The Causal Effect Of Corporate Governance Responsibility On Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Key CSR Roles and Responsibilities

Discuss about the Causal Effect of Corporate Governance Responsibility.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the social beneficial programme that implements the programmes and practices of the organisation to develop the culture of the organisation. There are some strategies that CSR used to take for the further development of an organisation and to make a good position in the globalised business market. There are some challenges that company governance has faced and CSR department has to take care of that. The most important part of this process is to deliver positive feedback for the company so that management can get to know the situation of the market and what permissible steps need to be taken for the sustainable development of the organisation.

The paper is entirely based on the key understating of CSR roles and responsibilities to work in an efficient way so that three practices of their commitment will perceive in a suitable way. The practices are influencing the increase employee loyalty and deliver the positive reputation of a company. The environmental consciousness and the social concerns are encouraging in that case and that somehow deliver the better situation analysis of the organisation. Profit, People and Planet are the three important factors that CSR department. In that case, the major accessibility is to highlight all these sections to clarify the outrange activities of the company, that people trust on. In this paper, two companies form two sectors have chosen (Schwartz 2017). Ford is a multinational company headquartered in the US and another is Nestle headquarter in Switzerland. Both these companies are formed diverse section and they have different CSR strategies altogether, and that is the reason their CSR importance is the right way to deliver the aspect. The sustainable strategy for the long run in business culture is the main aspect of CSR process and amalgamation of business understanding is the best process to evaluate their business.

There are some key areas that CSR department and they maintain their keen observation and monitoring over these. The first responsibility they consider is corporate governance and that fact is entirely based on the improvement of the company. The next aspect focuses on the ethics and compliance, where company’s ethics is the key aspect of the organisation (Tai and Chuang 2014). Human resource is the next aspect after this and in most of the cases; the better human resource can develop the infrastructure of the company. Responsibility supply chain is the key aspect of the organisation and through the supply chain; the entire process has been maintained. Quality and service is another important aspect that needs to be mentioned in that case and organisation is delivering their best quality product and services for the development of the organisation. The environment is one of the concern aspects for CSR, and they put their entire focus over that to make the process in a sustainable way. An organisation is the accumulation of community and in most of the cases, their engagement with is the path of developing progress. Through the community development, all genres of people work together and make some innovative move to the organisational success (Carroll 2015).

Advantages of Implementing CSR Practices

In case of gaining more advantages from the competitive market, CSR is the advanced version of implementation. The environmental supervision, eco-efficiency, responsible source of the process, social equity, good and understandable management and anti-corruption measures are the additional responsibilities that CSR department needs to take in an efficient manner. The process is good in such range, whereas operational cost saving and presenting the company as easy approach to marketing is effective for the organisation as well. The process is challenging in most of the cases when people are not engaging with the concerned company, then CSR department has to think about the alternative way (Aguinis and Glavas 2012). For the development of environmental safety, security and upgradation, the CSR has put their effort in that, and through their practice and efforts, the approaches are quite impressive for the organisation.

Universally, CSR is the intentional determination of Corporate to activate in an economic, social and environmentally justifiable manner. In practice, ample of the CSR actions completed so far has been motivated by the concerns of stockholders, companies, operation groups and consumers built in the world’s richest nations. In consequence of that, the CSR practices that are mostly mounted in rich nations are then internationalized and conveyed through businesses and social backgrounds by mode of international employment, investment, and expansion assist. The establishment of this model and the diminuendos of the rendezvous therein were arrived by following a counselling process by fetching with all stakeholders that staple (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). By doing this process, the government grabbed a constructive discussion with all apprehensive stakeholders to attain at the most applied and effective explanation of CSR that could also be moved out in an operation mode. In case of better approaches, the practices are important for the development of the organization.

There are some practices that need to be a highlight in that segment to understand the situation of the better practice in the organisation. Setting measurable goals is the first approach that companies can set for their positional development. An organisation and their respective CSR team need to understand their limitation and then propose their plan for to set goals that are measurable. Improving better recruitment, employee policies, decrease the turnover ratio and to develop the bonding in an effective manner of organisation development. Stakeholder engagement in a proper way is maintaining the proactively, values, mission, and strategies and delivers the innovation of the process in a right way (Kim, Park and Wier 2012). In case of potential crisis, supports from stakeholders are important and in case of moving forward of business the influencing manner are coming in an effective way of development. The mapping of sustainability issues is also important. Some of the key issues need to be narrow down by the CSR team so that effective process needs to be introduced. In case of mapping, some major priorities will not be taken, and that signifies these priorities are not effective enough for the particular organisation. To ensure the environmental social and economic concern a framework development is needed for the sustainable posting of the organisation.

