The significance of the heritage properties and the social groups is observed to increase in a notable manner in recent years. Majority of the national governments are seen to put strong emphasis on the efficient management and preservation of the heritage sites and the cultural groups. With a detailed focus on the importance of the heritage preservation in the context of the education, it is understandable that the national governments are keen to focus on the improvement of the knowledge of their student through providing them the chance to practically experience the same. DomíNguez et al. (2013) claimed that the improvement of the knowledge of the students regarding the history, culture, social values and belief is largely dependent on the scope that they will be able to achieve in practicing experiencing the same. Hassan, Puteh and Buhari (2015) also claimed that the hands on experiencing on any given field provides better knowledge than that of the traditional knowledge gathered through reading from the secondary literature or written information. Hence, it certainly becomes more interesting for the students and the necessity of preserving the history, culture and the heritage groups becomes significantly evident. Apart from this, the importance of preserving the heritage sites and the heritage groups is significantly evident with the increasing interest of the national governments regarding the tourism activities.
With a detailed focus on the evolution of the hospitality management, it is understandable that the national governments are putting strong emphasis on the development of the tourism destinations. The scope of earning larger amount of revenue is observed to be one of the key influential factor for the governments in focusing on the development of tourism destinations. Under such situation, majority of the national governments are observed to be significantly focused in preserving the cultural heritage, historical and inscribed places and the social groups which can be converted into well -developed tourism destinations. Having said that, the world heritage listing provides greater values to such destinations and the listing is also observed to influence the purchase intention of the tourists in a significant manner. The paper discusses regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the world heritage listing for the local communities and the individuals living near such historical places. In analysing the advantages and disadvantages, the paper also cover some important case scenarios which provides significant information regarding the topic.
Advantages:
The increasing consideration of the national and local governments towards the evolution of the tourism industry is observed to increase their urge in getting listed in the world heritage listing. As mentioned earlier, one of the major contribution of the world heritage listings is seen to be the improvement of the significance of that particular destination amongst the tourists. Hardiman and Burgin (2013) claimed that the world heritage listing provides a much required appealing factor to the destinations which plays a crucial role in attracting the customers as well. Hence the importance of the world heritage listing for the tourist destinations is seen to be notably high.
Form the above discussion, it is visible that one of the important advantages of the world heritage listing is the capability of it in increasing the significance of the tourism destinations. The listing influences the national and local governments in developing the places as well developed tourism destinations that have the capability to influence the purchase intention of the tourists. In addition to this, Tucker and Carnegie (2014) claimed that the world heritage listing of the places is substantially important in increasing the degree of the tourism activities in that particular place.
As it is evident that the world heritage listing of the places contribute to the development of the location as an efficient tourism destination, one of the important advantages of the concept will be economic development of the individuals residing nearby the e destinations. As mentioned earlier that the world heritage listing of the tourist locations increases the significance of a destination amongst the tourists and at the same time, it influences the tourists to conduct repetitive visit of the location. Caust and Vecco (2017) claimed that the world heritage listing is an important concept with the capability of increasing the curiosity of the tourists towards a particular destination. According to Hales et al. (2013), the heritage listing has the capability to improve the brand value of a particular destination amongst the tourists from the perspective of the tourism activities. As per the esteemed opinion of Laffan, Ramp and Roger (2013), the world heritage listing helps the tourism destinations or more specifically the managing authority of the tourism destinations in earning larger revenue from the tourism activities. As the world heritage listing influences the repetitive purchase intention of the tourists with the history, culture and social values associated with it, the tourist destination management authorities are able to attract larger number of customers. At the same time, the increasing purchase activities from the part of the customers are observed to be well achieved with the recognition of the world heritage listing. Hence, it is petty prominent that the world heritage listing is directly linked with the ability of the heritage destination management authorities in earning larger amount of profit. Holden (2016) claimed that the improvement of the capability of the tourism management authorities in earning larger amount of profit from the repetitive sales of their services, clearly signifies the scope of improving the economy of that particular region.
As per the comments of Murphy (2013), the enhancement of the economic condition of the tourist destinations is an important indicator of the socio cultural development of the particular region. Smith (2014) claimed that the improvement of the economic condition of a particular region is largely dependent on the improvement of the economic condition of the people of the region. Along with that, Mason (2015), claimed that the improvement of the economy of a particular region is effectively linked with the increment in the labour and employment in the region, improvement of the income level of the people of the region, the progress in the quality of the lifestyle of the people of that particular region along with the improvement in the GDP of the region. Hence, the discussion clearly proves the fact that the world heritage listing has the potential to initiate increased tourism activities and that effectively places the region in a position where it is expected to face an enhancement of the economic condition. In a nut shell, the world heritage listing is playing a significant role in improving the generation of the revenue of that particular region, the economic condition of the people residing in that region, the employment condition of the region along with the life style of the people of the region.
Considering the specific examples such as The Great Barrier Reef of Queensland, it is visible that the mentioned location has become a centre of attention for the tourists coming from different parts of the globe. The Great Barrier Reef of Queensland is seen to be one prime tourist destination for the nature lover tourists travelling to Australia (Centre 2019). The Queensland government is seen to put strong emphasis in decentralizing the responsibility of the managing The Great Barrier Reef of Queensland. Along with that, the urge of the government in developing the mentioned location as one of the prime tourist destination is visible with the development of The Great Barrier Reef Coast Marine Park (Centre 2019). The development of the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef Coast Marine Park is seen to be significant in providing the much required chance to the government of Queensland in earning larger amount of revenue (Centre 2019). Along with that, it also enabled the local residents to improve their economic condition through the conduct of the small and medium scale business surrounding the mentioned location, listed in the World heritage listing.
