Sustainable tourism development stands for a set of guidelines and management practices that apply to all types of tourism in different destinations including the niche tourism segment as well as mass tourism segments. Sustainability in tourism refers to the economic, environmental as well as socio-cultural aspects of tourism development that need to be established between the tourism infrastructure to guarantee its long-term sustainability (Streimikiene et al., 2021). Alongside this identification, it is also determined that the sustainable tourism industry offers enhancement in environmental aspects as well as promotes socio-economic pillars of tourism areas. Followed by determining the benefits of sustainable tourism this paper aims to discuss the role of tourism to ensure peace across the tourist spots and country. This research will be conducted by critically evaluating two research articles that present the most recent information and analysis of sustainable tourism towards providing peace.
According to Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain (2021), United Nations sustainable development goal 16 aims to foster inclusive and peaceful societies to ensure the development of sustainable tourism. Furthermore, it is determined that Peace through tourism is one of the innovative contexts that can be applied to emerging critical thinking on ecocide and decolonization to illuminate the requirement for a better engagement in multi-logical, critical thinking as well as multi-layered in the tourism studies. From the above analysis, it can be stated that peace through tourism has become one of the trending approaches that have the potential to upsurge the revenue and tourism management capability to obtain better social-economic and cultural benefits (Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain 2021).
Trogisch and Fletcher (2020) presents a study on Fortress tourism. This article is developed by exploring the dynamics of tourism, security, and peace around the Virunga transboundary conservation area. According to this research people, the tourism industry experienced a significant threat due to the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic however before the spread of the coronavirus tourism industry was one of the fastest-growing industries across the world that was also promoting peace tourism as the key strategy to eliminate conflict between regions (Trogisch and Fletcher 2020). Followed by this identification in this research article a debate concerning the contribution of peace tourism initiatives in the politics around transboundary protected areas has been presented. Based on this analysis it is identified that peace tourism across VCA seems to be a large strategic approach towards the enhancement in the tourism sector to please the international conservation, international tourists, and development donors to secure the funding for the environmental projects as well as for the enhancement in tourism sectors.
Considering the increase growth demand and discussion on the “Peace through tourism” concept these two recent articles has been selected to proceed further.
Followed by a detailed analysis of Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain (2021) it is identified that the researcher mainly aims to present our discussion on peace through tourism concept. According to Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain (2021), tourism has been considered as one of the key contributors to sustainability and peace. This research has been developed by employing the concept of peace through tourism and the United Nations sustainable development goals alongside considering the peace through tourism proposition and understanding peace as well as violence in tourism. Throughout the research Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain (2021) has presented that tourism is one of the key contributors behind world peace as tourism is one of the services offered by hospitality and tourism industries that supply products and experience for the tourist to enjoy while they are on their vacations. Alongside this, it is presented that focuses on tourism and the concept of peace it is important to employ peace study disciplines as these disciplines are capable of guiding tourism industries to distinguish between positive and negative peas to the mind and society considering the harmony, equality, and justice. Alongside this, the literature also presents an analysis of peace through tourism during the pre-COVID situation. However, COVID has restricted the operations of the tourism industry which has presented an unpredictable consequence on socioeconomics due to the failure of the tourism industry. Furthermore, it is identified that in order to understand the dynamics of peace through tourism it is important to focus on the impact of terrorism on tourism as well as the interest of humans towards peace through the tourism approach. Hence from the above discussion, it can be stated that in the recent sustainable tourism aspect incorporation of studies and disciplines to promote peace through tourism has become one of the critical issues that need to be addressed with appropriate strategy (Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain 2021). Alongside this, it is to mention that peace through tourism discipline has potential benefits towards the enhancement in tourist engagement as this has committed to offering a better tourism experience to the community. This research has been performed by using secondary data analysis as this is highly dependent on historical data and qualitative data. Alongside this, it can be stated that the development of this article needed the collaboration between numerous tourism industries as well as the United Nations sustainable tourism industry to obtain quality data. According to the research, it is identified that this research mainly focuses on interpretivism philosophy as the researchers have mainly aimed to identify the hidden factors present behind the nominated topic in order to empower the tourism industries with strategic approaches to promote peace through tourism concept (Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain 2021). Alongside this in this article there is no such specification of research approach and research method is presented thus it has become difficult to perform a quality evaluation and comment on the research methodology. Considering the above identification, it can be stated that a reliable article must contain detailed discussion on data collection, research methodology, and research approach in order to offer transparent ideas relevant to the investigation connected to the nominated topic however due to lack of transparency in the research methodology the accuracy of this research cannot be judged appropriately (Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain 2021).
