Theories play a very vital role in managing the research and delivering appropriate information in a research report. Applying appropriate theories to the research reports helps in providing a better direction to the researcher with the effect of which he can provide a better set of information to the target population. Applying an appropriate set of theories helps in ensuring that the project could get managed in the way planned by the project manager. Such type of activity helps in ensuring that reliable content could be developed and people available could get proper support to progress and sustain in the market. A researcher should have the quality to choose the most appropriate set theory and should have the knowledge of how to apply the same at the workplace. Ensuring that all the theories should get selected in appropriate way decisions should be made for the further processes. It is required that the prime focus of the researcher should remain with delivering quality as well as reliable data to the target population. Doing so will help in enhancing the authenticity of the organisation. It will also provide a better support to the future research and will help in making an appropriate set of decisions regarding the research report and the theory which is required to be selected so as to develop the content. The researcher must have the knowledge of various theories which could be applied to the research report and should have the idea of applying them to the research report.
This section is developed so as to answer the question what constitutes a theory, the question is really effective as one should always know that on the aspect on which he is researching what it it’s made up of (Bell, 2013)? What are the things which come up together to develop that particular aspect and how it is different from others? Hence, in this section answer for such type of questions will be provided which will help in developing more in depth information related to theory (Williamson, 2015). To gather the information related to theory there are various articles which were reviewed by the researcher so as to gather the information. According to Geslo (2006) there are different opinions about what theory is, in short an author want to say that different people available provide different set of opinions about the theory. People prefer to deliver the information what they want and make the perceptions on the basis of the relationships between the variables (Gelso, 2006).
According to Schutt, the theory is a logically interrelated set of the proposition which is the empirical reality. These empirical realities help in developing the understanding the actual aspects related with the things. It helps in determining the reality of the things and helps in managing the things in a more proper as well as appropriate way (Preser, 2014).
In the lexicon of contemporary psychology, the theory is one of the most important words as it helps in developing an understanding of the psychology of the people. Theory helps the researcher in understanding that in which direction he should move and in which direction his work should be performed so that the objectives of the research could get resolved (Hammersley, 2015).
It is being stated by Walker (1999) that trail and errors helps in finding the theory and it cannot be found by systematic investigation. According to the author theory is developed by indulging in some or the other activities, when an individual try to do something new and sometimes fails in the same a theory is being created by him and further information is being delivered (Wacker, 1999).
In the same manner a statement was passed by Harlow (2009) who stated that a theory does not remains fixed, but it evokes a set of constructs or is being determined by the law (Harlow, 2009). Harlow (2009) has elaborated the statement of Walker (1999) by saying that the theory does not remain fixed as they are created by the situation that occurs at that particular time. With such type of aspects only a theory is being created as people understand the situation and according to those particular situations only a theory is being created (Wacker, 1999).
On the other hand Stam (2007) stated that there are various modern psychology features available in which wide range of theories are being used. These theories are used according to the scientific requirement and psychology of an individual working (Stam, 2010). According to Stam theory is developed on the basis of the methods that have been formulated and is being dispersed within the discipline.
These are the viewpoints of different authors on the basis of which assumptions will be made in the report which will help in developing better set of understanding with theory. Further discussion related with the theories will help in delivering more clear and effective understanding with theories used in the research and will help in developing a better set of understanding with how it helps in managing a research (Pezzini, 2013).
Solving purpose of the research is one of the most important aspects attached with the researcher which helps him in fulfilling the demands of the market. One of the most important aspects attached with the researcher is applying the right set of theory at the right place and providing a better understanding of what he is trying to explain (Fletcher, 2016).
There are various types of theories available which are required to be taken into consideration these types are activity theory, actor network theory, Bloom’s taxonomy, distributed cognition, social network analysis. These are some of the theories which are required to be focused upon by the researcher while developing a research strategy and performing the same (Ertan, 2013).
Elaboration of the selected theories will help in providing better understanding and will help in differentiating the theories from the hypothesis, paradigm model, and concept.
Activity theory is the theory which is also known as the implicit theory of aging which is further bifurcated into the normal theory of aging and lay theory of aging (Di Blas, 2015). This theory helps in determining the factors due to which aging occurs in the adults. Although the theory does not have any relation with the research it helps in providing a scope of the research (De Langhe & Schliesser, 2017). The scope is developed for why aging occurs in the people and by evaluating all the factors a better and effective set of understanding could be developed with the matter of why aging occurs in the adults.
