Deliverables:
The task contains four research paper which needs a thorough study and understanding of the concept behind each of the research paper. The first topic that will be delivered in the report is about the debate on how sustainable the ecommerce society could be made by Muscat. In the second topic, it will deliver the research paper where a critical evaluation would be done on the advantage of cost and discuss about the E-Commerce environmental benefits. In the third tasks, the paper will discuss about the factors involved behind the reason why customer in Oman were avoiding the E-Banking. The final delivery would be about the recommendation that would be propose based on the study of the research paper and eliminate the barriers that make it difficult to adapt the e-banking. With the completion of the report regarding all the research paper the referencing would be of Harvard referencing with proper citation. The resources that are identified are the research paper.
a) Debate on how Muscat can be made sustainable ecommerce society.
The author in the research paper mainly aims at presenting sustainable solution for the urban logistics. The paper has identified certain challenges for urban logistics. Now it is important to understand how Muscat could make the economic society sustainable (Yip and Bocken 2018). As E-commerce is the fastest channel for a market to grow with different products and services basically for the customers. For Muscat the E-commerce would be a modern market for retail channel. The commercial traffic increases and provide congestions in the areas having dense pollution. For Muscat sustainable initiatives reduces ecological footprint that has provided the key challenges for e-commerce. The Muscat could easily reduce the ecological footprint based on sustainable distribution and production. With the new electric power trains, the Muscat could provide a free transport emission. The electrifying automotive power has developed the technology that has reduce the GHG-emissions. In Muscat pollution has become the global challenge due to which the urban residents’ life was affected. The e-commerce reduces the sizes and the delivery points were increased. With zero emissions it can overcome the transport. It can reduce the cost of distribution. The routing system of vehicle and an integration of telematics technologies gives a positive effect. Electric vehicles (EV) dramatically increases the effect. It is a result of last-mile for a triple-win situation. Muscat could firstly improve the customers’ level of services which are more flexible with delivery location. It has dynamic vehicle routing and it also improve the communication of the customers. Further, there is a risk reduction for urban distribution that are potentially electrified. However, EV’s utilization has further lead to savings the cost of transport per delivery. The urban distribution third effect for electrified has mentioned the situation with zero emission transmission. Currently the private sector of Muscat country has limited e-commerce activity. In Muscat, the ITA hosts a conference for annual cyber-security in which the firms may take interest in order to enter into the market. In the distribution, even after the EV’s application cause a positive effect it has a B2B deliveries of the goods of the consumer that restructure the entire systems of distribution. For instance, it could even provide a night-time delivery and reduce the rush hour and EV’s noise in the transport that are commercial. The operations that are multi shift has the possibilities that the EV’s operation cost has reduce. It has become a challenge still for the Muscat to implement electrified urban distribution with the potential to get opportunities of new business with positive effects. It would be still be a hurdle even after considering improvement in the trains having power of electric and possible distribution of utilizing EV’s. With the current price of market the items for charging infrastructure and tools for modern disposition are generally high. Thus, with this study it can be concluded that the importance of sustainability for customer is increasing. As the environment is growing with society awareness Muscat could adopt the awareness with sustainable initiatives that can measure or reduce the ecological footprint to meet the demand of the customers. Muscat mostly focus of internal process for developing and utilizing the resources so as to meet the goals of sustainability. It is still rare to include suppliers and distribution with the holistic and wide approach supply chain. The new technologies of power train utilization through the supply chain participants’ integration with collaborative initiatives have two powerful levers that face the challenges of urban areas e-commerce. Even after the investment being high for the electric vehicles and for the infrastructure there is some possibilities further for the distribution of zero emission in the urban areas. For Muscat, it has found the reduction in the transport that are related to emissions were Muscat could be the key element for the company.
b) Critically evaluate on cost advantage and environmental benefits of E-Commerce.
In order to evaluate and make the decision best as much as possible, it is necessary to measure the environmental benefits and advantage of cost to get the proper solution to e-commerce (Wan, Ma and Pan 2017). It indicates that the business case could be built with ownership total cost calculation to get the solution and the investment brought from the potential return. In-house solutions were built with many start-ups to customize the feature based on the specifications. It ensures the standards of security are met and could maintain the development control. For the shot- term process it could be a viable option. It has found that there is no pace in the in-house solution where the e-commerce world has complexity (Bharadwaj, Farooq and Jena 2017). In order to build own solution, it is necessary to consider the rent of the hosting space, purchase to be made for the domain name, open the account of the merchant, acquire options for payment, measure the analytics, hiring a developer for front and back-end, affiliate the programs, partner with the OEMs, defend against the fraudsters, and finally serve the customer. In case of global market penetration, it become complicated for the users to localized the currencies, payment options and webpages. They have achieved the benefit with partner when it provides solutions from outsourced. The advantage of the paper is that there is a new way with the marketing and selling of multiple products through internet and e-commerce (Madden et al. 2017). It still has unclear environment and shift on cost for retailing. The model of the new e-commerce business provides a significant savings of the environment. The business of ecommerce use packaging materials and energy which the logistic network deliver and fulfil the product. There are different logistics’ of networks that were analysed in the paper. It assesses different delivery systems which are cost effective and environmental. The logistics of ecommerce cost less and the it has some environmental effect for private automobile which include the travel for shopping.
