In this case, the capital gain or loss is ascertained, as it is gathered from the overall sale of asset, which complies with “Section 108-20 of the ITAA 1997”.
A loss of $1,000 has been suffered on the part of Eric and this loss is due to the sale of the sound system. In addition, set off is not possible in this case, as per the “Section 108-20 of ITAA 1997”. This is because there is no consideration of loss depending on the disposal of assets for personal use. The set off associated with collectible losses is not possible compared to the common profits in the form of share selling and this is in line with the “Section 108-20 of ITAA 1997” (Alarie et al., 2014). In addition, such setoff is not possible to be considered, as per the “Section 108-10 of ITAA 1997”. Thus, Eric has managed to earn profit by disposing the ordinary assets and there is absence of existing year ordinary capital or other types of applicable minimisations (Joseph, 2014). Moreover, the overall capital gain of Eric is obtained as $15,000.
Conclusion:
From the above evaluation, it could be inferred that Eric could not offset the overall loss accumulated from collectibles, as the profit is made by disposing only the ordinary assets.
The provided case study primarily suggests the issue pertaining to the ascertainment of “Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT)” with special adherence to the “Taxation Ruling of TR 93/6”.
Calculation of fringe tax benefits (FBT):
The “Taxation Ruling of TR 93/6” clearly denotes that plans are often prepared on the part of the financial companies for offsetting the loan account and interest offset agreement could be the term used to describe this situation (Boll, 2014). The structuring of such products is made in a way in order to offset the interest incurred on the part of the clients. Henceforth, it is not the liability of the clients to incur any income tax amount in relation to profits earned from the account. Moreover, in compliance with the “Taxation Ruling of TR 93/6”, if Brian does not have to repay the amount of interest on loan to the bank, then the person would not need to incur any tax (Maddison & Denniss, 2013).
Conclusion:
Based on the above discussion, it could be clearly stated that if Brian does not have to repay the amount of interest on loan to the bank, then the person would not need to incur any tax.
The current case study primarily denotes that such issue is concerned with the loss distribution gathered from the rental property as joint ownership and the partners include Jack and Jill.
Based on the “Taxation Ruling of TR 93/32”, it comprises of the description of the divisionary net gain or loss from the rental property between the joint owners of the stated property (Braithwaite, 2016). Along with this, the ruling is adjudged primarily with the analysis of the taxable position of the joint owners, which are not accountable for conducting the values within actions. The existing situation of Jill and Jack takes into account the dissection of taxable position of the above-stated property. 10% of the overall property belongs to Jack and the remaining 90% of the property belongs to Jill.
As per the “Taxation Ruling TR 92/32”, the joint ownership of rental property is considered as a partnership for income tax. However, this is not taken into account as a single partnership at the common low besides the accounts of ownership for conducting value for any business practice. In this case, the joint ownership is adjudged as the partnership to satisfy the income tax purpose solely (Braithwaite, 2017). The loss incurred from the rental property is handled through the joint ownership of the rental property along with from the allocation of profits obtained from partnership and losses. The existing scenario of Jill and Jack depicts the joint ownership between them in relation to the rental property depending on income tax purpose and this could not be adjudged in the form of partnership in consideration with the common law (Dafflon, 2015).
With special adherence to the “Taxation Ruling of TR 92/32”, the joint owners of the rental property are not adjudged partners at common law. In this case, the agreement of partnership has been either in verbal or written, which has no impact on the shared value related to loss or income from the stated property. Henceforth, the joint owners of the rental property, Jill and Jack, would stick on to the asset in the form of joint renters as a sole common factor (Davis et al., 2015).
It has been observed in the case of “F.C. of T v McDonald (1987) ATR 957”, the taxpayer and his wife are the legal owners of two strata units of title in the form of joint renters. There has been a confirmed agreement between them, which depicts that the net gain from the rental property would be provided as 75% to Mrs McDonald and 25% to Mr McDonald. In this case, the overall amount of loss would be incurred on the part of Mr McDonald (Mitchell et al., 2016).
Conclusion:
From the above discussion, it could be stated that Jill and Jack need to allocate the loss equally and joint ownership could not be considered as partnership business.
The occurrence of avoiding tax has been quoted in accordance with “IRC v Duke of Westminster [1936] AC 1”. This case developed a principle, which denotes that each individual is permitted for ordering the affairs to allow the taxation assignment made in the Fitting Act. Such taxation allocation is less than the same (Dowling, 2014). Although it could not be adjudged that such ruling has been attractive for others to seek the tax avoidance in relation to the complex structures of law and the subsequent cases have weakened them, in which the courts have viewed at the entire effect. Depicting an instance of the court in the future stages are highly restrictive and these have been adopted under the “WT Ramsay v IRC principle”. There has been artificial pre-arrangement of the transaction and the service is not provided for commercial purpose (Halliday & Shaffer, 2015). The ideal regulation is to levy tax to extend the transaction in the form of overall fact.
