Sustainable Materials in the Construction Industry
The objective of the study is to investigate the advantages of using sustainable materials into the construction industry. There is consciousness amongst the construction workers regarding the benefits of sustainable materials so that they can adopt and use the materials for construction projects. Sustainable design helps to reduce in addition to lessen critical resources such as energy, raw materials and prevent degradation which can cause by infrastructure through the project life cycle. The sustainable materials and design can create such an environment which is comfortable, protected furthermore creative. Sustainable design concepts encourage changing in existing buildings rather than building new one. The research study takes an approach regards to objectives of the sustainable construction and introduce innovative methods and techniques to accomplish the construction sustainability.
The specific objectives of this research study are to investigate and analyse importance of sustainable materials for the construction projects and analyse the sustainable materials for providing overview of sustainability plus green construction.
Sustainability is a key significant issue to challenge the construction industry within recent years. In this study, sustainable development and sustainable materials are discussed. In Australia, half of the emissions of carbon dioxide are resulted from energy used within the buildings and the construction industry is consumed of 6 tons of resources in addition to produced half of tone of waste per citizens. With referred to the sustainable building design, it is required to analyse global importance of the building development (Asdrubali, D’Alessandro and Schiavoni 2015). The study will analyse emerging tools and techniques designed to assist within ecological management along with promote the sustainable development. The application of smart as well as environment responsible building materials is key component with higher performance building efforts. Selecting environmental friendly materials by means of reduction of environmental impacts is attained throughout procedure of maintenance of resources and also chosen of sustainable materials (Wiedmann et al. 2015). The resources which are used to produce the construction materials influence environment by reduction of natural resources, using of energy and pollutants. Evaluation of the building products from collecting raw materials to disposal provides better perception of the long term materials cost.
According to Akeiber et al. (2016), there is required to adopt of sustainable materials for the construction such that a sustainable future should ensure for next generation. The sustainability of building is started with the construction which has completed lifetime to damage entire planet, unless the energy efficiency of building is build. Chu, Cuiand Liu (2017) stated that sustainable construction is adoption of the materials as well as products in construction which will need less usage of natural resources and raise reusability of the materials. Schiavoni, Bianchiand Asdrubali (2016) argued that sustainable construction can improve flexibility of the construction industry like sustainable materials are accessible in the market. Steel, glass, prefabricated parts are examples related to sustainable materials. Usage of sustainable construction materials are component of environmental sustainability efforts. Zhu, Romainand Williams (2016) discussed that sustainable construction is started with planning in addition to design.
The research study presents an importance of the sustainable materials in construction projects with discussing usage of sustainable materialsby the construction industry. Benefits of the sustainable construction materials are presented with increase in concern of environment plus sustainability (Stu?rzel, Mihanand Mu?lhaupt 2015). The construction industry requires guarantee of better life for future generations through use of environmentally friendly materials. The sustainable materials reduce reliance as well as non-renewable construction materials. The construction industry can recognize that the developers and builders are responsible to develop products as well as procedures those are environment friendly. In current construction industry, key challenge is to select sustainable materials which can lessen burdens to environment. In order to enhance the sustainability, the wastes are being turned in resources to lessen disposal issues in Australia. Leand Nunes(2016) illustrated that sustainable materials are those which are sourced and decreased transportation cost and emissions of carbon dioxide. It is consisted of reused materials which have low environmental effect, need less energy, low harmful emissions and it is cost-effectively sustainable. The sustainable material is required to use properly for society growth. The application of sustainable materials will also offer employment, skills growth and chance for the society members.
Importance of sustainable materials
In the current day, it is required to implement better ideas in the construction industry to build eco-friendly homes and buildings. Construction of buildings is included off hazardous materials to the environment. With use of the sustainable materials, the construction industry can reduce cost of construction. The advantages of using sustainable materials are that people can live in healthy buildings which will improve health conditions (Wongand Zhou 2015). The entire sustainable materials for the construction will protect environment as well as offer healthier way of living for the individuals. Sustainability means a lot into the construction industry as it ensures that the resources are used in effective way in construction projects. The adoption of sustainable materials is required for the industry as it will reduce impact on environment, humans for ensuring of sustainable future for next generations.