Followed by a detailed analysis of this paper it can be stated that in this research the goals presented by the United Nations sustainable development has been discussed and it has mainly aimed to address goal number 16 on fostering inclusive as well as peaceful societies with the aim to serve sustainable development in the tourism sector. Furthermore, it can be stated that throughout the research the importance of sustainable tourism and the need to pay attention to peace through tourism thinking has been presented that has helped to understand the emerging demand for peace through tourism concept that might hold a significant impact on the socio-economic pillar of tourism industries across the world. In addition to this, it can be stated that in this paper the peace through tourism proposition has been presented by stating its requirement in improving the quality of the community as well as the demand for data to enhance the global peace index (Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain 2021). Alongside these topics, this article also consists of detailed elaboration of peace and violence in tourism, peace as a process versus tourism as packaging, as well as presenting the importance of wider structural context in peace through tourism thinking. However, the researcher had presented several concepts and aspects associated with the nominated topic it is still not very convincing to believe in the findings of this paper as there are several limitations identified. It is mentioned in the above section that lack of clarity in research methodology may lead to significant research failure which is very prominent in this case. Alongside this, it can be stated that this research does not include a strategic approach to conduct the research as well as there is no mention of research sampling which is providing a vague infrastructure about the research process which can be considered as one of the weaknesses of this research. Based on these concepts it can be stated that the conclusion present in this research is not clear which is moderately answering the research questions (Higgins-Desbiolles, Blanchard and Urbain 2021). However, focusing on the adoption of better research methodology such as primary quantitative research methodology and analysis of data using thematic analysis method could have helped the researcher to focus on particular themes associated with peace through tourism concept to identify strategies to promote sustainable tourism alongside promoting the concept of peace through tourism.
According to Trogisch and Fletcher (2020) peace through tourism is one of the important aspects associated with the tourism industry that has a significant impact in promoting the revenue as well as to support the global GDP growth. As per the researcher this paper examines the importance of tourism in indorsing peace round transboundary protected areas (TBPA) in the conflict-affected regions over a case study of the Virunga TBPA spanning the Self-governing Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda. Followed by a detailed analysis of this article it is identified that before the corona pandemic traveling and tourism industry was one of the fastest-growing industries across the world that has introduced the peace tourism concept. The key strategy of this concept was relevant to the conflict-affected regions particularly focusing on charismatic wildlife as well as popular travel destinations that are associated with several controversies. According to Trogisch and Fletcher (2020), the United Nations world tourism organization supported the promotion of protected areas as a substantial potential for the low-income countries with the aim to achieve triple win including sustainable economic development, peacebuilding, and nature conservation. Furthermore, from the study of Trogisch and Fletcher (2020), it is identified that the establishment of peacebuilding strategy within the tourism infrastructure promote revenue as well as the number of visitors of that place as this strategy allows governments to finance as well as justify the militarization as required to protect their tourist while offering them experience to the controversial areas. From this aspect, it can be stated that this article has focused on recent trends as it has incorporated data from 2020 and 2021 which is one of the important years for the tourism industries to understand the demand as well as to serve their consumers in a massive pandemic situation. There are no other industries than the tourism industries that help us experience most of the negative consequences of coronavirus pandemic however from the pre-coronavirus situation be peace tourism has been one of the trending aspects that could have done better if there was no pandemic. After analysing this article, it can be stated that this is one of the recent research projects performed in the nominated topic which has helped to understand a recent understanding only topic that is peace through tourism. It has also helped to gain a better understanding of these strategies that need to be adopted with the aim to address the limitations identified in between the direction to implement the strategic peace through tourism concept.