Social theory is the theory which helps in evaluating the importance of social aspects in a research report (CUMMINS, 2016). This theory helps in determining the use of social phenomena in the research report. Determining such type of aspects helps in managing the work and helps in providing a better solution for the growth aspects. Social theory helps in determining a set direction to the researcher with the effect of which he makes a decision on various things and makes the difference between what is wrong and what is right (Checchinato & Collesei, 2014).
Theories are different from the hypothesis, paradigm, model, and concept. Elaborating the statement will provide a better understanding and will help in delivering a better information related with theory. The reason for this difference is that theory is based on various aspects which help in managing the research (Carlson & von Davier, 2013). Theories help in providing the direction on the other hand hypothesis provides the assumptions. Hypotheses are the assumptions which are made by the researcher so as to provide the direction to the research. On the other hand models and concepts are based on various studies (Bosch, Nguyen, Maeno & Yasui, 2013). Models help in determining the key aspects related to a single part of the research. It does not provide clear information related to a whole research and does not contain bulk information. Concepts are made by the researchers so as to provide information related to certain aspects only. It does not guarantee the success of the statement means that the information provided in the concept does not guarantee success (Babbie, 2016).
On the other hand taking theory into consideration, it could be evaluated that it is one of the most important aspects which avails an in depth information related to various aspects also it helps in completing the research report as it involves all the required information related to the research topic (Matthews, 2017). It includes a proper description of the research topic and is based on the aspects which help the researcher in fulfilling the set objectives and requirements of the research report.
Hence, with the help of the discussion, it could be evaluated that theories play a very vital role in fulfilling the requirements of the research also it differs from various other aspects of hypothesis, concepts, and models (Letichevsky, 2014).
The section developed by the researcher will include the discussion related with how research can contribute to theory. Review of the past research and information related to theory will be collected. Although there are many of the aspects which were shared in part 1 related with the theory and its relation to research but in this section information related with how research contributes to the theory will be provided (Ayres & Paas, 2012). According to research “Theory Building and Paradigm: A Primer on the Nuances of Theory Construction”, there are certain key words which were focused upon by the researchers (Ali & Richardson, 2016). These key words which are focused upon are Theory Presuppositions, Theory Definition, Theory Typologies, Theory Distinctions and Theory Traditions. These are certain keywords which were taken into consideration by the researcher so as to develop better set of understanding with theory (De Langhe & Schliesser, 2017). According to the researcher goal of a research and the researcher is to find the truth or the laws which are generalizable across the target population. Also, the hypotheses testing perspectives are being used so as to gather an appropriate set of information and providing a direction to the research reports. The goal of the research is to determine the specific setting in accordance with analysing all the stakeholders attached with it (Howie & Bagnall, 2016). Ellis & Levy (2008), states that researches are build on past theories and what is the importance it shows. According to the authors it is necessary that knowledge of prior knowledge should be there and problems and propositions should be evaluated. According to them one of the most important aspects is managing a theory so as to develop a research in a proper as well as in the way which could help in gathering proper set of support so as to formulate the content for a research report (Ellis & Levy, 2008).
On the other hand Harlow (2008) states that case studies make the contribution in constructing the theories. According to him there are certain unexplored areas in which contribution from the case studies offers the new data. He states that case studies contributes in the incremental development of the theories and helps in managing the theory in better way.
On the other hand, deductive research has a more narrow nature which is concerned with the testing of confirmation with the hypotheses (Bosch, Nguyen, Maeno & Yasui, 2013). This type of research remains nomothetic in nature in which the broad class situations are focused more. These types of research remain more explanatory in nature.
Talking about the research, there are certain types of aspects which are required to be focused upon like focusing upon mixed method will help in developing a better understanding of how research makes a contribution to different theories (Matthews, 2017). Mixed method comprises of both qualitative and quantitative method of research. The qualitative method focuses more on delivering the theoretical information to the target population on the other hand quantitative method of data collection focuses more on the facts and figures and avails the same to the target population (Letichevsky, 2014). A researcher cannot process the researcher without applying the methods to the research because without applying the method to the research he will fail in fulfilling the objectives which will affect the authenticity of the research (Ayres & Paas, 2012). Applying the mixed method which comprises of both quantitative (nomothetic inquiry) and qualitative (ideography inquiry) epistemologies helps in synthesizing the data to provide an effective finding and helps in making a research report more valid and reliable.
