh (2008), the research approaches can be divided into two different categories, which are as inductive research approach and deductive research approach. Inductive research approach intends to develop new philosophies on a specific investigation. As a result, it is less reconnoitred. However, Chen (2014) mentioned that inductive research approach monitors a staircase type approach that can conduct the entire research processes. In contrast, in the opinion of Sekaran and Bougie (2013), the deductive research approach deliberates the testing of accessible theories with a practical example, rather than the growth and expansion of new hypothesis. Therefore, the research approach can be considered deductive for the conducting the current study.
In order to determine the organisational competitive advantage, entrepreneurial behaviour, strategic goals, internal ability and the level of employee performance could able to make impact on the inclinations of the customers. Considering the opinion of Brian’s et al.(2010), the earlier literature has been assessed first in order to institute a theoretical platform. Therefore, the key data assessment process has been selected by the investigator to assess the developing research theories. Therefore, the whole research approach is comparable to the waterfall model, which, is extremely reinforced by following the deductive research approach (Lim and Ting, 2013). A deductive research approach is prospective to confirm the proper application of the waterfall model during the time of operating all the research activities (Foss, 2009). In contrast, the study aims to examine the efficacy of the entrepreneurial action and effectiveness of the organisational resources in order to increase the advantage of level of organisational competitiveness. On the other hand, there is a possibility for theory testing approach that is followed during the time of conducting the operational activity for the current research. Therefore, deductive research approach has been deliberated suitably for the current study.
Research design can be categorised into three classes, which are exploratory, explanatory, and descriptive. According to the opinion of Beltaos et al.(2012), exploratory research design and the explanatory research design can be required when there is a minimal data resources. These research design is also helpful in collecting the relevant contextual information, in order to clarify the theoretical terms related to the research problem and the research objectives. Conversely, the descriptive research design highlights the approach of assessing the problem statements of the current research by making a range of research situations. Therefore, a descriptive research design can be followed in this current study.
Determining the employee effectiveness, organisational level of competency, the internal activity has been analysed in this study in order to improve the organisational performance and entrepreneurial involvement. Subsequently, descriptive research design empowers to evaluate a range of research theories that can be applicable to the research domain. It has been identified that this types of initiatives can be useful in the event of current study. Considering the view of Maistrenko (2015), a descriptive research design is able to inspire the researcher to search for an exact solution with the numerous questions that is depended on the current research aspects. Thus, a similar research approach has been absorbed, as the researcher has tried to keep a number of research questions and objectives. Due to having this type resemblance with the current research context, the descriptive research design has been taken in the current study.
In order to, described entrepreneurship and the effects that it has are that to enhance a business there is proper implementation. Plan need that will lead to development of the organization so to put forward the strategy first thing must be concentrated on balance sheet that will reflect previous year statement in order to find statistics and figure that will prove useful for growth of business. Second thing that must be focused on is profit and loss statement that can be used to find the product that promoted huge sale previous year. Third thing that must be focused on is inventory records this acts secondary market research and focuses many stats and figure. The last thing that must be focused on sales figure this will help the company to enhance by analyzing previous year sales figure.
The data has been collected from the books and journal, it is secondary data, qualitative data had been gathered from it that is useful to organization, and finding out briefly about the different books provides brief details about the steps that an organization must take to succeed. The steps mentioned by the authors to enhance in business are related to the resources that must considered such as financial capital and other reason like capabilities and internal firm conditions. The data collected here are through participants observation and interviews data are found that are analyzed by themes from description from informants or the authors that have written books and journals.
Data is the basic input to any decision making process in business, having a proper and a brief data helps the business in a way such as it helps the business in looking at the setback that it possessing and shows the reason behind the success of the organization. The purpose is to obtain information and keeping a record of it that in turn will act as a decision making tool. The role of the data is to show the issues and pass on the information to others. Looking into the data type there are two types of data primary and secondary. Primary data is a data that have to be researched and the it is expensive in nature whereas secondary data is something that does not carry with itself any expenses as data are already given in the form of book and journals. The focus here is on secondary data that shows the points that must be focused on in order to enhance the performance of the organization.
Secondary data theme has been used as a tool to enhance data on the entrepreneurship. The secondary data that have been used are all taken by respective author working basically on entrepreneurial field. Therefore the themes that has been used as the tools are the author’s observation regarding entrepreneurship and in a way to enhance the business. To enhance the business, the authors have highlighted the most common factors that acts as a tool for the company. Financial resources does not only relate to financial capital but other aspects that are nine in form for example spiritual, cultural, experimental, land capital, etc. other then the finance part the secondary data also related to internal firm condition and statistics that can be used as a tool to enhance business.
