Peoples are changing their life styles and surroundings very quickly on daily bases. There is several development and evaluation in the basic need oh human being. Digital transformation is growing rapidly for updating and changing common things in the city in an effective and efficient manner. All things are changes in smart gadgets, such as smartphones. Digital devices are combined with the internet with the help of sensors makes changes in huge way. This is an evolution process, which provides drastic changes in living standards of people. For designing a smart city, all the information gathered at a place then it compile for getting valuable information for activities management at daily bases and planning for smart city (Angelidou, 2014).
Internet of Things (referred as IoT) is used for converting an urban area into a smart city. There are so many areas for development and some actions are required for developing those areas into smart city (Batty, 2013). This report will explain about IoT, smart city, and cloud computing in next parts.
IoT is used for all the information management and it will help to manage many things, such as real time location, air pollution, traffic jams, unnecessary notice, and weather condition. There are different applications for handling the entire task with the optimal features now days. IoT is divided in three parts based on layer architecture, which are application layer, perception layer, and network layer. All these layers provide different functions with the help of applications. IoT used different things when it combine all the devices and sensor with the server and make it useful information for the system. These layers are having high processing capacity and low storage capability with high reliability and security (Centenaro, et al., 2016).
The perception layer is used internet for gathering information from the internet-based devices, such as sensors. There are different types of sensor for gathering information for calculation, which is helpful for decision making of system. Some devices are used for collecting information, which are cameras, Global-positioning System (Referred as GPS), sensors, and Radio Frequency Identification Devices (referred as RFID). A connection is available between the perception later and application layer using Internet technologies. A huge change is occurred in the field of data transfer technologies day by day. Following technologies are used for the long distance data transformation, such as 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, and Wi-Fi connections (Cocchia, 2014).
IoT is enabling many things for making a smart city. The effect of IOT on the smart city is a critical aspect, which are practiced from a long time as well. There are several literatures where the applications of the IOT are well explained with real example. Some of them provide very broad illustration of the topic with the useful frameworks. The frameworks with appropriate figures provide the implication process and the possible development as well (Gubbi, et al., 20113).
Even though, IOT can provide many applications to easy the life and work effort. Some rural areas cannot be monitored and unable to develop with others for the environment and uncertain challenges. This paper will illustrate a broad about such cases with proper example. The development process of the IOT is very crucial in some rural places where the scope of the evolvements is very low due to the uncertain challenges. This paper will illustrate the possible amplification of the IOT in those areas. It will also illustrate why the development process is very crucial in those areas as well (Hollands, 2008).
The IoT (Internet of Things) may have many advantages in which it helps human to automate their work, but it also comes with many disadvantages. Therefore, it depends on the people on how to use this technology effectively. Every city is having different architecture. So there are different, challenges and need for develop into a smart city. Cities are requiring many changes to meet urban challenges, such as the environment, growing population, governance, and mobility prosperity ( Kim, 2016).
Source: (smartcity.brussels, 2018)
There are some points for understating a smart city challenges:
Collaborate: it is so necessary to collect data from different sources and compile that data for refine information to control many things. Data is exchange and share between different sources for an open environment.
Store: there are so many things for saving them for future. It makes a smart city in a sustainable way, such as save energy, food, water, and raw materials.
Innovative: Innovations are so necessary for different purposes, such as business, financial. It will help to develop urban area in rapid growth.
Integrity: integration of all the things is helpful for making an urban region in a smart city, such as education, health, safety, and security.
Participation: participation of people is necessary for developing smart city.it is a key to develop smart city that every person give their participation and share their ideas.
Simplification: this is the basic thing for developing an urban area into a smart city. Simply, used web-based services and make cities better.
Transformation of an urban area into a smart city requires changes in so many areas, which are economy, governance, environment, and many more. As shown in figure, all these things are base of a smart city. Economy of a smart city have a good position and as well as people do it in a good way. Governance is managed from the help of online services, such as Wi-Fi, and digital technology. Mobility is a require thing for smart city, as travelling is necessary for every person, but in a proper way reduce cost and pollution. Environment of smart city is requiring living space and mobility in an appropriate way. Smart city is a city, which adopts the development of its citizens by leveling out inequalities and encouraging them to acquire skills (Kitchin, 2014).
IoT is the technology, which is a network of physical devices, such as home appliances, vehicles, and different embedded systems with the help of softwares, sensors, and connectivity, which enable the entire device for collecting and exchanging data. There are so many devices, which are helpful for collect information. They are also remotely monitored and controlled.
