Systematic Review Of Diabetes Prevention Programs Within The Australian Context

Search Strategies for Conducting Literature Review

Question:

Discuss About The Guidelines Environment And Engineering?

A number of search strategies have been employed in order to conduct the literature review. The employment of a proper search strategy helps in including the required set of articles within the inclusion criteria. Additionally, key words versus index terms have been applied to narrow down the search to the authentic articles. The key words could be used to find out the journal titles, author name, article title and abstract. In this respect, a number of databases could be used to find out the relevant journals or articles. Some of the databases which could be used over here for searching articles include-MEDLINE, CINNAHL.
Apart from these EMBASE, COCHRANE library were also used as some of the other databases sources. Moreover, Boolean operators could be used for undertaking the search such as ‘OR’ and ‘AND’. Here, OR could be used for broadening the search by use of synonyms, where articles dealing with more or less similar concepts are generated at a time. The OR operator would retrieve articles containing each term separately or both the terms together (Popescu, 2015). The AND operator is used to narrow down the search by retrieving articles containing both the terms.

It is necessary to design a proper inclusion and exclusion criteria for the purpose of narrowing down the search to the right articles. The inclusion or exclusion criteria act as filters which helps in eliminating the unnecessary search results generated. Some of the parameters based upon which the search in conducted comprises of the inclusion criteria. The factors include the date of the published articles, participants experiencing deterioration in health condition reported recently along with language specific to a geographic location, act as filters which have been applied in the search strategy. The age group of the participants may also serve as an important parameter for narrowing down to specific searches.

For the present case study only articles published within the last 10 years have been considered the rest has been excluded. The articles published in English only have been taken into consideration. Additionally, the peer reviewed journals only had been considered along with grey literature such as technical reports and web based guidelines. For the present report inconsistent and self reported objectives had been excluded. The study designs where participants were interviewed at least once in a point of time were considered. The participants belonging to the old age group had been excluded or the ones experiencing end –of –life care or palliative treatment. Therefore, narrowing down the search strategies help in arriving at a suitable solution regrading the problem statement.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Narrowing Down the Search Results

For the current study diabetes management had been chosen and selected within the Australian scenario. In this respect, type 2 diabetes had been taken into considerations which have been found to have a major dominance worldwide. As reported by WHO (2013), there has been 1.5 million deaths due to type 2 diabetes in 2012 alone. Type 2 diabetes has been seen to  take the form of pandemic within the Australian context and has been found to be present more frequently with an increasing age (Dreyhaupt et al. 2012). However as argued by McPhail-Bell  et al. (2016), most of the ties the occurrence of the disease goes unreported owing to the lack of awareness. This calls for undertaking programs supporting diabetes awareness and promotion of community health. Here the 4Es had been implemented for the purpose of providing sufficient health education and control measures for the prevention of diabetes (Cook et al. 2011). In the present context, systematic approaches have been undertaken for the evaluation of the peer reviewed journals.

Item	Components and examples
Title	A systematic review of real-world diabetes prevention programs
Abstract	The systematic review focuses on identifying  critical success factors for implementation of diabetes control program within the real world settings
Rationale	There is a huge gap in the number of people availing the diabetes management program due to the lack of knowledge regarding the same and dearth of comprehensive prevention strategies
Objectives	·         To control the  adverse health implications of type 2 diabetes within the target population segment with effective self managerial techniques ·         To spread literacy regarding the development and prognosis  of  type 2 diabetes within the current population
Methods	A systematic review of measures aimed towards diabetes management was undertaken using the 4Es model.
Eligibility criteria	Study of specific characteristics and report characteristics using language, years considered for finding out the relevant journals and status of publication were used as eligibility criteria.
Information sources	Databases such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, along  with peer reviewed journals have been used as information sources
Data collection process	Conducting of cohort studies with regular reporting of data along with health survey analysis have been used for the data collection process.
Risk of bias	Publication bias along with selective reporting within studies can increase the chances of loopholes.
Outcomes to be predicted	The effect of the intervention methods in controlling the growing incidence of diabetes within the present population segment and positive impacts brought about by the same over health advancement strategies.
Synthesis of results	A systematic review have been conducted for arriving at the suitable result
Limitations	Reporting biases along with incomplete reporting  are some of the limitations
Summary of evidence/Conclusion	Therefore, implementation of program that has more number of participants can help in spreading the agenda of diabetes management wide and further. Additionally implementation of the 4Es program can further take the program any steps ahead.

Table 1:  Checklist for systematic review of diabetes prevention programs

(Source: Hunt, 2015)

Conclusion

The current assignment emphasises upon the health promotion and advancement strategies through implementation of educational programs along with enforcement of policy guidelines. For the purpose of which an extensive study has been conducted where sufficient and relevant data has been collected from different data sources such as CINNAHL, MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE among the few.  The data collected had been further evaluated through systematic review for its relevance in the context of diabetes management and control.  The systematic review had been used to design a number of research objectives. It is also includes engineering suitable technologies and intermediaries for dealing with the situation. For the current assignment type 2 diabetes management within the Australian community had been taken into consideration.  Thus implementing the diabetes awareness and management 4E programs within workplaces can help in the promotion of the health literacy strategies along with establishing the parameters of community welfare programs (Aziz et al. 2015). Therefore the goal is to develop a proactive environment where sufficient care and acknowledgment is provided to the ones suffering from diabetes (Peñalvo et al. 2013). As mentioned by Sørensen  et al. (2015) inculcation of technological interventions such as web based learning along with internet diabetes interventions can help in controlling the rates of type 2 diabetes within the concerned population. In this respect, the patient may have difficulty in attending the diabetes management classes. As mentioned by Zaidan et al. (2015) provision of mobile based health services through virtual interfaces could be used as effective health control measures. However as argued by Penman-Aguilar  et al.(2016) there are a number of challenges faced in the present context. Some of the difficulties arise due to the gap within the reporting parameters  which may be attributed to lack of sufficient resources or incomplete information being gathered (Jones& Barry, 2011).

Implementation of Diabetes Awareness and Management Program

In the present context, a systematic review has been conducted of the literature sources focusing upon type 2 diabetes management within the Australian context. For the current study the 4Es of health promotion had been taken into consideration for dealing with the health deterioration and promoting health with reference to the current pandemic.

Therefore a systematic review had been conducted for evaluating the different parameters of the research design. Further research objectives have been framed which would be utilised further for the conduct of the study and recording of the needful data. Thus a number of research objectives have been framed over here

• To control the adverse impact on health of type 2 diabetes within the target population group through implementation of self managerial techniques
• To spread literacy regarding the development and prognosis of type 2 diabetes within the target population group

References

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