The importance of sustainable materials is that it can reduce environmental impact into the construction process. The green construction can set elevated standard when it comes to sustainability, looks for the construction sustainable materials and procedures that are carbon neutral and engages renewable energy sources in the current days and future. Jalaeiand Jrade(2015) discussed that sustainable materials can reduce harmful impact on the human activities on environment and lessen consumption of the natural sources. Population growth can reduce pressure on the environment and natural resources which are critical for importance of sustainable materials. The main goal of sustainability is to take benefit of the renewable resources, diminish the consumption of non-renewable resources. Recycling, reuse of the resources and waste is a key significant part of sustainability as it will reduce negative effects on the human beings and environment (Bringezuand Bleischwitz 2017). Sustainability is required major organizing of human lifestyle, transport and also human activities that have negative impact on the environments. It can also increase consumption of the natural resources.
Liu, Mengand Tam (2015) explained that using of sustainable materials in the building can help to reduce depletion of the natural resources. Quality wise, the materials are durable and it is long lasting, therefore the materials are used for the construction purpose. It also helps to save construction money and help to prevent the environment. The sustainable materials which are used in construction project are resource and energy efficient and affordable to build the house. The materials are renewable, sustainable as well as green materials (Weaver et al. 2017). It is a concept which is involved social in addition to financial objectives and required to sustain integrity of the resources. It is difficult to measure level of sustainability. There are various types of tools and procedures to select the construction materials which are less damaging to environment. Another approach to tackle usage of the materials is done by adopting strategic approach to the decisions (Yan, Chouwand Jayaraman 2015). The environment friendly and green building materials are those which are used for the production as well as maintenance which provide lower environmental impact in the construction work.
The sustainable construction materials help to cut down on the emissions which are released in ozone, reduction of energy, water along with cost. The sustainable is required responsibility of the human beings and there is required to reduce the impact on environment at each stage of the life. Hager, Golonkaand Putanowicz(2016) discussed that sustainable construction is lasted for lifetime as it is durable. It is easier to maintain as the materials such as bamboo, solar panels, wood and renewable materials can be easily available along with durable. The sustainable construction is gained of popularity from past few years. Apriantiet al. (2015) argued that the construction work is involved with standard building codes in addition to extremely energy efficient. It means that the sustainable materials are easier to maintain moreover it is long lasting. In order to increase sustainability of construction buildings, there is required to use advanced framing which is built of wood from the cultivated forests.
Sustainable material is used in the construction industry as it is not deplete non-renewable resources and has no such adverse impact on the environment when it is used by the constriction professionals for construction work. Schandlet al. (2016) stated that sustainable construction materials are those which have low amount of energy consumption and green energy is used for the construction work. In order to achieve eco-friendly building, there is required to have sustainable materials so that the industry can meet with governmental needs for building of homes to get efficient building work. Concrete is considered as core component in the construction industry but it is not key significant component as concrete production releases greenhouse gases in the environment (Khatib 2016). It is contributed to the environmental pollution along with climatic changes. The key factors which are used to choose sustainable materials are recyclable, locally availability and energy efficient. Following are sustainable construction materials which are alternative to concrete in the construction projects such as:
Straw bale: It is a material which is required to build buildings from the natural as well as local sourced materials. This material is used to replace concrete and plaster in the walls. Instead of based on technology as well as manufactured materials, for the construction work the construction professionals are based on what the earth provides (Sorvigand Thompson 2018). When the material is sealed perfectly, then it is consisted of higher insulation capability. The straw bales are sustainable as well as reasonable due to the reason that it is renewable source.
Bamboo: The bamboo amenities like furniture, utensils are trendy and it is used in the construction industry for many years (Govindan, Shankarand Kannan 2016). It is combination of tensile strength, renewable which can make replacement for the imported materials and an alternative to concrete construction.
Recycled plastic: Plastic is sustainable construction materials. The researcher is produced concrete made from the recycled plastics. This practice will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and provide positive usage of the plastic wastes.
Wood: It is sustainable material which provides advantages over the construction materials like concrete, steel and other building materials. The trees can absorb carbon dioxide as they are growing and they are not required to undertake energy intensive methods to convert in construction products (Silva et al. 2017). When the forest is accurately managed, then it is renewable resulted in biodiversity environment.
Timbercrete: It is the material which is composed of concrete plus sawdust; Timbercrete is lighter as compared to concrete and sawdust components recycle as the waste materials and replace energy involved ingredients into the traditional concrete (Häfliger et al. 2017). It is also used to reduce transportation emissions. The sustainable material is shaped in blocks as well as bricks, makes it adaptable and also sustainable.
