The industry of tourism contributes majorly to the global development of the economies of the world. Two major factors, the climate and the weather are important in case of the decision making among the tourists (Jaiswal and Dhar 2015). Climate is defined as the conditions and the situations that are prevailing that are observed as a long term average in some situations. The tourist and the business of the tourism are affected by the conditions of the weather that deviate the substantial average conditions (Bujosa, Riera and Torres 2015). It furthermore influences the success execution of the business of tourism. Along with the current trends, the public and the political interest in the field of climate change has increased by considerable rate in the current years. The assignment focuses and reviews the international literature on the interaction among the weather and the tourism in the current era. The tourism industry is closely and clearly dependent on the climatic conditions of the region and can be illustrated as a two way relationship. Various activities of the tourists are dependent on the condition of the weather and the natural resources (Hall et al. 2015). The report assignment focuses on the analysis on how tourism and the economic activity are connected and affect the green house gas emissions with the use of the fossil fuels. Indirect impact with the use of the products and the electricity in the production chain is furthermore stated in the assignment. The study furthermore analyses the changed climatic policies such as the Australian emissions trading schemes and the impacts on the sector of tourism. The relevant complexity of the understanding of the perception of the tourism and the reactions towards the effect of the climate change for the anticipation and the alteration in the market of tourism are highlighted in the report assignment.
Climate change is one of the most negative factors for the tourism industry. This is because the attractions that the tourists generally come to visit are getting destroyed with the relevant loss in the experience quality of the international tourist, thus affecting the overall tourism industry of the region (León and Araña 2016). Some of the natural attractions like the Great Barrier Reef tops the tendency of being mostly affected by the climate disasters. Beach resorts, some of the major costal icons like the opera house of Sydney have the highest tendency of getting affected (León and Araña 2016). The impact of the changes in the climate on the tourism industry is mostly negative in the country of Australia. Some of the benefits and the costs that are potentially associated with the changes in the climate that is actually harming and affecting the tourism industry are the following.
The loss of the attraction – Some of the spot of interest or attraction tends to cease functioning for the tourists. Furthermore, the tourist who initiated the visit to the coastal reef in the nearby town may get disappointed with the view of the unattractive reef that got rendered by the changes in the climate. Some of the ski fields may also be forced to close (Petitpierre et al. 2016). Furthermore, the relevant cost for the loss of the required benefits to the tourist in the domestic market and a related negative economic impact to the region are some of the resultants of the effects. Besides these issues, the international tourist may also stop visiting the places (Bujosa, Riera and Torres 2015). This low visit of the international tourist will definitely hamper the profit margin and the expansion of the tourism industry. The whole economy and the loss in the expenditure of the tourism with the related economic cost is a factor of major downturn for the tourism industry.
The loss of the quality attraction – Though many of the attractions and the spot of interest may survive but the quality of the experience of the visitors both national and the international will definitely decline. The rate of the tourist attraction in the domestic market will tend to lose together with the loss of the visit form the international visitors due to the poor tourism experience and the damaged natural resources due to the climate disasters.
The costs of adaptation – For many of the attractions in the tourism spot, it will be more feasible towards the preservation of their appeal and the structures by successful adaptation (Mowforth and Munt 2015). The process of adaptation will be cost effective and the process is not always feasible since it gets too much costly some times.
Better and new attractions – The change in the environment and the climate does not always gets affected in the same direction and level (Goldberg et al. 2016). Some places get better off like the Victoria’s beaches in case of Australia, while some other natural resources and the tourist spot gets worse off and inaccessible to the tourists.
It is essential to understand the effects and the changes due to the climate change in the tourism industry. Due to the alteration and the consequences in the change in the climate, the natural capital of the industry will be devalued (Hall et al. 2015). The climate change directly impacts the industry of tourism and the profit it creates via the degradation and the loss of the attractions, the adaptation cost and the replacements of the infrastructure of the capitals. In case of nature-based tourism and eco-tourism like the country of Australia, the negative effects of the climate changes are likely to be a net loser from the altering business patterns in the international basis.
Another important effect to the tourism industry is the carbon footprints and the GGEs. The industry of tourism either towards or from the international platform includes economic activities. A visitor to a tourist place may create GGEs and also create emissions on other parts of the world. The global GGEs will increase as compared to the tourist place or the place of interest (Dillimono and Dickinson 2015). If the tourism industry imposes policies of GGE mitigation, then there lie high chances that the price for the products of the tourism will rise drastically which will result in the consequence that the international tourists may shift their preferences to visit other tourist locations at some other different countries.
