Prepare an article for the business magazine that reports on, and critically analyses, the objectives, operations and outcomes of a social enterprise or sustainable tourism business or special topic – and include performance data and photos where possible.
Sustainable tourism is the process of taking full account of the present social and economic concerns that affect the environment and ensuring that the needs of the visitors are met (Petkus 2015). There are several tourism companies in the world that target the environmental concerns and then plan the tourism so that the visitors are happy and also the environment is protected. Environment around the globe is threatened by various factors and with the advent of tourism becoming a big business it is necessary to keep these protected. The policies and programmes conducted by the tourism companies to preserve the sanctity of the nature is called sustainable tourism. Australia is a big tourist spot with people from all across the globe flocking to Australia for a good stay and seeing the tourist spots (Edgell 2016). The total earning from tourism in Australia comes to around 34 billion. Tourism is one of the biggest strengths of Australia and also contributes to their economy. It is important for a growing community to address the needs of the local communities and preserve their entity and culture. On one hand, the economy is growing because there is a huge influx of tourists and on the other hand the locals are suffering because their natural habitat is getting corroded with the coming of tourists every day (Ruhanen et al 2015). Therefore, the basic aim of sustainable tourism is to make sure that the local communities do not feel threatened and also the economy of the country grows. Therefore, these tourism companies give economic and social benefits to these groups and they get enriched at the cost of the tourists. The cultural assets of these communities are also preserved. Australia is full of natural resources and the culture of Australia is highly derived from that of the local communities. The culture is abundant with natural assets and that attracts the tourists to visit Australia. Therefore, it is on the Australian Government to ensure that these natural resources are protected and co9nserved so that they remain protected for the future generation. If the tourism industry ahs to survive, it is imperative for the government to make sure that the people, their culture are not harmed and the environment is protected. Going by the latest trend it is noticed that the Australian Government has actively participated in ensuing that the locals are happy and their economy and culture are also preserved (Jamal and Camargo 2014). Sustainable tourism has big impact on the economy of the country as people starts taking initiatives to make it a business and thereby earning profits and increasing the economy. In Australia, a strategy was hatched by the name Long Term Tourism Strategy that aimed at securing the tourism business and also taking a well thought approach to ensure sustainable tourism (Cetin 2015). Many people are of the opinion that sustainable tourism is not an option because there is no way the environment can be prevented if thousands and millions of tourists come to Australia but with the awareness regarding environment protection increasing every day, it has become easier to curb the threats to environment that are faced because of increasing tourists (Mrda, Howitt and Scitaroci 2017).
UNESCO has defined sustainable tourism as that process that respects the traveler as well as the local people and tries to bring a harmony between their interests. The socio-cultural impact of sustainable tourism is the effect that the tourists have on the local people. Therefore, in short, sustainable tourism can be defined as a tourism that does not exploit the natural resources, tourism that executes a proper plan with the local communities and keeps in mind their interests and values, and putting the interests and culture of the local residents at par with the tourists (Tarrant et al 2014). The Australian Department of Tourism has taken very effective steps in ensuring that eco tourism becomes a part of every tourist company and that there are effective ways to conserve and protect the natural resources (McLennan, Becken and Moyle 2017).
One of the most important case studies of sustainable tourism is one of the most sought after tourist destinations of the world, the Great Barrier Reef. The Coral reefs are always in threat of destruction by natural as well as anthropological reasons. The Great Barrier Reef attracts thousands of tourists and with the advent of commercialization of tourism; this tourist spot has gained the attraction of tourist companies. With the increasing commercialization of snorkeling, sailing and diving, there has been a severe impact on the environment. These have impacted the water, air and have exponentially increased the pollution in the adjoining areas. The more the people visiting these places, the more chances that the natural resources will degrade. The tourists are numbered in the range of around 2 million around the year and they significantly contribute the economy and development of the local residents (Sher, Bagul and Din 2015). The biggest aim of the tourist department of Australia is to create a synergy between the two parties-the local residents and the tourists. With the interest to protect the tourism, the Government set up a department Eye of the Reef which conducted regular survey on the health of the reef and also slowly it turned into the biggest coral reef collaborator in the world. This is a big example of how tourism business can help in preserving the nature and also act as conservational champion. The Coral Reef being a cultural heritage, it is the duty of the Government and the tourist companies to make sure that they are protected and preserved. (Bramwell 2015) Therefore, the process undertaken by the Australian Government in preserving the environment are two leveled. One hand, they conserve the nature so that these people are not affected and on the other, they provide enough revenues to these people so that they are competent themselves to protect the nature and their cultural heritage (Ruhanen, Whitford and McLennan 2015).
Tourism being one of the fastest growing industries, it is important to realize that if this is the pace of the growth, there will come a time when profit driven companies will exploit the natural resources and earn money. There needs to be a balance between the competing interests of the two parties. The concern over the protection of the rights of the indigenous people is deep seated and the government has to promote the harmony so that their prior consent is taken before indulging in any commercial activity concerning them. Awareness is the key to protection of the environment. use of eco hotels are very important as in a luxury hotel there is electricity every hour, tourists waste gallons of water, pollute the nature and thereby affect the environment.