In the modern scenario, the doctrine within Australia signifies that in case; an individual accomplishes success to secure the results, the Inland Revenue might be of the initiative and they could not be compelled to incur any enhanced tax amount (Ivec & Braithwaite, 2015). Along with this, it has been evaluated that such aspect enables the organisations and individuals to structure the financial agreements in relation to the fixed goals of minimising the tax liabilities depending on their structures within the law structure.
In the existing scenario, the assessment of income from selling the felled timber is evaluated under “Subsection 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936”.
In the current situation, it has been found that Bill is the owner of a large land, in which there are diverse pine trees. Bill intended to utilise the land for grazing sheep and the person wanted to clear the same. The person has invented a logging organisation, which is ready to pay $1,000 for each 100 metres of timber. The organisation could grab a portion from the land of Bill. The “Taxation Ruling TR 95/6” lays down the consequences of income tax generating the primary production activities and forestry (Parker, 2013). This ruling provides the limit to which the receipts ate obtained from the overall timber sale. This aspect comprises of assessable income to ascertain whether the tax payers are involved into the forestry sector activities. In accordance with “Subsection 6 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936”, the taxpayers are involved into the forest operation activities, which are adjudged as the primary creator.
According to “Subsection 6 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936”, the initial production is described commonly as the tree planting within plantation needed for felling forest (Taylor & Richardson, 2013). It has been observed from the provided case that Bill is adjudged as a basic producer, as he has been involved into the primary production procedures in accordance with the “Subsection 6 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936”. The forestry operations take into account the fall of trees in the plantation or forest; however, there is no concern on the part of the taxpayers regarding the planted trees.
As evaluated above, Bill is the owner of a large land; however, the person has not planted the trees. The entire receipt amount obtained from the part of Bill through selling the felled timber comprises assessable income of the taxpayers disposing regarding the trees not necessarily planted on the part of the taxpayers along with rendering for the objective of sale. This develops the portion of assessable income (Vatn, 2015). Despite such facts, the sales combine either full or partial business assets, in which the trees are undertaken as assessable income of the taxpayers in accordance with “Subsection 6 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936”.
On the other hand, if the taxpayer has incurred an amount of $50,000 through surrender of the obligation to the logging organisation in order to remove the needed amount of timber. In that case, the receipt amount would be taken into account in the form of royalties. According to the “Section 26 (f) receipt of royalties from the taxpayer to grant, the right of falling the timber on land obtained on the part of the taxpayer (Yan & Luo, 2016).
Conclusion:
It could be inferred that the receiving income from cutting timber would be adjudged as taxable proceeds in accordance with “Subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1997”.
References:
Alarie, B., Datt, K. H., Sawyer, A. J., & Weeks, G. (2014). Advance tax rulings in perspective: a theoretical and comparative analysis.
Boll, K. (2014). Mapping tax compliance: Assemblages, distributed action and practices: A new way of doing tax research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(4), 293-303.
Braithwaite, J. B. (2016). Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation: The Question of Evidence.
Braithwaite, V. (Ed.). (2017). Taxing democracy: Understanding tax avoidance and evasion. Routledge.
Dafflon, B. (2015). The assignment of functions to decentralized government: from theory to practice. Handbook of multilevel finance, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 163-199.
Davis, A. K., Guenther, D. A., Krull, L. K., & Williams, B. M. (2015). Do socially responsible firms pay more taxes?. The Accounting Review, 91(1), 47-68.
Dowling, G. R. (2014). The curious case of corporate tax avoidance: Is it socially irresponsible?. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), 173-184.
Halliday, T. C., & Shaffer, G. (Eds.). (2015). Transnational legal orders. Cambridge University Press.
Ivec, M., & Braithwaite, V. (2015). Applications of responsive regulatory theory in Australia and overseas: Update.
Joseph, S. A. (2014). The polluter pays principle and land remediation: A comparison of the United Kingdom and Australian approaches. AJEL, 1, 24.
Maddison, S., & Denniss, R. (2013). An introduction to Australian public policy: theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.
Mitchell, R., O’Donnell, A., Marshall, S., & Ramsay, I. (2016). Law, corporate governance and partnerships at work: a study of australian regulatory style and business practice. Routledge.
Parker, C. (2013). Twenty years of responsive regulation: An appreciation and appraisal. Regulation & Governance, 7(1), 2-13.
Taylor, G., & Richardson, G. (2013). The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 22(1), 12-25.
Vatn, A. (2015). Markets in environmental governance. From theory to practice. Ecological Economics, 117, 225-233.
Yan, A., & Luo, Y. (2016). International joint ventures: Theory and practice. Routledge.
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