The ecommerce website has overcome the geographical limitations. The online retail gains new customer with the visibility of search engines. The customer does not find it unusual in following search engine links. For Oman ecommerce could be a tipping point for the business. It lowers the cost by providing the customer with discounted prices. The cost can be reducing by advertising and making a marketing strategy. The most cost effective advertising would be the traffic of social media and pay-per-click. The cost is being reduce with the lowering of number of employee by setting up the e-commerce website to automate the checkout, payment, billing and inventory management. Through intuitive navigation customers could click on e-commerce website. Or they can even use search box and check through their product immediately. In some of the e-commerce website customer preferences are also remembered with shopping list that could facilitate the repeated purchase. The e-commerce allows the customers to virtual travel to the same store that they were travelling physically. Now, ecommerce merchant could get lot of information through the access of customer when they provide registration forms and place cookies (Andrews 2017). Moreover, it can be used in communicating with the customer through relevant messages. The website of E-commerce run 24/7/365. It increases the order number for the merchant and in always available. It will locate the parts of the order with great ease. With ecommerce shopping g can be compare to allow the customer to browse the ecommerce website for the merchants and from it the customer could chose for the product as per their requirement (Akram et al. 2018). With online shopping it becomes more convenient to deal, bargain, use coupons for the customer.
Task 3:
a) Factors that are involved in customers avoiding E-Banking in Oman.
The research paper mainly has aimed at determining the reasons in the customers avoidance of services for e-banking. The Oman specializes in B2B services whereas if it is checked into the sites of other services it is specialized in e-commerce applications. The paper has evaluated the factors and find out the reason behind the hesitation of the consumers with the use of E-banking services (Zaman and Akhter 2017). The paper has a quantitative methods used for testing the hypothesis and the research methods. The paper will have a recommendation for Oman to implement the concept of E-banking.
First of all, it is important to understand the perception of what the customer is thinking about the electronic banking and what potential benefits and risks are associated with it. Also what reasons have made them hinder to adopt E-banking. If the Oman follow the proper usage of various tools and techniques, then customers can easily know the e-banking services. The major concern of the Oman customer is basically about the security problems such as fraud and hackers whose features in the internet services and financial institutions have better efforts in making the customers aware of the offered services.
However, it requires an aggressive effort in marketing were most efforts were in maintaining the e-banking facility (Shatat 2017). It has higher level of standards and security measures to be adopted that have been exploited and obsolete. Due to some fraud happen in e-banking, the customer where loses its value. Sometimes the services of the ATMs and POS generally could not complete the transaction due to failure or unavailable cash or the link may be down for certain days. The customer sometimes fears about the fraudulent activity that take place in e-banking which mostly make them dissatisfied and decline the e-banking value. While analysing the data three banks and private university were considered on the basis of those banks that provide or make utilize of the e-banking services (Huang et al. 2017). They make the analysis more effective by sending emails to references, personal contacts and student belongs to the same university were also where asked to participate in the questionaries’ and fill the forms as they are unavailable in person. Some forms are filled in the availability of the employees in the bank.
For the Oman customer, security was the major concern for not using e-banking. For every individual or every citizen is the actual right for them is the information confidentiality and security (Khan, Khan and Xiang 2017). It is the right of every customer of Oman to have their identity with the bank and personal information that needs to be kept safe and secure (Akhter and Zaman 2017). Thus, no individual or customer would lose their confidentiality and information with the use of e-banking. The respondent has marked response rate or the frequency that are highest out of the total rate of response. The financial institutions have provided e-banking services which the customer has agree that it is the riskiest banking service. The users’ probability shows that, even today the service of e-banking could not assure the concern of the security of an individual. Until a user is proficient enough in the information technologies, the individual or the customer would never be assured of using the ATM or internet banking. To be secure and safe (Pålsson, Pettersson and Hiselius 2017). The e-banking services value has been nullified with the increase rate of frauds and the e-banking service value. The potential advantages are losing for the e-banking services. The reason behind this lose is increase in fraud and cybercrime rate in the sector. With the loss of security data, slowly the Oman customers had lost the trustworthiness of e-banking services with the loop holes and with increase rate of fraud.
b) Recommendations to eliminate the Social, Legal and Ethical barriers in adapting the e-banking.
In Oman the e-banking concept is completely new as the popularity is definitely going to increase day by day. On daily basis customers are increasingly using internet with it the e-banking chores supports its high speed (Asfaw 2017). The Oman banks specifies the standards of e-banking for easy experience that gives the customer some benefits and reliability. The Oman banks has created gaps between the individuals and the entities of the business because of certain transaction checks that were applied. It will let them shift the e-banking completely to their primary mode of banking. In order to reduce the fraudulent activity, a check has been applied. Thus, is make the service more reliable and secure to satisfy the customer.