The Monkey Mia is another example where the resort located in a remote area in Australia is only concerned with the tourism of dolphins and the resort is placed in an undeveloped land. The resort has faced severe challenges regarding preserving the nature. these resorts had had to deal with eco tourism, beach-base recreational tourism, non-beach recreational tourism. The areas of tourism that need maximum support are where the culture of the indigenous people are threatened and they feel that they are losing their culture. Nature based tourism is very important in the present day and age because the nature is the habitat of many species and with the tourists stomping these areas; it becomes a difficult task to protect the nature. nature based tourism contributes hugely to the nature. Nature based tourism has gained immense popularity in Australia as these give immense importance to the conservation of nature and biodiversity.
The key elements of concern in cases of nature based tourism are the protected areas. The protected areas are home to many wildlings and also are home to animals and species that would die if the nature is not protected and the tourism industry does not give credit to sustainability. Australian Government has taken the initiative of pricing, that is, these protected areas have started to charge lesser fees and the entry fees to protected areas have been reduced considerably to accommodate the interests of the nature. These pricing policies have been done keeping in mind the public good and the interest of these indigenous people. It is strongly believed that protection of the nature is everyone’s department and therefore the amount paid for protecting nature is taken as a bane to society and therefore paid in the way of public taxes. In cases of tourism, when visitors are made to enter these protected areas, it is done with the help of guides and the trips to the park are guided with the help of professionals. These amounts are utilized by the Government in ensuring that there is conservation of nature and the resources. Another way the local residents shall be benefitted is if the visitors and the tourists are made to use local food, eat the food that these residents cook, buy clothes from them and drink natural water which has been commercialized. By doing these, the local residents will have a chance to earn money and in turn protect their culture and heritage without any help from the Government. It is the duty of the Government to ensure that there is enough awareness among the visitors regarding the local culture and garment and food so that when they visit these tourist spots, they can buy from the indigenous people. This is one way of helping the local residents earn money so that they can help themselves. Another way the Government can develop the tourism department is by setting up eco friendly hotel that do not consume energy, that uses local water and solar energy is used as a means for cooking and conducting the daily affairs of the hotel. If natural resources are used to make a place tourist friendly, there will be less pollution and the nature will be preserved.
Summing up sustainable tourism the onus is on the government to promote ‘green tourism’, create plastic free zones, harvest and culture rain water, make vehicles free from pollution and ensure that they run on batteries. These are the measures that the Government can take up to preserve the nature. Sustainable tourism aims at making the nature conserved so that the future can also make the most of it without depleting the natural resources. Tourists visiting Australia are made aware of these tourism guidelines that the government is taking up. If the pollution is curbed, the nature will slowly flourish and the damage will be undone. Though, green tourism seems like a farfetched idea that cannot be implemented, but with the help of the tourist departments and the support of the government agencies, it has becomes an easier process to implement. Environment degradation is a big issue which needs to be controlled and that can be done by setting up eco friendly tourism plans that hover around using natural resources that do not damage the nature. Solar power, water conservation and rain water harvesting should be the agenda for every tourist company conducting tourism in any state.
References
Bramwell, B., 2015. Theoretical activity in sustainable tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 54, pp.204-218.
Cetin, M., 2015. Evaluation of the sustainable tourism potential of a protected area for landscape planning: a case study of the ancient city of Pompeipolis in Kastamonu. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 22(6), pp.490-495.
Edgell Sr, D.L., 2016. Managing sustainable tourism: A legacy for the future. Routledge.
Jamal, T. and Camargo, B.A., 2014. Sustainable tourism, justice and an ethic of care: Toward the just destination. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), pp.11-30.
McLennan, C.L.J., Becken, S. and Moyle, B.D., 2017. Framing in a contested space: Media reporting on tourism and mining in Australia. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(9), pp.960-980.
Mr?a, A., Howitt, R. and Š?itaroci, B.B.O., 2017, January. Heritage Urbanism as a Planning Model for Sustainable Cultural Tourism: The Cases of Cockatoo Island, Australia and St. Catherine Island, Croatia. In 5th UNESCO UNITWIN conference.
Petkus, E., 2015. Electronic Marketing in the Sustainable Tourism Industry: Are Sustainability Credentials Reflected in Website Content?. In Marketing in Transition: Scarcity, Globalism, & Sustainability (pp. 449-449). Springer, Cham.
Ruhanen, L., Weiler, B., Moyle, B.D. and McLennan, C.L.J., 2015. Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research: A 25-year bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), pp.517-535.
Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M. and McLennan, C.L., 2015. Indigenous tourism in Australia: Time for a reality check. Tourism Management, 48, pp.73-83.
Sher, K., Bagul, A.H.B.P. and Din, S., 2015. The Influence of Community Attachment and Community Involvement Towards Resident’s Support on Sustainable Tourism Development by Mediating Perceived Benefits and Perceived Costs. Agric. & Environ. Sci, 15, pp.133-138.
Tarrant, M.A., Lyons, K., Stoner, L., Kyle, G.T., Wearing, S. and Poudyal, N., 2014. Global citizenry, educational travel and sustainable tourism: Evidence from Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(3), pp.403-420.
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