IoT architecture is a combination of different things at a same place. As shown in figure all the things are completing IoT architecture. All the things are having three works, which are collect data, store data, process data. Things mean different objects, which are equipped with sensors. Sensors are used for data collection. Actuators are used for act on particular action on the bases of data processing, such as street lamps, fridges, and production machines.
Gateways: it is a path for data transfer between devices and cloud. It is a way for data transfer as well as transmits control commands to the different devices. Things are change according to given command.
Streaming data processor: it is securing data from lost or corrupted information. There are so many things, which make data corrupted.
Sources: (Grizhnevich, 2018)
Data Lake: it is used for string the data, which is collected from different devices. Cloud takes all meaningful data from it.
Data Warehouses: data warehouses are used for collecting data from different databases, flat files and devices. It integrates all the data and transforms it in a proper format after that it is useful for processing. Data warehouse is an information collector at big level in a proper format.
Data Analytics: it is an analytic process for getting proper actions for the devices, such as Start Street light in night. IoT system is taking help from the data analytics for decision making on the bases of data processing.
Machine Learning: machine learning is used for effect model for managing all the applications and devices in smart way. Machine learning is used in different parts of IoT architecture, such as data warehouse, data analytics, and control models.
Control applications: these are used for giving commands to actuators for making desired changes.
User applications: these are some applications for controlling devices for users, such as monitor and control different things from different place.
Smart city is a required so many changes in proper way, and IoT is the best solution for it. There are some basic things for making a system more fast and useful.
Conclusion
It is concluded from previous parts of this essay that, Smart cities are future of this world, and it will happen with the help of new technologies, such as IoT, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, and internetworking devices. IoT is a platform for completing many tasks for future. It is a way to completing different things in an easy way with better results. It makes changes and makes life more smooth and fast for human being in urban regions.
A smart city requires few things for development of an urban area. It is a mix-up of few things, which are collaboration of ideas, saving, innovation, integration of services, participation of people, and simplification. Urban areas are having some areas for development for conversion into a smart city. Economy, governance, environment, mobility, population, and living environment of people are the areas of development of the city. IoT is a technology, which integrate all the features at a place and make urban area into smart city. It is base of a smart city, and it is helpful for the innovation of different things.
Finally, it is concluded that IoT is used for converting urban areas into smart city with the help of web-based services, and basic hardware. It is a combination of different things for completing an aim in a good direction with the help of technologies.
References
Kim, K. J., 2016. Interacting Socially with the Internet of Things (IoT): Effects of Source Attribution and Specialization in Human–IoT Interaction. [Online]
Available at: https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article/21/6/420/4161795
[Accessed 13 September 2018].
Angelidou, M., 2014. Smart city policies: A spatial approach. Cities, 41(1), pp. 3-11.
Batty, M., 2013. Big data, smart cities and city planning. Dialogues in Human Geography, 3(3), pp. 274-279.
Centenaro, M., Vangelista, L., Zanella, A. & Zorzi, M., 2016. Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: The rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(5), pp. 60-67.
Cocchia, A., 2014. Smart and digital city: A systematic literature review. In Smart city. 1 ed. New York: Springer, Cham..
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S. & Palaniswami, M., 20113. Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7), pp. 1645-1660.
Hollands, R. G., 2008. Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial?. City, 12(3), pp. 303-320.
Jin, J., Gubbi, J., Marusic, S. & Palaniswami, M., 2014. An information framework for creating a smart city through internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(2), pp. 112-121.
Kitchin, R., 2014. The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79(1), pp. 1-14.
Lee, I. & Lee, K., 2015. The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), pp. 431-440.
Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., Farouh, H. & Yousef, W., 2012. Modelling the smart city performance. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), pp. 137-149.
Nam, . T. & Pardo, T. A., 2011. Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions.. s.l., In Proceedings of the 12th annual international digital government research conference: digital government innovation in challenging times, pp. 282-291.
Skiba, D. J., 2013. The internet of things (iot). Nursing education perspectives, 34(1), pp. 63-64.
smartcity.brussels, 2018. What is a smart city?. [Online]
Available at: https://smartcity.brussels/the-project-definition
[Accessed 16 November 2018].
Vanolo, A., 2014. Smartmentality: The smart city as disciplinary strategy. Urban Studies, 51(5), pp. 883-898.
Zhou, J., Cao, Z., Dong, X. & Vasilakos, A. . V., 2017. Security and privacy for cloud-based IoT: challenges.. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(1), pp. 26-33.
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download