Discuss about the Relationship between Technology and Job Opportunities.
Technology is reshaping the labour markets of the world. The 21st century is the witness of the expansion of the technology and its increased usage which bought a change in the world and its practices. According to Nubler (2016), technology is believed to create new jobs but it also poses a threat to the future jobs for people. The new age of technology is changing the fundamentals of future jobs. This research focuses on the relationship between Technology and job opportunities. It will cover the effect of the increased usage of smart devices and techniques on the creation of employment which is complex to determine.
The main purpose of the research paper is to identify the relationship between technology and the future of job creation or the effect on the employment opportunities for people. It is very important to determine this relationship as growing use of technology provides employment to many people but on the other hand, also reduces the need of manual jobs which makes people jobless. The paper will discuss about how a person can enhance his own skills and knowledge to fit in the changing world of technology.
The scope of the research project is wide as more or less every organisation in different industries uses technology and strives to improve their technologies just to fit in the competitive environment. There is a considerable scope for the companies to shape their employment policies and to align them with technologies so that the job creation can be enhanced and do not make people unemployed. Nowadays, there is a growing scope of technology implementation in the industries to address the competition at global level (Vivarelli, 2015).
According to the report prepared by World Bank Group (2015), technologies like advanced robots, machine learning, computers and laptops, mobile networking, cloud computing and big data and many more have seen a high growth in the past decade which has promised to have social and economic impact in the coming years (Acemoglu and Restrepo, 2016). This impact is mainly of employment of people as technology has created millions of jobs for people in IT and digital sector. The emerging economies are benefitted from this shift as it has employed millions of people and gave them a high standard of living. But there are also the spill over effects of the same (Dubin, 2017). Technology has taken over the jobs of many people who are not qualified and trained enough to deal with technology and were earning their living through manual jobs (Matuzeviciute, Butkus and Karaliute, 2017).
In the opinion of West (2016), technologies like Robots, artificial intelligence, 3-D printing and more is transforming the manual jobs into digital jobs. The industries and businesses now need fewer workers to perform the basic tasks. The past decades have already seen the transformation of blue collared jobs into white collared jobs. As per the report by World Economic Forum (2016), overall if the impact is measured then it is assessed that the outlook is positive towards technology. It increase job opportunities in many sectors and also enhances the skills of the employees. It helps many companies in attracting talents which are facing recruitment challenges. The government and industries should work together to upscale the skills of the workers and to prepare them for the future technology (Feldmann, 2013). It is also clear from the report that technology is not just the sole factor for the change in employment but there are other factors too like demographic and socio economic factors (changing work environment, geopolitical volatility, ethical issues, ageing societies and more).
The rapid increase in the use of technology have a mixed impact on the workforce. In many cases, it is observed that the adoption of technology have forced companies to downsize their employees because they are no longer useful for the company and they creates extra cost for the business (Aguilera and Barrera, 2016). For e.g. the driverless cars created by Google has reduced the need of employing drivers. But it is not surprising that the technological progress revamped the job creation and provided jobs to millions of people. It provides lifetime learning to the employees and helps them in retaining their jobs. The success of driverless cars impressed the manufacturers like general Motors and Audi to create cars which gives better mileage and lesser accidents. The workforce which is employed for creating the driverless cars got the job and provided them better pay and lifestyle (West, 2016). One more example of negative impact of technology on employment can be determine from the example of Google. The company is worth $3700 billion but employs only 55000 employees because it runs with technology but on the other hand, AT&T employs 10 times more the employees than Google do (Johnston and Marshall, 2016).
People have to upscale themselves in order to face the challenges of the digital industry and to learn how to work hand in hand with technology for which government can run training programs in collaboration with the industrialists (Aydalot and Keeble, 2018). It will also assist people in choosing the right job opportunity for themselves. The workforce need to be empowered. Human capital development will bridge the gap and will help in protecting the employees during the transition period and in the future (Marchant, Stevens and Hennessy, 2014).