The sustainability has five pillars such as conservation of environment, wellbeing and protection, reduction to use of materials, social as well as cultural ecology. In current day, there is an increase of concern related to environment as well as sustainability. The construction projects are being completed using the sustainable materials as it provides economic along with environmental perceptive. Sustainable construction materials help to create building with lower environmental impacts with new approach within the construction sector help to improve people live as well as build (Y?lmaz and Bak?s 2015). The benefits of the materials are under three main categories such as environmental benefits, financial plus social benefits. Sustainable construction materials are sought to reduce the impact throughout the construction process which have benefits such as:
Energy efficiency: The sustainable buildings consist of innovative construction along with design features which can enable to efficient, in terms of conserving the energy plus water. With use of solar energy system, the sustainable buildings are designed to raise natural lightning (Ma 2017). The buildings are reduced wastage of water throughout using water efficient plumbing fixtures furthermore rainwater collection system. As the construction industry is responsible for 34.7 percent of the entire waste, therefore the green buildings should reduce the waster with low environment impacts and usage of the renewable materials (Elgizawy, El-Haggarand Nassar 2016). There is usage of energy conservation which will reduce amount of waste along with better usage of the energy. Therefore, it results in saving of money furthermore resources.
Cost efficiency: Operating as well as maintenance cost is accounted for 80 percent of lifetime cost of the construction of building. The cost is reduced by incorporation of solar energy system and sustainability measures are improved entire cost efficiency of the buildings. Reduction of operational as well as maintenance cost leads to savings like high employee wage and product development (Hashemi, Cruickshankand Cheshmehzangi 2015). Sustainable construction can help to provide higher help in the directions. The building costs are low as compared to normal building due to few resources required to complete construction projects. The sustainable building consists of higher ROI (Rahman et al. 2015). The value of property is being increased due to increase in the sustainable buildings.
Economic efficiency: The sustainable building cost is more as compared to traditional construction. Sometimes, it is cost less than the traditional building; therefore sustainable building is smart investment that can save more than it is initially costs (Arulrajah et al. 2017). The solar functions can help to reduce the operational cost along with carbon footprint which will lead to cost savings.
Enhance sustainability: The entire design of the building is served to raise sustainability of the materials that are being utilized. Buildings are being designed as energy efficient which is potential to evade wastage of excess power on heating plus cooling. By selecting right sustainable construction materials, the architects can lessen amount of energy which is needed for the building operations (Rahman et al. 2015). Then, the construction project is environmentally friendly. The eco-friendly environment should help the employees perform better which will reduce the absenteeism. When the environment is better and then it is easier to concrete as well as work effectively towards conclusion of completed project tasks.
Resource efficiency: The sustainable materials are used as efficiently as probable with least of efforts. The materials which are chosen should be recycled which can make the project efficient. The selection of right sustainable materials can reduce the transportation costs. It helps to save the resources in various ways (Gómez-Meijide, Pérezand Pasandín 2016). All the materials are being reused rather than it is disposed in the landfill. The sustainable materials should improve better quality of life, improve health because of safer materials and increase in productivity around the environment. Green building is referred to the structure along with application of construction processes which would provide a resource efficient environment.
Sustainable construction
Sustainable construction is important as it will provide an environment friendly future to humans and will influence capability of the future generations to meet with their requirements. Elgizawy, El-Haggarand Nassar (2016) explained that sustainable construction is division of the sustainable development which uses of technology plus knowledge to modify sustainability of construction and design, operating environments. According to Isa et al. (2018), sustainable construction is process to design, construct and operate construction building projects with a goal to reduce environmental impacts and maximize benefits to the users. According to Kibert (2016), in order to reach the sustainable design, it is required to propose for the material substitution with high environmental impacts to greater materials related to sustainability. The sustainable construction projects are consisted of environmental rules along with standards for the energy savings. The benefits are achieved by adopting sustainable materials which are dependent on selecting proper materials to be used in the projects (Wongand Zhou 2015). Sustainable construction is also known as green construction referred to the structure along with application of processes which are environmental friendly and resource efficient throughout the building life cycle.