Considering the two methods primary and secondary it is totally based on secondary method it has been taken on random sampling. It has been taken to show about the type of steps that must be taken in order to achieve success in development of an business. The secondary data mainly focuses on three aspects that is financial capital, internal firm condition in strategic decision and capabilities of an entrepreneur to enhance the business.
Sample size is the determination of number of journals, books, updated articles and paperwork considered for a secondary research work. In case of primary research work it is the determination of number of surveys and interviews conducted during the research work. Here we are considering the secondary research worksample size analysis. Here 92 samples have been acknowledged which include both journals and books. These help in highlighting the role of the firm conditions, capabilities and firm resources in enhancing the performance of the entrepreneurship organization.
Here inclusive sample technique is applied for determining the sample size. It is the sampling probability of an element or member; it’s the probability of becoming part of the sample during the drawing of the single sample. It is a convenient method for determining the sample size. It is a secondary method where all recent and updated versions of journals and articles are evaluated.
The researcher, during the course of the research work has been through certain issues related to accessibility. Such as the use of new analytical methods for evaluation, tackle new questions, to ask for author’s consent to reuse the data. Generally during such research work the author is not comfortable enough to sharing his data. There also certain methodological problems related to this. The research could go in vain if the researcher is not aware of the possible errors that could arise as a result of ill supply of the details of the data. High quality data are also costly to collect, organise and store in an accessible form. In addition documentation may be also required for additional work. To overcome such issues authorization is needed for to use the sources of data. In addition there is need to properly, analyse the whole data in a more organized way. Steps are taken to ensure that interpretations of data are valid through encouraging multiple methodologies, demonstrate respect for research subjects through accurate interpretations of their behavior.
While conducting a research it is required to make a balance between the pros and cons. This is the most important step in ethical practices. The design and the way a research is being carried out is a creative effort. Hence, sometimes a question could arise for a secondary analyst that is why the analyst should be benefited by someone else’s work. If the data is being used at a later date then this would seem to create a harm without counterbalancing with the benefits. This would be held true if the original data sources are not cited. This may lead to a negative impact on the future on research work opportunities. Hence, it is of immense importance to consider the authors and give them their due credibility. And cite them for their previous research works.
The sources of the study is limited or restricted due to shortage of time. Another important factor that restricted the research work is the financial support. The research work would have been in a enormous way if the time schedule would have been enlarged and if there would have been a financial support.
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This particular chapter deals with graphical representation of the chosen themes to analyse accumulated data from secondary sources. Four themes have been considered in complying with research aim and objectives keeping the rationale of the study in mind. Graphical, tabular representation of data has been given below using table and charts.
Organisational resource contributes towards performance
Organisational capabilities helps in strategic decision making
Internal firm condition influences decision-making
Resource, capabilities and internal firm condition collaboratively enhances performances
Theme 1
The discussion can be made first on different forms of financial resources that nine in numbers such as financial, land capital, spiritual capital social capital, cultural capital this are most important financial resources that a entrepreneur must consider to ensure that the organization runs successfully (Chirico and Bau, 2014 ). In order to run a business financial capital is must and to ensure that there is a constant flow of capital in a firm the entrepreneur should make use of these resources. Considering the first and foremost resources that is most common and must be concentrated on and plays a crucial role is financial capital, So to say it financial capital is generally known as the saved up wealth that is used to start or maintain the business (Alegre and Chiva, 2013). To describe and express the benefits that can be derived from financial capital is that the capital can be reserved for provision for bad debt. Other than that the capital can used to help the labour in a way such as introduction of machinery or technology that will help the labour in a way such as their work will be minimized and the firm will enhance.
The proper management of the team helps in proper enhancing of the business activity. Moreover, this helps in achieving of proper set goals by the organisation. In order to better working of the business a proper performance in the management helps in obtaining the work properly. This helps in proper planning of the organisation in a effective manner. It is required to help to achieve the set goal. The proper management helps to work properly and set for the proper efficiency of the organisation. Moreover, it increases the profit of the organization as well as maintains a proper competition in the competitive market. Performance management creates for engaging the nonprofit of the different stakeholders. The stakeholders can understand the importance of the performance management. This is beneficial for the community of getting back the services and products performed by the organisation. Moreover, the performance comes with employee proper working and as well as the higher authority of the management. The stakeholders get the proper understanding of the reason and the existing of the organisation. Meanwhile, the performance management can creates a proper planning of the set goal. Proper identification of the service comes with the performance from the management. It also helps in making of proper collection of data (Dimitratos, 2014). This data creates a high order of decision taken from the management. The important of the organisation can achieve high rate of competition depending upon the competitiveness. It also creates a high contribution towards the proper working of the organisation (Rice et al. 2015). Depending upon the company mission and vision and as well as the goals. Company tries to take the talent as well as the skills of the employee for the better working of the company. Performance management tries to implement for the proper working of the organisation. In order to set the proper goal as well as proper development leads the proper strategic planning. It also helps in making of proper duty for performing better working for uplifting of the company. Moreover, the performance appraisal can help the company as well the better working of the employee.