On the other hand, Uzuegbu & Nnadozie (2015) explains the accounting theory in which it is being said that accounting theory helps in delivering more refined accounting practices. The researcher has focused more upon normative accounting framework to explain the importance of theory in the research report. An argument was presented by Miller and Bahnson that the accounting and reporting should be prospective in nature. The reason behind it is that the pragmatic considerations contaminate them rather than making the improvements.
Saleh & Khine (2012) have defined the theory as the statement of concepts which is showing the interrelation between the concepts which helps in providing the explanation about the reasons behind how and why such type of relationships exists (Preser, 2014). Hence, by understanding all the aspects indulged in the discussion it could be evaluated that research makes an effective set of contributions in the theories and helps in providing a better set of information in a research report. It could be evaluated that research helps in determining whether a researcher should provide qualitative information or quantitative information in his research or he should choose the mixed method to avail proper and relevant set of information (Mangiameli, 2015). Another contribution made by the research is it helps in developing all the assumptions and evaluates the facts and figures with the effect of which theory is being created. In short, it could be evaluated that with the help of the research a new theory could be developed by the researcher so as to avail proper and relevant set of information related to the same. The last but not the least contribution which was evaluated was providing accountability (Mackey & Gass, 2016). Research helps in delivering accountability to the theory also it helps in making the theory more reliable and authenticated. A better understanding is developed by the people on the theory of all set of aspects are presented in the research report. It could be understood that the research report helps in determining the concept of the theory and give rise to the same as more and more people get relevant set of information related to the theory of the research presented by the researchers are formulated in an appropriate as well as effective way (Kothari & Garg, 2016).
This section will include the discussion related to the theory and its type. The section will be developed on the basis of part 1 which will help in developing a better set of understanding with the concept of theory in the research (Babbie, 2016). The discussion will include the research presented by the researcher in relation to providing a better set of information related to theory and its role in developing an effective set of the research report.
1.
In part 1 it was evaluated that Theory plays a very vital role in developing content for the research because there are a various set of aspects which are taken into consideration so as to develop the content for the research (Bosch, Nguyen, Maeno & Yasui, 2013). It is being evaluated that there are various types of theories available which help in developing the content for the research report and provides a direction to the researcher so as to formulate the content which is useful for the targeted users. Part1 of the research report includes a proper description of the types of theories which could be used by the researcher (De Langhe & Schliesser, 2017). Social theory, accounting theory, micro level theory, meso level theory and macro level theories are certain levels and types of the theories which help in managing the research report. These types determine that how the theory could be managed in a proper way and helps in managing the research content in an effective way. The focus of the researcher should be developed towards to type of theories and it is important that he should have a proper set of information related to the types which could be used by him (CUMMINS, 2016).
Gathering an appropriate set of information related to the types of theories and making the evaluations of this will help in managing the research report and will help in fulfilling the requirements of the same in a proper as well as an effective way (Checchinato & Collesei, 2014).
It is necessary that the right choice should be made by the researcher because such type of aspects provides a better solution and helps in making the right decisions for the development of the content (Priede, 2014).
2.
A controversy is being taken into consideration that how theories help in maintaining the accountability of a research report. It is becoming hard to solve the query and becoming hard to understand how it is helping in managing the research in an appropriate way. Hence, to gather appropriate set of answer there are many of the researches which are being taken into consideration so that appropriate set of information could be gathered by the researcher.
Maintaining accountability of the research report is one of the aspects which should be kept on the priority (Pezzini, 2013). Setting priorities are one of the important things which are attached to the research and the researcher. It is important that right choices should be made by the researcher so as to process the research content and to ensure that the right as well as appropriate set of information could be delivered by the researcher to the target population available (Pandita, 2014).