Practices to Highlight for Effective CSR Implementation

CSR is a notion whereby companies not only reflect their productivity and evolution but also the attentiveness of society and the environment by taking accountability of the effect of their actions on stakeholders and all the associates of community range. The use of this process is quite practical as the achieving nature of meeting goals and objectives are the concerning aspects of that (Dhaliwal et al. 2012). In case of a better decision-making process, effective manner and touch of innovation is the right way to ensuring the achieving process of the company. Lifecycle assessment and cradle-to-cradle approach is the effective way of enhancing company’s creativity and innovation. In this sectional approach creativity matters and through that process better organisational maintenance can be done. Re-using of products and build customer rapport is the concerning aspect of this section and the product disposal rate identifies the position, source and quality of a company and through this process more life cycle assessment is done. Sustainability or engaging with the stakeholders’ initiation with the company is the concerning aspect of this stage (Bank 2012). An environment-friendly approach is the highlighting aspect of this practice and CSR executives evolve this aspect in their promotions to justify the positives of the company and delivering the best way of self-regulation also. Transparency is another key aspect of CSR practices, as they need to be transparent for the development of the organisation. Many cases are there where financial transactions are being taken place; in that case, CSR department needs to take the initiative to process those cases. So, transparency is the key objective in that case. Sustainability branding is the key aspect of practice in that case and alignment of market share is important in those cases (Crane, Matten and Spence 2013). Consumer savvy market and remaining use of the competitive form is the major concern for any of the organisation and the way CSR design their market structure with the use of customer base process.

Create stakeholders involvedness with CSR is the best outcome of this process and through this process, media consumption habits and incorporation strategies have discussed. Communication with the stockholder’s group is important as they managed the entire scenario of the management. Thus, their intervention will help the business practice to understand organisational limitation and state their future plan according to this.

There are some benefits that organisation has found to have for the better position of the organisation and in such cases, their involvement with the organisation helps them to influence the positive changes in the organisation. An effective change has been noticed in that process and genuinely organisation is being developed by the process of CSR activities. 93% of world largest 250 companies publish their CSR report; this is an indication to show that the organisation is monitoring all three aspects of business like product, price and planet (Servaes and Tamayo 2013). In case of planet and people, the main attraction of peoples’ satisfaction has come in that place. $17.8 billion amount has been invested by different companies in this last year and that showcases companies are trying to promote their brand and make a connectivity to join such situation that allows a better deal for the organisation. Employees who are convoluted with their company’s CSR programs will be more creative and job consummation levels will grow. This is good for conservation rates as well as employing successful future employees. Effective programs lead to happier staff, communal influence, and ecological sustainability (Aguinis and Glavas 2012). Possible clients and customers take a footnote of that and it generates a much stronger bond with them. The consumer is more expected to employ their money on a company that has a robust CSR program and activity. Some of the benefits are really important for the organisation as well as for employees.

Conclusion

Improvement of public image is the concern matter for the company and through the programmes; companies are promoting their brands and make a good shape of creating an image of the company in the mind of people. Through this donation process of a seminar, fair or any kind of volunteerism, the companies are enhancing the field that involves more people with them and that is the reason the organisation uses this process.

Another benefit that organisation can claim is the increasing media coverage. Through the community and social responsibility better benefit will be avail in the process for media uses. Though controversies or the bad news are spreading in the fastest manner the use of media coverage can help in publishing some good work also. Media visibility has shed some positive light on the work of the organisation.

Employee engagement is the correct way to enhance the CSR process of the organisation. Nearly 60% of the employees are improving their engagement issue with the organisation and delivering process helps to enhance the situation as well (Edmans 2012). Employees are the asset of the company and their involvement will rich the company by innovativeness, workplace and positional aspect in a globalised business field.

Investors are the concern benefit for an organisation. Investors are considered here as the stakeholders also so their initiation is needed for the development of the business. When companies are donating a huge amount of money to a non-profit organisation or charity function a huge promotion of the product has been done and free sample tasting is also there (Jo and Harjoto 2012). This process needs to be implemented for the better development of the organisation.