The growing usage of technology in industries have increased the job opportunities for people in the digital field and IT sector. The use of digital tools and the shift of global business on digital platform benefits the employees to take advantage of the available opportunities. It enhances the skills of employees and reduces the risks of unemployment and job loss. Technology is therefore changing its relationship with employment (David, 2015).
By going through the literature review of the topic ‘Relationship between Technology and Job opportunities’, it can be observed that technology is both the advantageous and harmful for employment generation. It is not discussed that how companies can empower their workers and individuals can transform themselves as per the changing needs of the working industry. It will be determined by the help of the research. The literature helped in giving the scenario of the relationship between both the variables and now the research methods used will help in collecting more information to ascertain the final conclusion of the research.
Primary Question
What is relationship between Technology and Job Opportunities?
Secondary Questions
How technology is benefitting in creating the job opportunities?
What are the challenges of creating Job opportunities with increased use of technology?
The research methods helps to determine the process of research and data collection. It shows how the research is completed. The research is purely based on the mixed approach of research where both the qualitative and quantitative data is collected from various sources.
Process of Qualitative Research
The qualitative research process includes four steps which begins with the planning of research regarding the time and scope of the research. The second step is matching the research objective and research questions. The third step includes the homework for attaining the research goals and objectives and the last step is to collect, analyse and rearrange the data in order to develop the final research report with conclusions (Panneerselvam, 2014).
Reliability and Validity
The subject matter of the research issue is inductive because of which the researcher is able to build a theoretical framework. The data collected will be reliable as it will be collected from the genuine sources and from the ones which are recently published so that no outdated data forms the base of the research.
Sampling & Sample Size
Sampling refers to the method of selecting a specific set of respondents out of the whole population so that the research data can be gained and can be analysed (Flick, 2015). The results determine the conclusion for the whole set of population. For collecting qualitative data, non-probability sampling will be adopted because it helps in collecting the qualitative data. An open ended questionnaire will be developed in order to carry out the questionnaire survey for determining whether Technology is impacting the employment or not. The interview will be conducted on recruitment officers of 10 business organisations. The sample size is 10.
Data collection
Data will be collected from both the primary and secondary sources. Primary data which is the first hand data, which be collected through interviews from 10 recruitment officers in Australia
Specifications of Variables used in the research
There are few dependent and independent variables which are considered in the research. The independent variable in this research is the use of technology and the dependent variable is Job opportunities which is dependent on the usage of technology in industry.
Process of Qualitative Research
The process of quantitative research starts from the identification of the problem of the research for which the research is to be conducted. Then, the questions are developed. Literature review is conducted in order to get the opinions and views of different authors through secondary data. The research methodology is adopted according to which the whole research is conducted. Data is collected to get details for the topic and then that data is analysed. Discussion is carried out so as to match the data analysis and questions of research. The final step is to provide conclusion and recommendations for future research (Flick, 2015).
Research Instrument
The research will be conducted by exploring the data sources which are secondary in nature. The data will be collected both in the numerical and subjective form which help to attain the objectives of the research. Different sources which are been used for this purpose are textbooks, journal articles, newspaper articles, reports, government publications, websites and others. This data will finally support the data which is collected from the primary sources to get the appropriate conclusion of the research.
Quantitative Data analysis process
The data which is collected through secondary sources is analysed through a specific process which includes Data preparation, Data sorting, analysis of data through tools like SPSS or excel, presenting the data analysed through graphics and charts and then interpreting the data to determine whether the research questions are answered or not. This helps researcher in making future recommendations for research (Mackey and Gass, 2015).
Sampling & Sample Size
The sampling technique which is used to collect this type of data is Probability sampling technique where there is an equal opportunity to select the sources of information out of the whole population. Simple random technique sampling would be helpful here where 100 random employees will be selected to gain their responses for a developed close ended questionnaire. The sample size is 100 for the data collection.