There are various set approaches which are attached to the theories like the behavioural approach, the social model, linguistic universals, the cognitive approach and the humanistic approach. These are the theories which are required to be focused upon by the researcher so as to ensure that proper, as well as relevant research content could be developed by him (Padmavathi & Krishnamurthy, 2014).
Below is a model of theory which is showing how it helps in managing a research and developing its content in an effective manner:
(Lee, 2014)
With the help of the above image it a better understanding could be developed with the fact that theory helps in providing a better support in developing a research report. It is necessary that appropriate theories should be taken into consideration by the researcher before indulging in the research. Theory of the research helps in determining the method which is required to be adopted so as to formulate the content for the research (Ellis & Levy, 2008). Selecting an appropriate theory for the research helps in resolving all set of problems and issues attached with the research report and helps in ensuring that the authenticity, as well as reliability of the research report, could be enhanced (Ellis & Levy, 2008).
Conclusion
Therefore, evaluating all the aspects related to the theories and research it could be evaluated that theories help in providing an effective set of direction to the researcher (Gay & Weaver, 2012). It helps in making the predictions related to the content of the research and helps in determining the right path so as to develop the content for the research. It is necessary that proper evaluation of all the theories should be done to gather appropriate set of information related with the research topic. This will help the researcher in explaining each and every aspect of the research topic and to elaborate the things in the way which are required.
This Section of the dissertation will include information related to the practical implications of the aspects discussed (Saini, & Shlonsky, 2012). In this section information related with theory will be availed and all the practical implications will be taken into consideration. All the practical benefits or the applications will be taken into consideration in this section of the report (Uzuegbu & Nnadozie, 2015). Hence, determining all set of practical implications will provide a better opportunity and will help in managing all set of aspects in a more better and effective way.
Hence, a report is developed which will help in delivering appropriate set of information related to the type of theories which could be applied to the research report and the way in which they are required to be applied.
The Relationship between Theory and Practice
According to St. Pierre & Jackson (2014) a theory is defined as a methodical classification of the knowledge function so as to solve the problems. On the other hand according to Talley (2017) theory is considered as a detail about a specific theme and a tool which is used to define, predict and understand a topic selected by the researcher (Spillman, 2014). In short, it could be understood that a theory is defined as a detail description of any aspects which helps in gaining an appropriate set of knowledge regarding the things also which helps in managing all the aspects in a proper as well as in an effective way.
(Padmavathi & Krishnamurthy, 2014)
It is being said that the relationship between theory and practice is reciprocal (Snelson, 2016). It is not possible to provide a position to the practice without giving any theoretical questions which could guide the research. The reason behind it is that without theory a data can be collected but for that collected data any assurance could not be given which can explain the different phenomena (Rucks-Ahidiana & Bierbaum, 2015). It is also being said that the relationship between theory and practices is symbiotic in nature as in case any changes are made in one then automatically modifications are required in the other one. It could be said that any advancement, in theory, will lead to the advancement of the practices (Rodrigues de Mello, 2014).
How Theory Informs/Guides Practice
Understanding the relationship between theory and practice will now help in providing the guidance related with how can a theory guide or inform practice? (Rieh, 2014) It is necessary that the information related to this aspect should be gathered as it will help in availing more in depth information related to practice and theory and how practice is guided by practice. The recommendation and requirement of the specific expected outcome help in determining the how theory informs practices (Priede, 2014). This is the way with the help of which theory functions to predict the outcomes. The practice of science is guided by the larger theories which include queuing the theory, mining of the data theory, maintaining the information security, privacy theory, information storage and retrieval of the theory among the others (Pezzini, 2013). On the other hand in the smaller theories provides a specific setting which helps in interpreting behavior or the set of behaviours. In short, it could be interpreted that smaller theories help in guiding the practices to interpret the behaviour of the people with the effect of which analysis for the research report is being developed by the researcher on the topic selected (Pandita, 2014).
Issues Involved in Translating Theory into Practice
The theory is used to provide an explanation to the collection, analysis, classification, storage, recovery, and dissemination of the information at the time of availing a set framework for the analysis. The learning information discipline is interrelated with various other disciplines, which shows the dynamics of the human behaviour and the human exhibits which are intentional and hence leads to change the outcomes of the practice of the theories (Padmavathi & Krishnamurthy, 2014). It is being evaluated that since the human beings are the ones who remain indulged in the practices of operating the tools which are used to collect the data, analyse that data, classifying the same, storing, recovering and dissemination of the information so there are certain bias decisions which are taken by them in relation to the same. Furthermore, there are a certain set of human errors which also occurs while analysing and interpreting the data collected for the research report (Lee, 2014). These types of aspects and human errors lead to affect the practice theory due to which authenticity of the research also get affected.