It is very much important for the Oman bank to make an effort in maintaining the needs of the financial institution through e-banking facility instead of getting the facilities.
The Oman bank should adopt higher level of standards and security measures that has a standard level of exploitation and it obsolete.
In computers and services in the internet continue to spread and also occupies the life of an individual who potential has been increase and has caused harm to the system and has increase the computer crimes. An advance investigation is required to recover from such crime that has risen. In Oman, Lack of Legislative Structure is of highest frequency and it need a frequent update with the change in technology (Belwal 2017). The laws need to be more efficient and each individual need to be protected. The social and cultural issues positively in relation with the usage and adoption of the Oman online services. However, the standard beta coefficient has shown results that are negative. The system usage is influence by the definition of social and cultural issues.
With the study of the research paper, the findings indicate that usefulness, awareness, ease of use, security, privacy and trustworthiness all of this are influencing positively with the usage and adoption of Oman online services. The factors that has influence the existence of the services enhance the end-user’s perceptions in order to adopt and make use of the online services that are available. Many of the users get encourage in making the transaction online and with this feature the stakeholder find it helpful as it saves much of the time and efforts. With this study, the decision maker could understand the perception of the customer in a better and deeper manner in adopting and using the service online and able to develop and provide the architecture of e-service more effectively. It helps the end-user to motivate and make use of the online services that are provided and it also contribute to the national digital strategy eventually which is commonly named as e-Oman. It has now become important to understand what factors has influence the adoption to end-user’s as most of the public and private organizations has adopted the online services. With the clear perception of the user, the firms are also able to develop factors that are critical so as to improve the e-services currently and make the end-users satisfy.
It is also recommended to extend the survey to other state of Oman that can cover larger size of Oman which will help them improve the understanding of the end-user’s perceptions that mainly focus on the online services (Kim 2017). The respondent could be from background and environment that are different. The future study would co-relate the e-services and end-user’s providers to make a close interaction with each other through which ideas could be share for making the development better with the existing e-services. Many of the end-users in Oman are not completely aware of the online services and there is no advantage in making available the services online for public and private organizations. For most of the stakeholders mainly the end-users find the online services to be secure, easy to use and is very useful.
References
Akhter, S. and Zaman, S.U., 2017. An Investigation into the Prime Issues Impeding the Adoption of Internet Banking in Pakistani Firms/Organizations. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, pp.1-12.
Akram, U., Hui, P., Khan, M.K., Yan, C. and Akram, Z., 2018. Factors Affecting Online Impulse Buying: Evidence from Chinese Social Commerce Environment. Sustainability, 10(2), p.352.
Andrews, M., 2017. Turbulent and Dynamic Times: The Importance of Tacit Knowledge and Organizational Learning in a Young E-Commerce Company. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 17(5), pp.37-51.
Asfaw, F., 2017. The Effect of E-Banking Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in The Banking Sector of Ethiopia (case study: Five Selected Grade Four Branch Customers of CBE) (Doctoral dissertation, St. Mary’s University).
Belwal, R., 2017. Public transportation in Oman: a strategic analysis. Advances in Transportation Studies, 42(3).
Bharadwaj, D., Farooq, A. and Jena, B.N., 2017. Value Discipline Dimensions on Organisational Performance and Competitive Advantage: A Study on Pharmaceutical Companies in Diabetes Care. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 9(3), p.88.
Huang, L., Xie, G., Zhao, W., Dou, Z. and Wang, Y., 2017. Empirical Analysis for E-integrated Logistics Pattern Between Urban and Rural Area: From Economic and Geographic Perspective. Boletín Técnico, 55(1), pp.65-76.
Khan, A.P., Khan, S. and Xiang, I.A.R., 2017. Factors Influencing Consumer Intentions to Adopt Online Banking in Malaysia. Business & Economic Review, 9(2), pp.101-134.
Kim, D., 2017. The impact of learning management systems on academic performance: Virtual Competency and student Involvement. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 17(2), p.23.
Madden, G., Banerjee, A., Rappoport, P.N. and Suenaga, H., 2017. E-commerce transactions, the installed base of credit cards, and the potential mobile E-commerce adoption. Applied Economics, 49(1), pp.21-32.
Pålsson, H., Pettersson, F. and Hiselius, L.W., 2017. Energy consumption in e-commerce versus conventional trade Channels-Insights into packaging, the last mile, unsold products and product returns. Journal of cleaner production, 164, pp.765-778.
Shatat, A., 2017. Factors affecting the adoption and usage of online services in Oman. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, pp.1-24.
Wan, Y., Ma, B. and Pan, Y., 2017. Opinion evolution of online consumer reviews in the e-commerce environment. Electronic Commerce Research, pp.1-21.
Yip, A.W. and Bocken, N.M., 2018. Sustainable business model archetypes for the banking industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, pp.150-169.
Zaman, S.U. And Akhter, S., 2017. An Investigation into The Prime Issues Impeding the Adoption of Internet Banking in Pakistani Firms/Organizations. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 22(S8).
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