To summarize all the relevant issues, the changes in the climate and the environment has been a long and a sustained issue and a major global problem. The effects of the changes in the climate are totally dependent on the global emissions also (Vitousek, Loope and Westbrooks 2017). In case of the Australian tourism, the impacts of the carbon footprints are an important concern since the industry of tourism in Australia has some of the specific GGE targets and the commitments in the international level.
The carbon footprint is not strictly related to the carbon. This is because the carbon dioxide is not only the greenhouse gas that causes harm. Apart from this, nitrogen oxide plays a very important role in the destruction of the global environment. For some parts of the tourism industry, these gasses are significant (Font and Hindley 2017). The issues of tourism related to the increasing concern of global warming is not only connected to the quantum of the green house gases but also affected by the damaging carbon emissions that causes damage in the tourism industry. Carbon footprint is thus one of the recent and dangerous measures of damage. These issues are connected to the lack of the preservation of the wild animal and the sea mammals who gets equally affected due to the climate change and the emission of the poisonous gases (Mowforth and Munt 2015). The tourism industry faces a major challenge in the preservation of the migratory animals and the birds and these are furthermore disrupting the nature and its living creatures. Apart from the tourism expenditure and the economic activities, the changes in the climate is disrupting the general equilibrium of the tourism industry as a whole.
It is important for the tourism industry to maintain the natural attractiveness. Thus, proper action plan for the enabling of a wide range of marketing strategies and promotions needs to be implemented and analyzed for the protection of the tourism industry from the climate disaster.
The prevention of the impacts of the climate can be successfully accomplished via the introduction and implementation of the mitigation and the adaptation procedure. These strategic measures are consistent with the process of risk management (Char-lee, Becken and Watt 2016). With the procedure of adaptation, the reduction in the rate of consequences that are linked with the climate change can be controlled and monitored (Higham et al. 2016). The process of mitigation helps in the reduction of the GHGs from the activities of the human thereby initiating decrease or reduction in the rate of the change in the climate towards which both the natural systems, the environment and the tourism industry together with the human beings are exposed (Rosselló-Nadal 2014). Apart from the possible adaptation and mitigation strategies, the engagement and the communication of the stakeholder constitute as one of the major factors of action towards the tourism industry for addressing the issues of sustained changes in the climate and the natural disasters.
In context of the recommended strategical measures, effective engagement and a wide consultation is currently requited or needed across all the levels of the government and also with the stakeholders of the industry that includes participants from the finance, common wealth, transport, agencies of the local government, organizations of the regional tourism and the members belonging to the general community (Becken, Zammit and Hendrikx 2015).
It is thus recommended for the tourism industry to develop and form a communication strategy for the promotion of the awareness and the engagement across the industry of tourism. The key group of the stakeholders needs to be recognized. It is furthermore recommended that the key organizations play an essential role for taking forward the measures of adaptation and include the local government and the tourism industry associations.
The tourism sustainability report needs to be developed for the provision of all the information and the tools of support that concerns the climate change across the countries (Bradley, van Putten and Sheaves 2015). With significant investment and involvement by the government and its support, a platform is thus needed to be formed and developed for the presentation and the maintenance of the industry of tourism.
Packages of targeted information and the tool kits are thus needed to be prepared for the assistance of the industry and the resource managers for the effective execution of adaptation and the mitigation actions (Hall et al. 2016). Furthermore, development of sustainability workshops and the training programs with the support of the common wealth government needs to be done.
Adaptation climate change and the mitigation initiatives – The adaptation strategies are essential in complementing the efforts of the mitigation of the tourism industry. The formation and the implementation of the strategies of adaptation will furthermore require active involvements of all the categories of stakeholders (Mason 2015). Detailed research towards the effect of the global warming is also required for the fruitful adaptation capacities. Most of the research studies claim the scenarios of the climate change highlighting the range of changes in the temperature or any of the natural disaster. The research studies furthermore illustrate the potential effects on the natural systems the health and the interest of the human, the infrastructure and the integrated analysis.