Another issue which could be taken into consideration is that theories only explain a part of any aspects it does not explain the things as a whole (Ellis & Levy, 2008). In this case, there are many of the aspects which are left behind and clear explanation is not being provided. This again affects the authenticity of the research report and affects its validity.
It is necessary that these issues should be worked upon properly and a trail should be made to remove all such issues and it is required that a proper and authenticated research should be presented to the target population (Ellis & Levy, 2008).
This section will help in determining the current interests in the theory with the effect of which a direction will be made to evaluate the present aspects related to the theory (Gay & Weaver, 2012). Time is changing and so that things are also changing also the changing time is affecting the way of understanding things. Current interest will help in determining the need of the time and the requirements which a researcher as in the present scenario. It is necessary that an understanding should be developed with a various set of aspects which are required in the present time (Dankasa, 2015). Understanding these aspects will help the researcher in providing the direction in which he should do the research. These aspects will also help in providing a better set of solution to the queries with the effect of which authenticity and reliability of the research report could be enhanced. Hence, the discussion will be held in relation to the theory of current states (Carrera-Fernández, Guàrdia-Olmos & Peró-Cebollero, 2012).
Theory of Current Interest
One of the most important sources for learning of the information is scientific literature (Bell, 2013). The theory of exploratory theory helps in the interpretation of the evaluation and emergence of the learning of the information and it has been evaluated that various changes are being introduced in the science of the philosophy. Theory of current interest explains that there is various type of theories available such as generative, descriptive, predictive and explanatory (Ali & Richardson, 2016).
In this explanatory theory is the theory which deals with the current interest in the learning of information disciplines. In this, a proper set of explanation is being provided of all the aspects presented in the research report. In this explanation has been linked with the causations which help an individual to provide an explanation of a various set of aspects and helps in creating a certain set of events and helps in understanding that there is a cause for everything and they are required to be determined in an appropriate way (Wylie, 2017). In this, the nature of the cause is a permanent problem of the philosophy. The prediction is made in the explanatory theory which helps in making the predictions with the precision relationships between various features of an occurrence of the existing differences between the groups (Williamson, 2015).
Hempel’s theory is another theory which deals with the explanation with the anti-logical form which does not mention the connection between the event being explained and the facts alleged so as to explain the event (Smith, 2015). Such type of theories helps in producing unobservable results which are radical in nature.
Salmon theory is another current theory which is focused upon by the researchers in present time (Saleh & Khine, 2012). This is a theory which gives a realistic account in which emphasis is made on the causative relation in between the processes which are real and the exact as well as an accurate explanation of the questions in which reasons are being asked means the questions which start with ‘why’ (Harlow, 2009). Hence, to ensure that the things could be gelled up a researcher will have to come up with various ways of interpreting the theories in an appropriate way and availing a proper and effective set of information related to such type of.
Discussing all the aspects it could be determined that there are many of the things which got changed due to the change in the aspects. It is being analyzed that many of the things are getting changed and so the ways of doing the research are also changing. Now the things are being analyzed and it is being evaluated that there is a difference in the interpretation of the current research (Morrison, 2014). These researches are not being formulated on the previous aspects rather they are being formulated by using the exploring the things and evaluating more in depth information related to a various set of aspects. It is required that the research should be formulated in a proper way and applying the most appropriate theories so as to avail more explored information helps the researcher in availing the research report which is authenticated and reliable (Mangiameli, 2015).
It has become important for the researchers to remain attached to the trends and the current situations because such type of aspects will only help him in managing the things in a better way. Focusing on such type of aspects will provide a clear direction with the effect of which exploratory research will be formulated by the researcher and data related to the topic selected will be collected and presented to the target population (Mackey & Gass, 2016). Hence, it could be evaluated that the researcher should focus more upon the exploratory research and manage to avail the information which could help the target population in developing better set of understanding with the research report and could avail a direction on the basis of which accurate as well as appropriate set of information could be developed which could avail scope for the future researches in the same field (Kothari & Garg, 2016).