With a precise consideration towards the social development perspective, it is evident that the initiation of the increased tourism activities, as a result of the recognition achieved from the world heritage listing, is of great significance in improving the condition of the society. As the world heritage listing of a particular place introduces a massive wave of tourism activities, it has the potential to improve the quality of social life of the people residing near to the place. The improvement of the economic condition of the region through the enhanced occurrences of the tourism activities is significant for the success of the region in improving the infrastructure of the region. Gretzel et al. (2015) claimed that the achievement of larger amount of revenue from the tourism activities enable the government of the regions in improving the connectivity of the region with the other parts of the nation. Hence, it is evident that the world heritage listing of a particular region has the possibility of influencing the local and national government in improving the road transportation facilities of the region, air transportation facilities of the region, railway transportation facilities of the region along with the other transportation related infrastructure. Other than this, the improvement in the economic condition of the region helps the government in improving the infrastructure of education of the region. As per the esteemed opinion of Morrison (2013), the infrastructural development of the education system of the region which is listed in the world heritage list, has the capability to improve the literacy rates of the society. Considering the socio cultural development of a region, the improvement of the infrastructure associated with the education system of the region and the improvement of the literacy rates are significant advantages that can be achieved with the world heritage listing of the places.
As the world heritage listing of the places provide it the much required scope to be developed as an efficient tourism destination and increase the urge of the tourists in conducting tourism activities around them, it creates a massive scope for the individuals living nearby the place for developing their ability in understanding different culture and social values. Kim, Uysal and Sirgy (2013) claimed that the development of the tourism destinations and the increment of the tourism activities are substantial for providing the much required scope to the local citizens in dealing with the purchase preferences of the tourists belonging to different culture, social status, background, language, ethnicity and religious values. Under such situation, the local individuals have the scope of learning about the different culture, social status, background, language, ethnicity and religious values. Apart from this, it also provide the much required scope to the local individuals in showcasing their own culture, social values, history, social belief and the diverse attitude that develops from their origin. Hence, the impact of the world heritage listing in providing the scope to the local residents in understanding the different culture of the tourists and at the same time, showcasing their own culture, is seen to be substantial.
As the world heritage listing improves the brand value of the places along with its historical and cultural significance, it is evident that the mentioned activity is of great significance in increasing the educational value of the places. Mason (2015) stated that majority of the places that are listed in the world heritage listing are seen to be included in the course curriculum of science, history and geography subjects and that certainly portrays a great level of contribution of the world heritage listing.
As mentioned earlier, the world heritage listing provides the national and local governments the much required scope to develop the destinations as one of the important tourism destination, it generally affects the environmental balance that the particular location is having or the people residing near to the place, are experiencing. Hardiman and Burgin (2013) claimed that the world heritage listing of the places certainly improves the attractiveness of the places as a tourist destination and under such situation, it influences larger number of tourists to conduct the tourism activities in those places. With excessive demands and increased tourism activities, the threat of losing the normalcy in the environment becomes prominent. As the effective maintenance of the eco logical balance is one of the ultimate objective of the national and local governments operating across the global for managing the environmental sustainability, the world heritage listing and the increased tourism activities as a result of that, has the potential to increase the concern of the relevant authorities. With the detrimental impact of the increased tourism activities on the environmental balance of the region or the destination, it is understandable that the people residing nearby, will face the heat of the same.
Habibullah et al. (2013) claimed that, one of the main objective of the local and national governments with the environmental sustainability, is seen to be efficient management of the detrimental effects of the misbalanced environment and under such situation, the enhanced tourism activities as a result of the world heritage listing, certainly provides considerable amount of negative impact. The Sydney Opera House is one of the prime example that can be cited to portray the concern over the misbalanced environment as a result of the increased tourism activities. It is recognized as one of the masterpiece of the 20th century architecture (Centre 2019). Though the present mechanism employed for the preservation of the mentioned heritage location and for the maintenance of the biodiversity, is substantial. However, the concern of the national government is pretty evident with the strict implementation environmental legislations and policies for providing optimum quality of environmental management (Centre 2019).
Apart from this, the increased tourism activities as a result of the world heritage listing, is seen to add certain level of impurity in cultural and social groups. Considering the general activities of the tribal groups, it is visible that the increased exposure will certainly affect the appropriate rhythm of the mentioned groups and with the reduced normalcy in their general activities, the groups have the possibility of facing the threat of abolition which is expected to be a major point of concern for the local and national governments.
Conclusion:
On an ending note, it is evident that the world heritage listing of the places has significant contribution towards the development of a region as a sustainable tourist destination. As a result of it, the increased tourism activities will certainly improve the economic condition of the region along with enhancing the socio cultural balance of the communities and the people residing near to the place. In addition to this, it is visible that the occurrences of the increased tourism activities has the capability to improve the infrastructure of the region. Having said that, the contribution of the world heritage listing in initiating increased tourism activities is seen to be associated with certain disadvantages such as the environmental degradation and a possible collapse in the normalcy of the heritage activities.
References:
Caust, J. and Vecco, M., 2017. Is UNESCO World Heritage recognition a blessing or burden? Evidence from developing Asian countries. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 27, pp.1-9.
Centre, U. (2019). Great Barrier Reef. [online] Whc.unesco.org. Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/154
Centre, U. (2019). Sydney Opera House. [online] Whc.unesco.org. Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/166
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Hardiman, N. and Burgin, S., 2013. World Heritage Area listing of the Greater Blue Mountains—Did it make a difference to visitation?. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6, pp.63-64.
Hassan, N.F., Puteh, S. and Buhari, R., 2015. Student understanding through the application of technology enabled Active Learning in practical training. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 204, pp.318-325.
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