Operational cost saving and easier access to capital are the two most concern reason that consequently increase sales and provide customer loyalty to manage better organisational development and make completive advantages form the environment and people (Aguinis and Glavas 2012). The process can also surface greater ability to retain talent and staff management and these processes are also indulging some experience and innovativeness in business and considered as benefits for the CSR.

Some of the models are justifying the core management issues and participate in the integral part of the action and values. The foundation of corporate values affects the situation and dynamic change in their model deliver a combined effect on business (Mousavi et al., 2013). A mutual influence has come in that section to justify the real reason of CSR model and agreed with the applied principle of the model. In case of pyramid model is show the hierarchy and separate the responsibilities, whereas intersecting circle model is the non-hierarchical set of responsibilities and the last one is the concentric model and it shares all things in a central core. The theoretical assumptions of these three models are:

Assumptions	CSR Pyramid	Intersecting Circles	Concentric Circles
Nature of CSR	Responsiveness is normative and that restrains in some cases.	The framework is class in sense of no normative guidance is applied over the framework.	The model signifies incurred obligation for the social development.
Scope of Responsibilities	The scope is narrow in that case.	This work in a split form and opportunities are also getting split in that section.	This has a wide range of responsibilities.
Total CSR	The form of total CSR is a conjunction and formed in a compact way.	This is a disjunction form of CSR process.	The integration process is persisted in that section.
Importance	The basic importance of this model is to place in the hierarchy form and economic responsibilities will be considered as the best form of this process (Khan, Muttakin and Siddiqui 2013).	There is no such hierarchical order has been placed so the importance is quite clear in that from.	This is an inclusion system so the factor of the economy is placed in the middle of the model.
Role of Philanthropy	The assumption is placed to garnish the process, as there is an extra effort that philanthropic process is doing on.	Subsumed under the economic process and that process as the ethical responsibilities are the concerned aspect of this model.	This is an integral part of CSR and in that case, the addressed role is the correct form of business as well.
Relationship	The relationship is positive in that case.	In this case, the relationship varies as the aspects are intersecting each other so there is a chance to have the mix and match the emotions (Emeana 2013). So positive negative or neutral relationship may be persisted.	This is the process where a non-linear relationship is formulated.
Justification for CSR	This is ethical pay for maintaining the situation.	The process of strategic consideration is persisted in this section.	A normative obligation is present in that case and in most of the cases, this applied range has established.

The use of triple bottom line process is the concerning aspect of this process and that is the reason three aspects of accounting framework is aligned with. The three aspects are social; environment and economic process are the main aspects of performance evolution. These are inter-related in some cases and that term is consisting al the process. In case of the social aspect, charitable consideration is the best process to define the matter (Jo and Harjoto 2012). In consist of trade and employee welfare also. The social upgradation is required in that case as the proposed thinking of social lining is important in that case. The next section of the triple bottom lining process is environment aspect.

The environmental matters are segmenting their process into three sections also. The resource consumption is the main process in business and through the aspect of environmental safety; all the companies are doing same at the moment. The next concern is the waste management and organisation needs to take concern over the process (Kitzmueller and Shimshack 2012). At the initial level of business understanding most of the companies are concerned with their profit aspect but now the situation has come when they have to take care of the environment as well. The relationship is so mandatory that every organisation now taking their CSR initiative for the further development of their company. The land use is the concerning aspect of environment process; if the concerned industry somehow wastes the land then media people will ruin the position and culture of the company. CSR department takes care of this section to make a profitable process for the company as well as for the environment. The last section of triple bottom line is economic. The section of economic access is crucial as the bottom line signifies the profit or loss at its best marginal level and after that process; the thing will not be processed in a suitable way. Cost, Revenue generation and the final growth are the concerning aspect of business and through the process of the growth, a company can claim a better position in the market.

In this aspect, companies from the different country are the evaluating aspect of these. This is the concerning aspect, which CSR report will be different but the real eye of business to make the profit is the same. Ford is an American multinational company and Nestle is a Switzerland multinational and both are dealing with separate products. Ford is basically dealing with motor car industry whereas Nestle is dealing with different kinds of food products.

Ford is one of the prestigious automobiles companies in America and all products they deliver are the new way of innovation. The aspect of innovation is the concerned process that Ford has implemented in their company and through these process products like the luxury vehicle, automobiles, commercial vehicles and automobile parts is generated by the company. The net income of the company shows the hike and the amount is US$7.605 billion in 2017. The total asset of the company will be US$257.809 billion and CSR department needs to monitor that case so that company procedure will be placed in the right way (Corporate.ford.com 2017).