Theme 2
There are several factors that capital that affects the strategy formulation in a business. The strategy formulation plays a crucial role in development of business. Business largely depends on the plans. Introducing new plans will automatically help the firm to increase its growth as there will be new policy formed that will attract the employees to perform well that in turn will attract more customer and help the business to increase (Toft-Kehler et al. 2014). The organization goal must be clear to garb more and more customer as grabbing more customers will only do good to a business to say it will help the organization to expand its business throughout the area or even countries both bilateral and unilateral. Strategic decisions should not be allowed to get the information paralysed. Always the objective is to be set. Contingency plans always make sense. Implementation of plans without a viable decision decreases the productivity of the organization. Thus, the best way for entrepreneurs is to map out an implementation plan. Innovative ideas lead to better performance (Bloodgood et al. 2014). Improving performance always depends on strategic workout. The degree of enhancement is measurable by examining the internal firm situations and capabilities. Performance goals should be setup to achieve the future goals. Measurement of performance against these metrics should commence. The basic concept is to articulate performance in a more enhanced manner. Procurement efforts should be made. Quality assurance plans are also put forward.
Theme 3
There exists several internal and external factors that influences the decision making policy within an organization (Miller et al. 2015). An organization consists of various factors that tend to have an intermediate or direct effect on the operations of the business. They includes the economic dimension of the organization, technological dimensions, socio-cultural dimension, political & legal dimension and other factors. The conditions or the factors that exists within an organization comprises of the internal factors that influences the performance metrics of the organization (Djupdal and Westhead, 2015). They include the various stakeholders of the organization like the owners of the business, the board of directors, the employees of the organization and the organizational cultural. The owners of the business are the major stakeholders sand hold the property rights and claims on the organization (Gerasymenko, 2015). They have the authority to amend the policies of the company at any time they deems fit. This tends to have a great impact on the organization’s operations and its performance in the market. The Board of directors of an organization is the primary stakeholders of an organization and governs the activities within an organization. They are responsible for the firm’s operations and its performance in the market. They hold the decision making authority of the organization that determines the current and the future position of the organization in the market. Next comes the employees of the organization. Employees are the most important element within an organization. They are responsible for carrying out the operations of a business and implement the decisions taken by the Board of directors of the company. It is very important for an organization to have a positive workforce, which will result in better implementation of the decisions and thus improving the performance of the organization. The organizational culture that exists within a firm tends to have a significant effect on its performance (Sciascia, et al. 2014). The organizational culture can be referred as the collective behaviour of the member of the organization and their attitude towards the organization. The view, beliefs and the visions of the members helps in shaping the organizational structure and plays an important role in determining the organizational performance.
Thus, it is evident that, the factors mentioned above helps to determine the way the organization is governed. Proper implementation of these factors will help an organization to identify key issues within an organization that may hinders the performance of the organization. The organization must be able to recognize these threats and take proper steps in order to eliminate them.
Theme 4
A business organisations primary point of focus is to derive the maximum productivity desired with respect to their resources. Work environment and employee motivation is an undue part of such an approach. The productivity output is directly related to the desired orientation of the ways the business organisation approaches to the group of individuals working under the banner of the business organisation. The work environment has been a significant part of such an approach. Work environment is based upon the factors, which includes numerous dimensions and variables such as the working environment of the individuals of the business organisation, nature of approach of the business organisation to its employees, mutual felling or bonding the employees share within each other, nature of work approach to the organisation (Kollmann and Stöckmann, 2014). The accessibility of the employees to their superiors is also an integral part as it significantly determines the work nature. The bridge of communication has to be free of loopholes and the entire bridge needs to scrutinised on a regular basis. The area of communication should be considered an for an improved production scenario. The employees should be provided with appropriate technical knowledge, regular training program, self-assessment guideline, areas to improve (Eesley et al. 2015). A positive motivation needs to be given to the individuals working in the business organisation. This can be achieved with continuous interaction between the employees and their superiors, proper motivational speeches, arrangement for refreshments, parties so that a strong built bond can be maintained. A positive working environment can be assured through rigorous communication between the employees and the managers (Wolfe et al. 2015). A positive working environment is expected for a higher productivity. An improve productivity of a business organisation directly or indirectly contributes to the improvement of the entire state of considered. The amount of the effort required to improve the skills of communication will be reduced if the motivational measures are followed. The entire workflow is depended upon the motivational measures, the points of communication needs to be flooded with specific intentions of development and growth. The growth of an organisation depends upon the simultaneous correlation of the ethical and professional approaches that exists between both the parties. The Work environment should be driven by positive approach of work (Alegre and Chiva, 2013). The intention of either parties should be to generation of a work friendly environment so that their can be a free flowing line of acute productivity. The environment of the positive workplace will always help the organisation to generate maximum productivity so that the maximum output can be extracted. The employees should never have the feeling of lonely or the should not feel separated from the entire team. Designated concerned person should take active part in enquiring and solving the problems of individuals, making them approachable to the entire team. Small issues or areas of conflict should not be overlooked and should be dealt with immediate action.