The section is developed which will provide a proper set of information related to the appropriateness of the theory applied to the problem (Howie & Bagnall, 2016). The section will involve information related to various applications and the problems attached with the application of such type of aspects. It is necessary that such types of aspects should be taken into consideration by an individual because these aspects provide a better and effective set of understanding with various aspects (Hammersley, 2015). Further discussion will help in delivering more in depth information related to the application of the theory and problems attached with the application of same in the research report.
The Appropriateness of Theory Application to a Problem
Appropriateness of the theory helps the researcher in dealing with the prejudice, stereotypes, and assumptions which lead to the discrimination (Fletcher, 2016). Appropriateness of the theory helps in developing the basis for the approaches which could be developed by the researcher which helps in the developmental aspects and helps in characterizing the continuous and professional aspects with the effect of which personal development of an individual could be done (Ertan, 2013). It also helps in evaluating that an individual working on the project should have an appropriate set of information related to the research and should have the information related with how the research report should be formulated in an effective as well as appropriate way (Di Blas, 2015).
(Saleh & Khine, 2012)
It is suggested that the researcher working on the research should have a high sense of the commitment, should have the skills to deal with the challenges which could occur in near future in the formulation of the research (De Langhe & Schliesser, 2017). It is necessary to ensure that the researcher should remain fully equipped with the work which is being allotted to him so that he could gather an appropriate and effective set of information related to the research report. He could also develop the content which could help in managing the things in a more appropriate as well as in an effective way (CUMMINS, 2016). It is also necessary to ensure that a researcher should have a proper set of skills so as to manage all the issues and have the skills to deal all set of issues which could occur in near future. This will help in managing the things in a more subtle and effective way with the effect of which work will be managed in a smooth and subtle way and his research will be processed in a more qualitative form (Checchinato & Collesei, 2014).
It is important that scope of the theory and the reasoning behind the same should be taken into consideration so as to ensure that the work could be managed in a more appropriate way and assurance could be made that the research report developed by the researcher will help the target population and will help them in making decisions in an effective way (Carlson & von Davier, 2013).
Critique of Existing Research Design
Qualitative research is formulated by the researcher in relation to providing an appropriate set of information related to the topic selected by him (Bosch, Nguyen, Maeno & Yasui, 2013). It is necessary that the focus of the researcher should be developed towards to indulge in the qualitative information. Evaluation of such type of information helps in developing an appropriate theoretical information with the effect of which researcher succeeds in availing the in depth information related to the research topic selected by him (Babbie, 2016).
It is necessary that a researcher should indulge in the qualitative research because it helps him in enhancing the authenticity as well as the reliability of the research on which he is working. Qualitative research helps in making the research content simple and helps the target users in developing a better set of understanding with the same (Matthews, 2017).
Coming on the quantitative research, it is the research which helps in availing the research report which includes various facts and figures. Qualitative research is based on the facts and figures which help in making the research report more precise and comprehensive (Letichevsky, 2014). This type of research helps in reducing the confusion and availing to the point information related to the research content. It is necessary that appropriate set of decisions should be made by the researcher while making the selection in choosing the method for the research. It depends upon the researcher that whether he wants to choose the qualitative method, quantitative method or mixed method (Ayres & Paas, 2012).
Conclusion
Research is termed as the most crucial task as it is necessary that a researcher should have appropriate knowledge of what are the factors he wants to take into consideration while developing research content. It depends upon the researcher to make appropriate decisions in choosing an appropriate theory for the research content. The theory is one of the most important aspects attached with any research. It is important that a proper focus should be developed by the researcher so as to apply the most relevant theory to the research report in which he is working. It is necessary that a researcher should have the knowledge that both research and theory plays a very vital role for each other. Hence, it becomes necessary that researcher should make the most appropriate decision regarding the type of research he is performing and the theory he is choosing for the progress of the research. Such type of aspects will help the researcher in formulating the research report which is effective and is reliable to be used by the population. Considering all the aspects indulged in the dissertation will help the researcher in availing proper direction with the effect of which he will be able to avail sustainable and appropriate research content for the target users.
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