It is very important for an organization to ascertain and ERP system as it contains most important topics in relation to the information technology and accounting aspects of a business. It has been observed that in the last 10 years there have been many Greek companies who have adopted the use of ERP systems in their management systems which will help them to face the competition of industry and also teach them to survive in the market. An ERP system can be defined as a group of business application or module which connects several units of organizations such as financial, accounting, manufacturing and human resources of an organization into a single integrated system which have a common goal to achieve (Barney & Ray, 2015).
If already in practice, it is very difficult to analyze that software is an ERP system or a non-ERP system. This can be done by integrating different type of functional areas of the organization in order to classify the criteria’s. The word integration is generally linked to enterprise applications for ERP (Francen, 2014). Integration may be defined as the process of making such type of tasks to be done together by the use of information which has been collected from different interfaces. All the functions that are carried out by the integration are very important for the adoption of ERP system in an organization. It has been noticed that all the integration problems are not solved by the use of ERP system because the businesses don’t want to wind and their Legacy systems so that the integration of the functionality can be done in the different type of applications. ERP systems cannot be the proper solution for all the problems in business but can help in improvement of the integration task. There are many forces that influence the business organization in order to order the ERP system. The recent service indicates that the motivation of Organisation in order to adopt ERP systems is basically divided into two categories: technical reasons and business reasons (Garfield & Edelglass, 2011). Also, a clear analysis of the financial and nonfinancial benefits that will be obtained by the organization, if it uses an ERP system has been depicted.
Using an ERP system in an organisation is a very challenging task. The success of the system will depend on the performance of the different type of sectors such as the revision and alteration of the processes of the company, re-engineering, employee’s different type of training, different type of software’s that are being used by the organization, etc (Layton, 2007). Also, there are factors having a need of involvement and commitment from the company so that the recommendations that have been made for the implementation of the new and advanced IT projects can be made in a proper manner. The application of ERP system in an organisation is a very diverse function which is operated and administered after assessment of all the processes of an organisation. The performance and work of an accountant can be affected in many ways. Also a clear indication have been made that the ERP is premiere example of changing the relationship between the management systems and the accounting systems of the organisation. In the early years it was clearly noticed that the accounting systems were the main focus of organisations in order to conduct their business. But after the implementation of SAP it have been seen that all the accounting modules integrate with each other to form a common database which helps to provide the business with consistent information which can be used for many purposes. This type of integration has both threat and opportunity for the Management Accountants (Kamiru, 2015). It has also been studied at even in the case of multinational companies the Management Accountants have to widely rely on the company-wide accounting system which will help them to provide information for the operational tasks of the business (Basta et. al, 2013). Therefore because of all these factors it has been observed that the control of the Management Accounting have diminished in the local delivery systems which have also called the decentralization of data, information and knowledge. The individual managers are having the permission to directly access the system of information which they want to assess. They can directly access the documents by the use of their personal computers but in many cases there have been manager who does not know how to access it or the availability of data which is present for them (Gill, 2011). This type of cases arise the need of educational roles of the Management Accountant. The application of the new information system has improvised the business processes and removes many traditional functions which have improved the operational working of the organisation (Turban, 2008). Therefore it can be said dieter Thoreau interpretation of data provided by recipe system is needed by and Management Accountant so that he can understand the business processes by the assessment of data and then help to support the business managers in their particular functional and operational areas. Many theorists have established the fact that the application of new IT systems in the organisations which use ERP and SAP have resulted in great improvisation in the accounting processes which are carried out by the companies. The information is clearly depicted in the files which can be accessed by the managers and accountant so that they can make decisions using it (Turban, 2008). There have been contradictions between the operational tasks of accountant and Management which have created a concern for the reduction of importance of Accountants role in an organisation. This clearly depicts that the accountant no more has full control over the data of organisation. Also have also have been mentioned that the company is having a unique and uniform system that provides it with consistent information. The assessment of the data control system of the organisation also said that the Accountants were fully aware of all the customisation process and decisions of the structure of the accountancy department of the company (Gill, 2011). The data that have been collected turns out to be used by all the companies which are running under this corporate segment. Hence, it can be said that the use of ERP system improvisers the system of the organisation by the use of the Unique database.
Enterprise Resource Planning systems are largely installed in universities. These are one of the largest software applications. For the purpose of installing Enterprise Resource Planning systems, the universities are required to make certain investments. Research and surveys were done in a university environment for facilitating such systems. The particular report will project the past research in Enterprise Resource Planning systems in higher studies putting a significant emphasis on higher education in Oman. Previous researchers and reasons behind such researchers will be understood in the report along with the identification of payoff of Enterprise Resource Planning systems in all the sectors from the different user point of views and references.
The application of lean manufacturing concept in service operations is termed as lean service. It is a service system that is standardized and is only formed by the client by adding valuable tasks, emphasizing on tangibles and pre-evaluating price and quality. The word lean is used mostly in a service industry and is employed in both public and private sectors. Lean principles are the basis of lean service implementation where certain alterations are accounted for service industries. Corporate should always put significant focus on its purpose, process, and people so as to move towards Lean Management. Setting the purpose and classifying the processes by means of aligning its people is the groundwork so as to achieve Lean Management.