Conclusions and Recommendations
In lieu of the above study, attempts have been made to analyse and put forward a detailed discussion on the impact of firm’s resources, internal control and organizational entrepreneurship on the organization’s decision making policy and its performance. It is evident from the study that in order to achieve entrepreneurial success, an organization must be able to efficiently use its financial and other resources, exploit the skills and capabilities of the manpower resources and make a collective effort to bring this together in order to enhance the organization’s performance. In addition to that, attempts have also been made to put forward the opinions and view of various researchers and authors regarding the organizational entrepreneurship and the various factors that influences its strategic decision making and its performance. It depicts analysis of the entire scenario considering the factors discussed in the entire research work the depicted scenario. The findings in the research work have been analyzed from each perspectives so that the study is conclusive. A thematic analysis is also presented in the above study to describe and analyze the findings of the research. They includes the contribution of organizational resources towards its performance, the organizational capabilities that helps in strategic decision making process, the influence of internal control on the decision making policy and collaboration of these factors to enhance the organization’s performance (McKeown et al. 2013). In context to the above study it can be concluded that, among several factors that affects success of organizational entrepreneurship, it is greatly influenced by the resources of the firm, the organizational capabilities and the internal control of the firm. Language barrier must be removed that will reduce the intercultural barriers. As people from different countries face problem regarding languages and other aspects such as sometime the workers or other employees sound rude due to the tone they possess but later on it is found that it is the kind of language they generally use so that can be overcome by properly implementing management system. There is acute relation between the factors relating to the productivity.
It is due to the common problem, such as downfall in capital no proper strategy, no proper working condition. The firm falls so to avoid that the firm must take some steps such as secondary plan must be formulated such as the organization must keep its money as a insurance that will act as a backbone to the company in future. The firm must make its employees secure about the working condition as this factor plays a crucial role regarding the development of an organization. Another thing that must be kept in mind proper strategy must be formulated that will act as a decision making tool in future that in turn will help to enhance the business. Therefore this are the important aspect that must be considered before formation or maintaining the flow of the company. The problem that most organization often faces is gathering data, gathering data is most riskier, time consuming and expensive. To cover this risk proper step must be taken that is proper sources if available must be taken that will have an effect on business in away such as relevant data will be found or at least data will possibly have a good percentage that will be true enough to support the business structure. Another thing that must be focused, into is minimization of expenses related finding data or if totally want to ignore data that are primary and are expensive in nature then secondary data must be focused into this will cut down the expenses compared to primary data that have to be researched that in turn will provide a support to organization in taking proper decision that will help the business to expand. Other then this there are many aspects such using abusive language in workplace will help the firm to expand the business as good behaviour attracts more customer than expected. Proper facility to workers, fulfilling responsibility towards society is another thing that helps the firm in a way such as people by seeing the firm’s positive attitude towards the society will be wanting to know more about the firm, so it will gradually increase its sale by attracting customer as it will slowly and steadily grow and become famous.
The above-discussed research is a secondary research database. Hence, a copious amount of journals, updated articles and books has been scrutinized. Based on the above research work future secondary research works could be established. The reuse of secondary research work is like reusing of renewable sources every time in a more elaborated manner. The future scope relies on the fact that researcher could place their database in a way more expanded form. And the future scope of a superior research could be awaiting. By analysing close on the limitations discussed above the future researchers might perform their research work in an intrinsic way. The research developed a framework for having a better understanding of the role of firm conditions, capabilities and firm resources in strategic decisions to enhance the performance of the organisation. Accordingly, the research suggests improvising the framework for future researches. In order to get a an expanded overview to lay down an impactful research work , the future researchers could use the above database as a sample handout. And then they could lay down their framework of their research.
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