In the construction industry, buildings should have ability to contribute towards more sustainable future. The aim of sustainable construction is to meet with current needs of buildings, working environments plus transportation without negotiating with capability of the future generations to convene with their requirements (Wong, San Chan and Wadu 2016). It can integrate economic efficiency, environmental performance as well as social responsibility that can contribute to great extent when technical innovations are included. Sustainable construction is involved with issues related to design, management of the buildings, construction technology, energy efficiency in the buildings, technologies, adherence to the ethical standards and occupational health as well as safety. In order to meet with objectives of government for the year 2020, increase efforts are made to lessen carbon dioxide emissions (Gan et al. 2015). The sustainable construction can contribute towards drastic reduction such as rational usage of the energy, perfect mobility, usage of the natural energy materials and proper insulation. Construction of the structure within the controlled environment is possible as it can improve the quality of the buildings. Being able to cut the materials, it can lessen waste along with create buildings which are strong to permit the contractors to use of wood framings for the construction of the buildings (Wen, Siong and Noor 2015). Reduction of the waste is achievable for the contractors as haulers are developed more complicated in the years. Lean manufacturing is one of the ways to reduce the energy. The construction industry rethinks of the construction approaches throughout the lean thinking.
Bahaudin et al. (2017) termed that the sustainable construction is division of the sustainable development which will give out as starting point of scrutiny. It covers overall project development life cycle. AzamHaron et al. (2015) discussed that the term sustainable construction is planned to determine accountability within the construction industry to accomplish sustainability. Sabnis (2015) showed that sustainable construction can create an environment using the resource efficient and ecological based principles. The construction industry is a largest industry in developing along with developed countries based on investments, employment and there is input to GDP. The impact of construction industry on the business surroundings is to be expected to consider as far as failure of the soil and loss of the forests. The challenge related to the construction industry is re-engineer the whole processes to decrease the impact on the construction work environment. Huo, Ann and Wu (2017) aggregated the principles related to the sustainable construction has consisted of four of the pillars such as shared, monetary, biophysical and technological. Hager, Golonka and Putanowicz (2016) discussed that the production of environmental development manages within Australia is known as environmental impact statement towards new development. It shows an impact of planned expansion over the lifecycle on the construction setting. Without the performance standards, the environmental impact statements are to be judged in context of social, economic as well as political climate.
The construction firms are gained various benefits by investment into the sustainable technologies along with use of the sustainable materials. The construction industries can analyse the environmental rules, regulations as well as standards which are related to efficiency of energy along with sustainability (Schiavoni, Bianchi and Asdrubali 2016). The cost of investment for the sustainable construction materials is higher as compared to the traditional construction as it is achieved throughout the reduction of the operational costs. In the construction firm, it is role of the contractor to deliver sustainable projects to the client. The construction firms are incorporated sustainability measures towards benchmarking efforts. In order to achieve sustainable construction, sustainability is based on size of company along with core businesses (Aprianti et al. 2015). It is role of the contractor to determine how green the project can be through the construction and after the completion of the project work. The construction firms can create policy of companywide to guide the project team as well as streamline the construction processes. The workshop is led by the project team member with experience to conduct experimental design as well as construction work. The person can start workshop with general principles of the sustainability while facilitated of brainstorming session based on aspects of the project (Chu, Cui and Liu 2017). The contractor can make decisions without input and commitment from owner and the design team.
Being the work agent for the government department, there is involvement throughout implementation of sustainable concepts into design and sustainable construction practices. Most of the works are being outsourced to private sector, promoted to the issues by requirement of the consultants and contractors to follow as well as implement the sustainable design furthermore site practices (Liu, Meng and Tam 2015). It encourages the partners in work to perform the sustainable construction. The service department is dedicated to accept of sustainable designs which can regard as incorporation as well as compatibility of the scheme with environment, conservation along with effective use of the energy moreover material resources. In the construction industry, there is promotion of environmental sustainability through the principles in the building specifications (Bertran et al. 2017). The sustainable strategies are used in the project procurement which can contribute to sustainable development.
The contractor has used of design and build methodology to adopt the procurement strategy. The performance of contractors in terms of the environmental management is being monitored as well as assessed on the quarterly basis (Surampalli et al. 2015). Reduction of the construction as well as demolition of the wastes is continued to provide higher priority for the construction departments. Requirements of the waste management are being incorporated in contract and it is closely monitored by the staffs. New knowledge related to environmental field and technology is addressing to develop at rapid pace (Schiavoni, Bianchi and Asdrubali 2016). The technology policies are used to help the environmental degradation from the economic growth. For the markets to hold up the sustainable outcomes, the prices should able to reflect costs and benefits to the societies of goods furthermore services being shaped (Hashemi, Cruickshank and Cheshmehzangi 2015). It requires elimination of the incentives to the natural resources and degrades environment and opens of new incentives to create development over the environment.