The central idea of Lean Management is to create value by eliminating waste. Lean philosophy is still evolving continuously in literature and in its applications as well. Initially, the research work on its applications was done in the health domain after which it was implemented in financial and government institutions. Later it extended in the transportation domain and in the last decade it was also implemented in the education domain or to be precise it was adopted in HEIs (Higher Education Institutions).
Since centuries the prime agenda of higher education domain is to educate. This sector is the most irremovable of all the sectors. There are many factors construing towards the changes in Higher Education Institutions such as the ever-rising parental interference regarding the quality of education, greater public expectations regarding what such institutions should deliver, alterations in the numbers of students and education costs and lastly focus on institutional ratings and goodwill (Brien & Marakas, 2009).
It is the duty of the Higher Education Institutions in Oman to disseminate and create knowledge and educate students in the right manner so as to prepare and transform them into learned members, experts and future leaders of society (Porter, 2008). The world is rapidly changing in a way that there is a continuous development and the skills and knowledge of a personnel are regularly tested. For such purpose, the HEIs are required to prepare the students in a manner that they overcome all such hurdles and make the best use of their skills, aptitude, knowledge, and degrees. The Higher Education Institutions are expected to deliver higher which becomes difficult at the same time owing to regular cuts in the budgets which makes it compulsory for them to reconstruct its organizations and to utilize its resources appropriately. This allows the Higher Education Institutions to succumb to the competition and overcome various obstacles and develop a competitive advantage over others.
Most institutions have installed or are on its way to install an Enterprise Resource Planning knowing that such research has always ignored the need for higher education domain not only in Oman but across the globe. Therefore, in order to overcome this, there has been the formulation of research work in Enterprise Resource Planning related issues. This will help in evaluating the potential benefits derived by the organizations from such systems (Porter, 2008). Enterprise Resource Planning is current one of the largest software investments but it may not be the last one for the institutions are in the process of renewing and implementing systems that are broader in the future and that allows the need for more efforts related to research in the particular domain. Research has been made in an ample number of scenarios, circumstances and in various domains as well. Also, a lot of research on ERPS was made in the context of HEIs for various reasons (Shanker, 2013). Out of which most of the findings were focused on analyzing the Enterprise Resource Planning installation and its success and its results in terms of its outcomes or reasons behind its installation failure. The conclusion gathered from such research reflected that Enterprise Resource Planning systems were installed so as to better its services for students, teachers, faculty, and staff. It was noticed that almost half of such installations crossed budgets and were not able to meet the deadlines. Such research work ignored the individual viewpoint and concern of the users but created awareness and revealed various significant contributions of Enterprise Resource Planning system in HEIs (Tucker, 2017).
By installing and applying Enterprise Resource Planning system, the HEIs are sustaining in the IS era. ISs are significant factors that can affect tasks, staff, and quality of services and outcomes. It is very important for HEIs to install IS so as to succeed in the industry and gain competitive advantage. There are various issues in IS that are required to be focused on so as to overcome such hurdles that come in the way of its installation (Tucker, 2017). It would be of great help to the organizations and practitioners if necessary actions are taken so as to fix the issues related with the conceptualized frameworks and detail research work is executed so as to analyze the relationship between Enterprise Resource Planning systems and their results and task requirements in HEIs (Shanker, 2013).
ERPs are required to be thoroughly researched and not just focus on its technical issues or installation issues for these issues do not evaluate its impacts or outcomes. It is highly advisable to analyze the important aspects and factors that determine the actual benefits that could have been derived from the users and institutions as they could impact the educational outcomes. In order to determine the impacts of IS one must not ignore the comprehensive models for its impact on individual performance has always been an issue in the IS area. There is a need for such HEIs that make investments in its Enterprise Resource Planning systems as and when required.
References
Barney, J. and Ray, G. (2015). How information technology resources can provide a competitive advantage in customer service. Planning for Information Systems [online]. 3(2), 444-460. DOI: 10.4236/me.2015.63038
Basta, A., Basta, N., & Brown, M. (2013). Computer security and penetration testing. Cengage Learning.
Brien, J and Marakas, G. (2009) Management Information Systems. McGraw-Hill.
Francen, E. (2014). The 5 W’s of Information Security [online]. Retrieved from: https://www.frsecure.com/the-5-ws-of-information-security/ [Accessed 29 May 2018]
Garfield, L. and Edelglass, W. (2011) The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy. Oxford University Press.
Gill, R, (2011) The rise of two-tier ERP. Strategic Finance. [online]. 93(5), pp.35-40. Available from: https://www.scc-co.com/hubfs/docs/An-In-Depth-Review-of-Enterprise-Resource-Planning.pdf?t=1525987175614 [Accessed 30 May 2018]
Kamiru, A.N. (2015) Adoption of open source software by the telecommunications industry in Kenya. University of Nairobi.
Layton, T.P. (2007) Information Security: Design, Implementation, Measurement, and Compliance. Boca Raton. FL: Auerbach publications.
Porter, M. (2008) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. Free Press
Shanker, S. (2013) The Difference Between Traditional Accounting & Computerized Accounting [online]. Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-traditional-accounting-computerized-accounting-4021.html [Accessed 30 May 2018]
Tucker, A. (2017) 5 technology trends set to impact accounting most [online]. Available from: https://www.accountantsdaily.com.au/columns/10008-5-technology-trends-set-to-impact-accounting-most [Accessed 30 May 2018]
Turban, T. (2008) Information Technology for Management, Transforming Organizations in the Digital Economy. Massachusetts: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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