System analysis is a very crucial task that should be regularly undertaken to determine if the current system being used by the business meets its increasing requirements and demands. Inshore Insurance Ltd (IIL) carried out an analysis on their existing Risk Analysis Product (RAP) system and found out that there was a problem in location and timing of the accidents and crimes which brings about vehicular, personal, and household insurance claims that directly relate to cost and frequency.
The system lacks the ability to time and locate events intelligently which give rise to inefficiency in process flow within the company. This has caused incorrect frequency estimation of accidents that happens and insurance claim cost. Therefore, estimating the future budget is difficult and causes inaccuracy and inconsistency. Therefore, there is need to come up with a system that will be able to address these problems that have arose because of the inefficiency of the current system. It is expected that the Risk Analysis product will be excluded from System Analysis in order to be run independently. In addition, RAP should be able to store and support both generated and from the cloud using the system and one architecture.
One of the crucial requirements that is needed is the storage component which is needed in order to fulfill the required storage capacity so that the system can run effectively and efficiently to produce quality results (Valentijn et al., 2015). The proposed system will utilize a single platform to operate on generated and primary data and is expected that the data volume will increase drastically. However, the system is face with several challenges including data security, unauthorized access, and performance limitation. The expected database size is 100TB and is expected to increase yearly at the rate of 50% to 100%.
Solution Scope
The company seeks to have a high-level analysis and proposals for the information technology solution. The scope of the solution is that the current RAP application will offer the needed processing services. RAP will be separated and application impact analysis will be an independent project. IIL has hosted the RAP application in their data center in virtualized in-house environment. The proposed solution must describe one environment that can handle a vast amount of generated and primary data.
Solution Overview
The proposed solution will run on SAP platform because it integrates well with the existing database application. SAP offers the features for big data analytics and allow the company to easily integrate their applications to the cloud. One of the benefits of integration is the ability to provide in-house services. IIL will still focus on utilizing the RAP application for database analysis (Vasylyna, 2018). SAP server will offer high accessibility because of the increased performance and processing speed. The proposed IT solution will be flexible and scalable to allow addition of more functions that may emerge in future. The solution will greatly focus on data security to ensure that no unauthorize access is allowed to access confidential and sensitive data.
Constraints
Data sensitivity is a very crucial aspect to any business. IIL wants to ensure that the data is protected from any unauthorized internal or external access. It is very important to keep data confidentiality to ensure data sensitivity is kept. Any data that can be used to directly or indirectly identify an individual or critical resource of a business should be kept anonymous and encrypted. However, it can be a challenge to achieve high-level data sensitivity because at times authorized users may intentionally or intuitionally leak such data causing harm to the business and affected individuals.
Having a realization plan or framework is essential in order to ensure that the business expectations are clear. Business strategic planning process is the driving force of realization plan. The framework constantly mirrors the business current objectives and strategic goals such as quality, improvements, process, productivity, efficiency, customer service levels, cost effectiveness, customer growth rates, revenue generation, and the rate if customer retention (Thakur, 2016). However, it is necessary to examine all the dependencies and relationships in order to get deeper insights where attainment of one benefit is dependent on realization of another benefit. This can be a very challenging task.
It is also important to have a threat model to aid the business in identifying security flaws in the system and addressing them. It saves on revenue, time, and maintains the company reputation. In addition, it helps in bridging the gap between security and developers, documents all identified and rated threats and risks, and offers awareness and knowledge of the emerging vulnerabilities and risks. Designing a threat model can be a challenging task because it requires constant and continuous system security review against emerging threats and vulnerabilities. The diagram below gives an overview of steps to threat modelling:
Exclusions
When designing the application software, the IIL project team should clearly define what it will do and the different states of the application, for instance, first run, create a new search/game, operations, and foreground and background behaviors. Another aspect to focus on is user interface which requires that the development team create wireframes for every interface with in-depth description of operations, states, and controls (Spillner, 2015). Also, all the functionalities should be represented, supported transitions and orientations, and error handling procedures.