There lies several actual and proposed essential or mandatory needs that have their effects on the tourism industry. The objectives of the strategic measures related to the degradation of the climate and the environment is to reduce GGEs and recommendations to avoid furthermore damage to the industry of tourism which contributes a large share to the economy and the gross domestic product and development of the economies in the world.
Factors such as the need for the minimum use of the renewable resources for the supply of the electricity, the sale of the incandescent globes of the light, the reduction in the emission of the standards for the vehicles, the green fleet requirements and the limits on the air travelling tends to affect the tourism industry directly (Barnett et al. 2015). The impact and the size of these essential requirements on the tourism industry is comparatively huge for the sectors that affects the industry on a direct basis.
A multiple number of national policy initiatives are required for the establishment of the tourism industry before the industry can move forward with the strategies and the tools of development and the response of the policies to the change in the climate at the sector level. The national policy initiatives include agreement by the stakeholders like the government for the preferred strategies for the proper address of the national obligations that concerns the change in the climate and will initiate reduction in the emissions of the green house gases. Furthermore, the initiatives include desired decision on the sectoral measures and the wide economy mix for the voluntary and the regulatory measures. Introduction and the implementation of the national modelling framework is required for the identification and mapping of the carbon footprint and the placement of the issues in the international context. These are furthermore followed by development of the emission reduction goals for the proper assessment of the impact of the costs towards the competitiveness of the tourism industry. Finally, the development of the individual management planning for the proper address of the adaptation and the mitigation goals.
Some of the national actions by the government and the stakeholders in the context of the regulatory and the legislative measures are the following.
The development of the national climate change steering organization – The establishment can furthermore advance the action plan by conducting meetings of the tourism and environmental departments of the government. These include representatives from the green house office, the CSIRO, and other governmental agencies.
Development of national climate changes research platform with the use of STCRC and the CSIRO resources of research – This is an essential measure for the address of range of the uncertainties revolving around the tourism and the issues of global warming and the impact of it.
The development of carbon footprint for the tourism industry – Development of a advisory group and mapping of the current carbon footprints of the tourism industry is necessary. It is furthermore needed for the establishment of the base for the further analysis and the monitoring of the industrial improvements over the time.
Introduction of the national carbon calculator – An agreed national calculator is essentially required for the sustainability portal of the tourism.
The economic modelling – Models for the maintenance of the general equilibrium and the incorporation of the green house gas emissions is required for the enabling of the external shocks and the changes of the assessed policies. Some of the recommended measures for economic modelling includes assessing of the CGE implications in the market of tourism that are either national or international.
The mapping of the climate – Great awareness and the taking up the adaptive strategies are required to analyze the potential impact of the climate changes on the tourism industry.
The maintenance and the watching of the brief alternatives of the scientific explanations of the factors and the drivers of the changes in the climate – The never settling climate and the nature challenges the tourism industry .It is thus necessary to develop some of the strategic measures and alternative hypothesis for the testing of the strategic responses for the successful adaptation of the changing knowledges.
Apart from the national legislator measures by the government some of the destination based actions and recommendations are needed for addressing the issues of climate change in the tourism industry. These includes proper risk management, dedicated management plans for the tourism destination, tackling and proper measurement of the industry performance analysis tool.
For balancing the effect of the changes in the climate to the development of the industry of tourism, it is thus important for the government and the policy makers to initiate potential changes in the climate together with the development of the climate and the plans of sustainable tourism. The climate change adaptation policy in the tourism sector is thus essential for building a new market of tourism.
The recommendations and the tourism model have multiple objectives that targets towards the fulfillment of the promotion of the awareness, enhancement of the process of the planning and the effective cultivation of the setoff the factors of investments. The proposed procedure for the implementation of the above stated recommendation for the addressing of the climate changes and the natural disasters on the tourism industry includes the following.
The setting up of the organization for the community-based tourism development, national sustainability committee, development of the technical group for consultation and training of the project , the initiate of climate changing finding and the project development are some of the process for the achievement of the goals. Some of the major policies that aim towards the reduction of the emissions incudes abatement program for the references of the reduction in the level of GHG emissions, the carbon tax for the use of the fossil fuels that targets to reduce the emission of the carbon dioxide, the introduction of a market based approach for the trading of the emission.
To summarize, the climate change has been one of the most long term issue in the case of tourism industry and proper implementation of the mitigation strategies and measures with the implementation of the policies and the regulatory measures must be ensured for the development and acceleration of the tourism industry business.
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