Discuss about the Scope of Techno Ethics In Contemporary Society.
Ethics can be termed as the correct way of doing things not only in an organization but also in the society. In this case, ethics is more important in all fields in the current epoch. Information communication Technology (ICT) is one of the fields that require ethics for the purpose of handling most global issues effectively. Just to mention ethics cannot be sublimed at any cost in the field of ICT. Occasionally, the technology used in the field of ICT can create or contribute to these ethical issues. The technology should adhere to the rules and expectations of all the experts in the field of ICT (Weckert et al., 2013). An expert who does contrary to what is expected is therefore violating the ethical issues which might pose a problem not only in the society but across the world. Cyber crime is one of the ethical issues that arise from the use of ICT. Apparently, Cyber crime can create a problem to any user of technology if other factors are not put into considerations. The main purpose of this essay is to point out one ethical issue arising from the use of ICT that has been reported in the press in the last year as illustrated below.
Cyber crime is one of the ethical issues that can arise from the use of technology across the world. Cybercrime is a type of crime which consists of a computer system and its network. Cybercrime is unethical and should not be entertained at any cost (Simpson et al, 2003). Apparently, this is because the computer system is used to commission crime. The ethical issue arises because offense is committed against individuals with the aim of harming the victim reputation. Additionally, it causes mental and physical torture of the victims. Cybercrimes may threaten a group of people and the nation’s security at large. The United States of America has categories Cybercrimes into three categories with the first one being the crimes which computing devices are the major target (Quigley, 2011). The second type of Cybercrime which is unethical is the one that the computer system is the weapon such as launching a denial of service. The last category is the whereby the computer is used as tool to accomplish criminal offenses (Simpson et al, 2003).
The views of the author regarding ethical issues in the field ICT are better than the opposing views because Cybercriminals have various ways in which they attack the computer user using different vectors (Patrignani & Whitehouse, 2018). The cyber attackers have new techniques and methods which help them achieve their goals. Additionally, they keep one avoiding any form of detection which can lead to their arrest. There are various types of attacks which the cyber attackers use to accomplish their missions (McLean, 2011). Distributed DoS attack is one of the tools that these criminals prefer in shutting down systems and network to some of the computer users. In my own view, the shutdown of the system without the user consent is unethical because it makes their work more difficult. The attack uses a protocol which causes inability to respond to the connection requests. DoS attackers behave unethical for the reason that they are used to distract the victim from other attacks (Simpson et al, 2003). On the other hand, they can do it for malicious reasons.
In my opinion, it is unethical to infect systems and networks with malware. The malware is used to harm the computer users and make their work more difficult as far as technology is concerned. For instance, the data or system software is damaged by the use of ransom ware but the malware is used to shutdown the system until the ransom is paid. The method is used by the attackers to acquire payment from the users before going on with their task in the computer system. However, it is unethical to collect money from computer users for the purpose of blackmail. Every computer user has a right to carry out tasks without any form of payments that acts as manipulation. Phishing campaign is another unethical practice in the field of ICT that cyber attackers use to send fraudulent email to users enticing them to download attachments. The user can also click on links that can spread viruses to the whole system or the company network. On the other hand, credentials attack can be implemented by the cybercriminals to guess the users’ passwords for personal accounts. The attackers force attacks by installing key sniffer software. Also, they can exploit vulnerabilities in software or hardware which can expose the target user credentials and IDs (Mambi, 2010).
Therefore, it is unethical in the field of ICT for the Cybercriminals to attempt to hijack or delete the content of the victim. In my opinion, they do this to modify the database without authorization which is an unethical. For instance, a cybercriminal may use an SQL injection exploit to insert malicious code into the website that is used to manipulate the dataset in the computers system (Kimppa et al., 2014). The hacker will be able to tamper with the records and can also get the customer credentials (In Luppicini, 2018). More so, technology has enabled the cyber criminal to gain unauthorized data for the purpose of malicious use (Hilty & Aebischer, 2015). The use of ICT has been made difficult due to consistent cybercrimes not only in the United States of America but the whole world (Simpson et al, 2003).
The pros and Cons of ethical issues in the field of ICT involve the advantages and the disadvantages that arise from the ethical issues (Gunn & Taylor, 2014). As far as Cybercrime is involved, one of the advantages that the user gets is that the issue of fraud is addressed and make it easier for the user to tackle issues that revolve around ICT. On the other hand, one of the major disadvantage is that it paralyses easy use of network in the current epoch (Albin?ana, 2011).
In conclusion, the technology used in the field of ICT can create or contribute to these ethical issues which create a difficulty in using the computer as a tool that makes work easier. However, the technology should adhere to the rules and expectations of all the experts in the field of ICT who anticipate any form of ethical issue that can pose a problem to the computer users. In this case, Cyber crime is one of the ethical issues that arise from the use of ICT if the measures and securities are not installed by the computer users. Cybercriminals have various ways in which they attack the computer user using different vectors. The cyber attackers have manipulated new techniques and methods which help them achieve their malicious and unethical goals. On my opinion, they do these to modify the database without authorization which is an unethical. For instance, a cybercriminal may use an SQL injection exploit to insert malicious code into the website that is used to manipulate the dataset in the computers system. The hacker will be able to tamper with the records and can also get the customer credentials which have posed a problem in the field of ICT. Apparently, Cyber crime can create a problem to any user of technology if other factors are not put into considerations. Therefore, Cyber crime is one of the ethical issues arising from the use of ICT that has been rampantly reported in the press in the last one year.
References
Albin?ana, M. (2011). Media-ICT. Barcelona: El Consorci de la Zona Franca de Barcelona.
Gunn, J., & Taylor, P. (2014). Forensic psychiatry: clinical, legal and ethical issues. CRC Press.
Hilty, L. M., & Aebischer, B. (2015). ICT for sustainability: An emerging research field. In ICT Innovations for Sustainability(pp. 3-36). Springer, Cham.
In Luppicini, R. (2018). The changing scope of technoethics in contemporary society.
Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference.
Kimppa, K., Whitehouse, D., Kuusela, T., & Phahlamohlaka, J. (n.d.). ICT and Society [recurso electrónico]: 11th IFIP TC 9 International Conference on Human Choice and Computers, HCC11 2014, Turku, Finland, July 30 – August 1, 2014. Proceedings.
Mambi, A. J. (2010). ICT law book: A source book for information and communication technologies & cyber law in Tanzania & East African community. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota.
McDermid, D. (2015). Ethics in ICT. Pearson Australia Pty Ltd.
McLean, A. (2011). Ethical frontiers of ICT and older users: cultural, pragmatic and ethical issues. Ethics and information technology, 13(4), 313-326
Patrignani, N., & Whitehouse, D. (2018). Slow tech and ICT: A responsible, sustainable and ethical approach. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Quigley, M. (2011). ICT ethics and security in the 21st century: New developments and applications. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.
Sampson, J. P., & Makela, J. P. (2014). Ethical issues associated with information and communication technology in counseling and guidance. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(1), 135-148.
Simpson, C., Nevile, L., & Burmeister, O. (2003). Doing Ethics: a universal technique in an accessibility context. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 10(2).
Weckert, J., Lucas, R., & In Selgelid, M. J. (2013). Professionalism in the information and communication technology industry.
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