2.0 Use Cases
2.1 Actors
Solution Architecture
To better understand solution architecture, it is important to know the various IIL business processes and the system architecture. Business process at IIL basically involves the insurance claim in order to facilitate claim to a client. This is the high-level objective without alternative options like rejecting a claim. The figure below better describes the business processes at IIL:
System architecture should be able to address the business processes in order to automate them. The system should be able to capture the location and time when an accident occurred and make real time updates. System architecture gives the different layers that the system is made up off and describes every function associated with the layer. The system architecture should be made up of the presentation layer (client), data access layer (Servers), and the persistence layer.
Project Governance Process
Managing project risks is very important and this can be achieved by aligning the risks against the threat model. It should be acknowledged as a professional task and backed up by project management principles and concepts. Project governance process gives guidelines on the best practices and steps that can be taken to efficiently and effectively identify, examine, and address project risks. Organizations and enterprises should strategically manage project risks and operate in project mode. New structures, processes, and associations are needed to integrate risks related to the project tasks together with corporate risk operations. It has become a governance role to manage project risks.
IT Infrastructure Solution
System architects is responsible for defining the project both logically and conceptually. They should have the ability to develop, analyze, and update blueprints or designs to give an overall guideline for the project, system, or the entire business. When designing an IT infrastructure solution, it can undergo different phases from conceptualization to implementation. Therefore, it is to provide a roadmap or design for because it will help during marketing or training the users about the system/concept. This creates a picture of how the system will look like or how it will work even before developing it.
A conceptual design of the system that IIL needs to implement is a high-level design or abstract of the most crucial elements and components. The major objective of a conceptual design is to give a rough picture of the proposed IT solution. Logical design is am advancement of conceptual design with more details including all the entities components and their relationships. Connection and data flows in this stage are detailed in this stage. Logical designs are basically targeted for system architects and developers.
Infrastructure Security
Security of IT infrastructure is very important because it ensures that not unauthorize access get into the system or malicious programs such as viruses and malwares get into the system and destroy the data (Telerik, 2018). Therefore, it is vital that IIL enforce various security measures to secure its infrastructure. Some of the security measures that can be employed by IIL include:
Controlling log-in information: the company should develop policies with regards to login credential such as passwords. The passwords should consist of mixed characters such as numbers, special characters, and alphabetical letter both lower and upper case. Strong passwords make it difficult for hackers to access the system. Also, the policy should state that the users should change passwords regularly either weekly or after a specified period of time to better enhance security and prevent hackers from guessing the passwords.
Use two-factor authentication: this provides an extra security layer and many internet-based services such as Facebook, google, and twitter have employed this concept to safeguard their users. IIL should also adopt this strategy by connecting their accounts to their mobile phones so that even after putting in their passwords they need to key in the code sent to their mobile phones via SMS.
Encryption: this is one of the commonly used strategy when transmitting sensitive data over the network. Encryption means encoding data into a format that cannot be interpreted by anybody else unless they have the encryption key.
Install antivirus: this is one way to prevent the system from being infected by malicious programs that may damage the data or silently send sensitive and private information to unauthorize users. Additionally, it is important to regularly scan the system for any infected files that can affect the security.
Additionally, it is important to always delete the users that are no longer active in the system so as to ensure that no unauthorized person from using their accounts to access the system. Regularly update the system to fix any bugs that may render the system vulnerable and use a strong firewall to protect the entire IT network infrastructure at IIL.
Application Solution
The application should be able to generate different reports such as accident reports, processed claims, pending claims, new claims, payments made to clients, clients with payment issue among other reports.
Data Solution
Data archiving is very important in ensuring that data is classified and structured properly. Data archiving involves transferring data that is no longer used actively to different storage media for retention and future reference if need arises (Margaret, 2016). This is very important because it ensures that inactive data does not occupy more space where actively used data resides. IIL can devise a strategy to allow the archive the data after a certain period it can be quarterly, half-year, or yearly. Also, populating data is very important because it ensures that data is group or categorized properly for easy access and referencing.