The sustainable strategy of the organisation is not just selling more numbers of cars rather they want to make improve people lives and change for the better. The major responsibility of the company is to address the proper issues that affect people and planet. They want to mitigate those issues and bring high growth mobility that develops the company strategy. They redesign the companies to transform the growth of the company in a smoother way (Corporate.ford.com 2017). The value creation aspect of the company is to make profitable and sustainable growth that improves the structure of an organisation. The priority is on the growth aspect, which also connects people and their disruptive processes. The stakeholders initiation and develop the effective relationship with them help the company to evolve their nature to make more engagement with the organisation. Some of the regulatory processes have implemented in that case like electric cars, automatic cars, which do not affect the environment and ensure the health and safety process for people. Due to the better CSR system, the process is formulated and that is the reason most of the technical amendments are done in that organisation. A strong CSR aspect presents in the organisation and that will provide support in case of efficiency and better management. There is integrated sustainability process is executed in that case and organisation is fortified to follow the better way of management. Some of the important aspects are:

• The process of changing climate is the concerning aspect of The Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS). Involvement of CSR is the right option for the company as they deliver the right process to save the environment and to gain competitive advantage at the same time (ford.com 2017).
• Ford reduces their vehicle emission through their products. The alternative use of fuel is persisted over here and that affects the global environment also. For the sustainable development of the organisation light weighting structure of the vehicles are the concern aspects of the company.
• The art of manufacturing process has been changed through this involvement of reducing global co² system and cars are not fuel formatted rather these are originated in form of electrical (ford.com 2017).
• Ford has identified the market trend and this movement revises their engine trend and makes cars that can move in affordable fuel engagement. This is the process major trend in market follows and Ford follows the same but in a different way as their products are unique and effective in the market.

Ford is expanding their market by the use of the changing organisation pattern for business and in case of global mobility; the process is impacting the most. They have identified most of the pollution has occurred in crowded cities. So maintaining or mitigating these process better and effective technologies need to be used from Ford, as the priorities have been changed at that moment (Corporate.ford.com 2017). Nature is at the verge and that is quite easily understood by the company as well so they have made some alternative way to reduce waste factor in the environment and mentioned that their car does not pollute in a higher range. There is three emerging opportunity has introduced by Ford.

These three aspects are emerging for Ford and they develop their marketing standard for the development of the positional analysis in this globalised business management. The CSR expertise is the concerning aspect of this company and commercializes the scale is the best effect that technological determination has taken place. That value process of customers and the transformation of customer experience is the main aspect of this. In case of marketplace orientation and appreciation, a paramount responsibility is persisted for the company. All the governance values and amendments are the major concept that changes for the initiation of stakeholders and manages or operates the process in a right aspect (Corporate.ford.com 2017). Vehicle environment matters for the company and that is the reason most of the mobility strategies are executed in the right form. Ford’s leaders are planning for business plan review and for the better sustainability approach of the organisation. The major aspect of this state is to review the process in a right order and has a special attention review for the development of actions.

For the sustainable condition for the company, some of the aspects are quite essential. Strategy and governance, customers and products, operation process and implementations, People and communities and performance and data are the main aspects of this process and most of the positive aspects are coming in that case. “The purpose of any company should be to make people’s lives better. Otherwise, they shouldn’t exist.” opined by Bill Ford. The company is taking care of nature and environment and they try to implement the same policy in their market (Corporate.ford.com 2017). The implication of climate change is very profound and it has been noticed for years. Climate change all the issues are threatening the human existence and rather devastated in some places. The solution needs to be made as the process is so harmful that no such resources will leave in that case for the development of business or to survive either. The proper way of buying a right thing that may curtail the environment hazards –that influence the thought of the electric car or automatic car concept. 82 facilities around the world are true zero waste to landfill.20 million pounds of aluminium recycled per month (Corporate.ford.com 2017). From the concept of the recycling process, they manage the waste controlling. Ford is the world’s most ethical company and them proud to declare that moment.

Train each other is the process that they occasionally happened in between that and communities’ engagement is the right way for the company to deliver more innovative products for the organisation. The company is so concerned with the environment they develop the automation car and originate soy-foam seats for the passengers. The emission of co² reduces 20 million pounds a year. That huge amount of emission signifies the total amount of pollution level for the organisation and thus they try their hard to change the scenario for the company as well (Corporate.ford.com 2017). Smart vehicles can deliver real environmental benefit and this opportunity to create future here for the next generation. The environment will be clean and able people to move around the world and this evolution in the world will provide them with an impressive sustainability and they have found the obligation that world they have a lot healthier than what they live. This is the entire sustainability process that Ford has done in their career till now.