Followed by a detailed analysis of the methodology adopted in this research it is identified that this research has been performed by using case study analysis method that has focused on the collection of 12 months of qualitative field research in specific communities. Alongside this, it is identified that there are three national parks that are included in the sample community which have been chosen to understand the nature of tourists as well as its associated stakeholders to obtain maximum benefits from the tourism interventions (Trogisch and Fletcher 2020). Furthermore, it is identified that due to volatile political situation conducting the methodology proposed initially was a challenge however interactive methods to collect primary data and a case study in analysis has helped the researcher to develop credible research findings which have a smaller number of limitations and the findings are helpful towards improving the tourism industries across the world (Trogisch and Fletcher 2020).
After completing the evaluation of this article, it is identified that this research has a huge contribution towards the ongoing debate associated with the role of peace tourism in the initiatives of politics and lived realities around transboundary protected areas in the conflict-affected setting through a case study of Virunga conservation area. Before discussing the findings of this paper this is to mention that COVID-19 significantly affected the role of peace tourism in the last two years however the proposed sustainable tourism concept has the potential to improve tourism capabilities to attract more visitors (Trogisch and Fletcher 2020). These findings present that in this recent tourism industry it is important to obtain nature as well as adventurous places to ensure that the visitors are gaining new along with safe experiences which could lead to enhancement in the revenue of the industry as well as improvement in global economic pillar.
Followed by a detailed analysis of this paper it can be stated that the findings presented in this paper are reliable due to its strategy to collect recent data and analyse them to obtain updated results. Alongside this, it can be also stated that this research had presented a transparent research methodology that consists of primary data collection as well as qualitative data analysis which is one of the best approaches is to collect and analyse data with the aim to obtain better research data (Trogisch and Fletcher 2020). Considering the fact that this research focuses on a wide research area collection of qualitative data is comparatively better than the collection of quantitative data as quantitative data limits the result in statistics however qualitative data offers the opportunity to collect open-ended answers from a large sample which has a great contribution towards making this research reliable and valid.
Hence from this, it can be stated that the adoption of appropriate methodology is one of the strengths of this paper however lack of time could be a weakness in this paper which can be eliminated by continuous research on the perspectives of visitors towards peace through tourism concept.
Conclusion:
After completion of the above discussion, it can be stated that in this paper critical evaluation of two research articles that present the most recent information and analysis of sustainable tourism towards providing peace have been performed. Both the articles present research on the peace through tourism concept. From these evaluations it is identified that Sustainability in tourism refers to the economic, environmental as well as socio-cultural aspects of tourism development that need to be established between the tourism infrastructure to guarantee its long-term sustainability. Peace through tourism is one of the innovative contexts that can be applied to emerging critical thinking on ecocide and decolonization to illuminate the requirement for a better engagement in multi-logical, critical thinking as well as multi-layered in the tourism studies. The tourism industry experienced a significant threat due to the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic however before the spread of the coronavirus tourism industry was one of the fastest-growing industries across the world that was also promoting peace tourism as the key strategy to eliminate conflict between regions. Tourism and the concept of peace it is important to employ peace study disciplines as these disciplines are capable of guiding tourism industries to distinguish between positive and negative peas to the mind and society considering the harmony, equality, and justice. Hence, it can be stated that this paper consists of a detailed discussion on a recent issue associated with sustainable tourism concept.
Reference:
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Blanchard, L.A. and Urbain, Y., 2021. Peace through tourism: Critical reflections on the intersections between peace, justice, sustainable development and tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, pp.1-17.
Streimikiene, D., Svagzdiene, B., Jasinskas, E. and Simanavicius, A., 2021. Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The systematic literature review. Sustainable development, 29(1), pp.259-271.
Trogisch, L. and Fletcher, R., 2020. Fortress tourism: exploring dynamics of tourism, security and peace around the Virunga transboundary conservation area. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, pp.1-21.
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