Capacity Requirements
The proposed system will require that some minimum requirements be met. There are several factors that will affect the performance and productivity of the system. They include amount of RAM and hard disk, workload, number of users, processing speed, NIC speed, and type of operating system (TechNet, 2014).
System Interfaces
The system will have different interface that the user will interact with. They include interfaces for recording new incidences, registering clients, analyzing the incidences, making and generating claim reports, making and geniting payment reports, search panel, client profiles, and data archiving. The interfaces should be kept simple, consistent, purposeful, proper use of colors and texture, and the system should be communicating what the system is doing (Garrett, 2014).
Constraints and Assumptions
Some of the assumptions that the users are computer literate and can interpret some interface elements without assistance. Secondly, IIL have network infrastructure already in place and have installed all the necessary security measures (Spacey, 2017).
2.0 System Object Model
2.1Sub Systems
Data storage will be in the SAP cloud servers and the users will be able to access them from their desktops. The front end (the interface where the users will interact with the system) will be accessible via desktop browsers while the back-end (database) will be in the cloud.
Subsystem Interfaces
The system will have various interface including:
3.0 Object Collaboration
3.1 Collaboration Diagrams
The system should be able to be able to facilitate interdepartmental business processes to integrate all the processes in all the departments. The processes should be able to integrate and work collaboratively.
Access Model
The system will employ two-factor authentication to enforce extra layer of security to prevent unauthorized access to the system. Also, the company should create a policy to regulate system access such as password policies that requires users to regularly change their passwords and users’ different characters in their password. Other security controls include user access management, privilege management, user password management, user access rights, and operating system access control (Records.nsw.gov.au, 2018).
4.0 Non-Functional Requirements
4.1 Performance Considerations
The following are performance considerations:
Design constraints refers to design limitations. They include:
The system will undergo several test criteria including:
The system will ensure that all the legal obligations have been met and certificate of incorporation provided (Epps, Norris & IBM, 2012). Also, the trustees, board members, directors, and other stakeholders will take part in ensuring that none of their rights or privileges have been affected.
Conclusion
It is very important to have a detailed plan when developing a system to ensure that the development process is smooth with minimal interruptions. In addition, it is important to have all the security measure in place to ensure that the system is secured from external attacks such as malicious programs, hackers, and other cyber criminals. The developers should also ensure that all the laws, regulations, and policies both of the organization and government have been met.
References
Brewer, W. (2016, September 28). IT Compliance and Software Development. Retrieved October 16, 2018,
Epps, C. V., Norris, N., & IBM. (2012, September 28). Software Development Compliance – Overview. Retrieved October 16, 2018,
Garrett, E. J. (2014, May 21). User Interface Design Basics. Retrieved October 16, 2018,
Margaret, R. (2016, June 04). What is data archiving? – Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved October 16, 2018
Records.nsw.gov.au (2018, April 02). Developing systems: Information management considerations..
Spacey, J. (2017, June 9). 9 Types of Design Constraint. Retrieved October 16, 2018,
Spillner, A. (2015). Test criteria and coverage measures for software integration testing. Software Quality Journal,4(4),
TechNet. (2014.). Estimating system capacity requirements. Retrieved October 16, 2018,
Telerik, T. (2018, August 27). Retrieved October 16, 2018,
Thakur, D. (2016, February 04). Dinesh Thakur. Retrieved October 16, 2018,
Valentijn, P. P., Ruwaard, D., Vrijhoef, H. J., Bont, A. D., Arends, R. Y., & Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2015). Collaboration processes and perceived effectiveness of integrated care projects in primary care: A longitudinal mixed-methods study. BMC Health Services Research,15(1). doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1125-4
Vasylyna, N. (2018, July 20). 6 Basic Criteria For Testing Requirements.
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