Reliability and Validity of data
The data collected from the secondary sources and questionnaire as proper permissions are taken to access the data and it answers the main questions of the research. The data is referenced properly so that it is proved that no fake information is included in the research. The data collected through questionnaire is saved through strong passwords so that no alteration is done with the genuine and real data.
Data collection
Data collection is done through Primary and secondary sources. It is done in order to get sufficient information to meet the research objectives. Primary sources of data used in the research are interview and survey questionnaire and secondary data sources used for the research are published journals, articles, books, reports and websites.
There are certain limitations of the research. It is complex for the researcher to collect data from so many sources and then to integrate them. There was a limitation of funds and of resources. The sample size was taken minimum as time was limited and for the simpler interpretation of data collected. It was also a challenge to maintain the confidentiality and privacy of data collected from the respondents of questionnaire and interview.
It shows the time duration for each activity of the research.
|
S. No. |
Activities |
Duration of activity (Weeks) |
Details |
|
A |
Research planning |
1 |
This phase is the initial phase of the research which is required to create a blueprint of the whole process. |
|
B |
Implementation of plans |
1 |
This phase includes the implementation of the plans made in order to achieve the objectives of the research. |
|
C |
Data Gathering |
3 |
Primary and secondary sources are used to get the valid conclusions for the research. |
|
D |
Data analysis |
3 |
In this phase, analysis of the data collected is done with the help of discussions and statistical analysis which is then presented in charts and graphs. |
|
E |
Conclusion and recommendations of the research |
2 |
Conclusions are made and recommendations are provided for future research. |
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the above conducted research that there is a dynamic relationship between technology and Job opportunities. The research is conducted to find the relationship between both the variables and it is found that one depends on the other. If Technological change is properly planned and employees are trained for the same, it will not affect the employment. The research concludes that technology provides millions of Job opportunities but on the other hand, it has a dark side because growing use of technology makes people unemployed who are in into manual jobs. Technology can transform society and job creation if a strong collaboration is made between government and industries for developing the human capital. It will provide them massive opportunities and capable of facing the tough competition in the labour market.
References
Acemoglu, D and Restrepo, P (2016). The race between machine and man: Implications of technology for growth, factor shares and employment (No. w22252). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Aguilera, A and Ramos Barrera, M G (2016). Technological Unemployment: an approximation to the Latin American Case. AD-minister. (29), pp.58-78.
Aydalot, P and Keeble, D (2018). High technology industry and innovative environments: the European experience. Routledge.
David, H (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of workplace automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), pp.3-30.
Dubin, R (2017). The world of work: Industrial society and human relations. Taylor & Francis.
Feldmann, H (2013). Technological unemployment in industrial countries. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 23(5), pp.1099-1126.
Flick, U (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. Sage.
Holland, P and Bardoel, A 2016. The impact of technology on work in the twenty-first century: exploring the smart and dark side.
Johnston, M W and Marshall, G W (2016). Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge.
Mackey, A and Gass, S M (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.
Marchant, G E, Stevens, Y A and Hennessy, J M (2014). Technology, unemployment & policy options: Navigating the transition to a better world. Technology, 24(1), pp.26-44.
Matuzeviciute, K, Butkus, M and Karaliute, A (2017). Do Technological Innovations Affect Unemployment? Some Empirical Evidence from European Countries. Economies, 5(4), p.48.
Nubler, I (2016). New technologies: A jobless future or a golden age of job creation?. International Labour Office.
Panneerselvam, R (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Vivarelli, M (2015). Innovation and employment. IZA World of Labor.
West, D M (2016). What happens if robots take the jobs? The impact of emerging technologies on employment and public policy. Centre for Technology Innovation.
World Bank Group (2015). The Effects of Technology on Employment and Implications for Public Employment Services. G20 Employment Working Group Meeting.
World Economic Forum (2016). The Future of Jobs. Global Challenge Insight Report
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