Nestle is one of the most recognised food companies in the world. The form of transactional food is the main asset for the company from Switzerland. In the Forbes global 2000 list of the accumulation of largest companies, the company stands at 33^rd position. All the necessary food like baby food, medical foods, cereals, breakfast, coffee and tea, confectionaries, dairy products, pet foods, frozen foods, snacks and many more are the unlimited version of foods and the new products are also enriching day after day (Nestle.com 2017). So this is the major influencing factor for the organisation to have the better position in the market. As the company deals with the food products thus CSR intervention is very much required in this aspect. The revenue has made a good rise in 2017 as CHF89.8 billion was earned in that year.

The approach of the operation process of doing the business for so long is the major aspect of this business shared value. The company considers that purpose of the business is to enhance the quality of the life and contribute healthier future for people. For maximising the value of the company, three aspects are highlighted in that case like nutrition, rural development and water. 

Value Creation
Nutrition	The nutrition process is important for the company and the deliver their best product as children live are related to that (Nestle.com 2017). If people become happy and healthy by consuming their product then only they enlisted as the existing customer of the company. Strong individual nutrition and nutrition for the family is the concern reason behind that.
Rural development	Communities’ development is another aspect that related to the matter as better livelihood and support in work is persisted in that case. Rural development in an aspect of quality of food development, health and safety all these aspects are related to the healthier future.
Water	The aspect of lynchpin of food security is the concerning aspect of this situation. All these issues need to access by Nestle for the development of their marketing as well as people health and security issues.

The global opportunities are found in individual and family cases, for the entire community cases and for the environment or planet. The situation assemble all three aspects of CSR as the main responsibility of CSR is to concern with profit, people and plant and these threes aspects are highlighting in this case. In case of individual and families over and under nutrition factors are addressed by Nestle. There are several diseases that children and adults have faced with iron-deficiency anaemia, deficiency in vitamins and minerals are the concern factor for this process (Nestle.com 2017). Increasing personalisation is a high-end experience that provides effective support for people. In case of community development managing human rights is the concern issue for the management. Global agriculture is the kind aspects that development that help in sustainable agriculture. In case of youth, employability is another process to innovate in the organisation. In the aspect of water security, population growth and urbanisation is the concern effect that maintains the population (Nestle.com 2017). In case of Nestle, they need to understand the density of the nation and this is needed for the company to get an assumption right.

Year	Shared values that enhance CSR activities
2006	The value chain framework of the organisation had been done in this year and effective use of the CSR over goods, products, and customers had been implemented in that year.
2007	Focus on the nutrition, water and rural development.
2008	Sustainability and compliance of shared valued launching is the key aspect of the company.
2009	The first shared value forum held in New York.
2010	Second value shared process held in London (Nestle.com 2017).
2011	GRI reporting process framework was adopted and on the basis of rural development third forum held in Washington DC.
2012	Meeting on global water challenge and the fourth form was done in India.
2013	Nestle assembled their market in society for that reason focus on nutrition and looking forward to better commitment had found in the company.
2014	The sixth forum has been done in Switzerland and entire meeting follows the trade and development issues in the market and the possible effects on human over this (Nestle.com 2017).
2015	The creating shared value comprised of the public commitment and the entire progress has highlighted the manner in this meeting.
2016	The overreaching ambition for 2030 was introduced in that session of a forum that had taken place in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. The Agro-hub process was first introduced at that time (Nestle.com 2017).

The ambition of Nestle for individual and families is to enable a happier life through their products. The product signifies the quality and also delivers good food to maintain a good life. For the development of communities, thriving and resilient communities is the taken global agenda for the company (Nestle.com 2017). For the planet or the issue of environment stewarding resources are the key aspects of this process. The Shared value for the customer signifies in that case and impact on the areas of following:

Conclusion

Therefore it can be concluded that CSR is one of the most important aspects of the organisation to get the better result and make productivity in long run. The three aspects of profit, people and people are the concern issues that need to take care of the organisation and that is the reason CSR has been implemented in a company. Here, Ford and Nestle – both the companies are taken to evaluate the sustainability report of these organisations and also maintained a possible opportunity that CSR can find for the betterment of companies.

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