Green building is the future of the construction process. It is the movement which is dedicated to transformation of the design practices along with operations of the build environments (Brandenburg and Rebs 2015). The objective of green construction is reduction of negative impacts of the environment at the time of creating comfortable along with economical prosperous places for the people to work along with live. The green construction is a way towards the future which cut the consumption of energy; make effective usage of the sustainable resources furthermore providing jobs. Dense fibers in the bamboo provides extreme flexibility, allows bending with no snapping (AzamHaron et al. 2015). At the time of earthquakes, the bamboo forest is safe place to take the shelter as the houses are made of the bamboo is known to resist with a magnitude of 9.0. Bamboo is considered as sustainable building materials for the world.
The green construction and sustainable building maintains and improves quality of life in the local climate and culture. It improves environment in the region and conserve energy and resources. Kurdve et al. (2015) stated that a sustainable building and green building is ending of design philosophy that is focused on increasing the competence of resource usage such as energy, water and materials. It leads to reduce impact on building on the human health as well as environment throughout the project lifecycle. Wilson et al. (2015) argued that green building is designed to correct by use of resource efficiency using recycling and renewable energy sources. In most of the construction industry, new technologies are developed to balance existing practices for building greener arrangements. The common purpose of green construction is reducing whole impact of built setting on the human health along with natural situation. Esfahbodi, Zhang and Watson (2016) explained that concept of sustainable development is traced to energy crisis along with environmental pollution. Green building within Australia was originated from require and aspiration for energy resourceful as well as surroundings friendly construction follows. The sustainable design approaches incorporate building life cycle with green practices working in design principle to form synergy amongst the used practices.
Green building and sustainability included of Smart City to manage existing infrastructure and zero waste policies and regulations for developing net zero buildings. Following are some of the benefits of green construction and sustainability:
Resource efficient: Integration of sustainable resources is a key to make sure that a sustainable structure is being created. The sustainable materials like wood, recycled plastic and glass, local sourced materials are natural as they contain higher thermal mass (Grant, Trautrims and Wong 2017). Therefore, those materials are provided resource efficient buildings.
Net zero as solution: It is an energy efficient solution for buildings which follow environmental standards responsible while being a cost effective at similar time. Zero energy is a possible solution to issue which can build least amount base charge to the homes connected to utility grid. This solution has goal to have all buildings in region under the standard of nZEB by the year 2020 (Hsu, Tan and Mohamad Zailani 2016). Most of zero net buildings are getting half of energy from grid and return same at another times. Those buildings exploit of electrical grid for the energy storage, however they are autonomous of grid (Paraskevas et al. 2015). Zero energy buildings is part of smart grid as it follows addition of renewable energy sources, plug-in electrical vehicles in addition to implementation of concept related to zero energy. Therefore, it is one of the best solutions towards reduction in energy consumption throughout design processes.
Conclusion
Through entire research study and literature study on sustainable materials and green construction, the researcher discussed benefits of sustainability in construction industry. Future sustainable construction infrastructure is required to meet with environment standards to develop sustainable design of construction buildings. The research found that there is growing towards introduction of sustainability and green construction in construction industry to reduce emissions of carbon di-oxide in the environment. The study is focused on importance of sustainable materials in construction and benefits of the materials in the industry. The findings which are achieved from the research project are education as well as awareness on the construction workers such that they can adopt of sustainable materials in the construction industry. The benefits into the industry is gained from usage of sustainable materials in construction. Due to awareness of usage of sustainable materials, there is rise in high demand of sustainable development. Due to major benefits in construction industry, it can reduce detrimental effects on construction environment. From entire research study, it is concluded that there is adoption of sustainable materials which help to reduce environmental impact in construction projects. This research helps the reader to understand better selection of sustainable materials such that it can help to improve and achieve construction of green building.
It is concluded that green building is most important environmentally responsible idea so that people can require to adopt sustainability in the industry. It helps in minimal impact on environment due to use of sustainable materials and renewable sources of energy. Through education, environmental products are accessible as well as reliable. The governments provide incentives for encouraging people to adopt of green buildings and sustainability in construction site. Architecture is at high factor to shaper focus for rising sustainable development. The reader can get proper understanding of benefits related to sustainable materials as well as problems associated with research design which can expose to current sustainable design. A sustainable and green building is based on climate, environment as well as architectural design of future construction. Based on this research study, it is concluded that the building can apply of environmental standards so that environmental friendly building is built. Sustainable education is mainly required to acquire knowledge as well as skills require to shape a sustainable future. It is a learning process equip the students and school systems with new knowledge as well as way to reflect to realize an economic prosperity.
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