Types Of Projects And Project Management Processes

Civil Engineering, Construction, Petrochemical, Mining, and Quarrying

The three types in which project are being categorized are described as below:

Civil Engineering, Construction, Petrochemical, Mining, and Quarrying: This type of project mainly involve industrial projects. Special risks as well as problems may be incurred upon an organization due to these types of projects (Walker 2015). Some typical examples of these type of projects are Construction of a building, Opening a new commercial complex, Design and Development of a coal mine and etc.

Manufacturing Projects: In this type of project, the aim is to produce or develop an equipment, machinery, vehicle or even some other item. The developed product from these type of projects maybe intended for single customer or even funded within the company (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). The examples of these type of projects include Manufacturing of Aircraft, Manufacturing of earth moving vehicles or even manufacturing of a small pen.

Management Projects: These type of projects reflect that expertise of project management is essential for every company regardless of their size. The typical examples of these type of project include:

• Relocation of company headquarters
• Development and implementation of a new information system
• Launching a campaign for marketing
• Preparing feasibility report or other documentation
• Organizing a trade exhibition or stage show

The major concern of scope change control is to identify the factors that influence changes in project scope along with monitoring the impact on project due to such changes. It ensures that the changes that are being requested as well as the required corrective actions are carried out using the process of project Integrated Change Control. It can be integrated with other control processes for management of actual changes that may occur in a project.

The process of change can be managed by using control system that will be documented in the scope management plan. The management plan for scope changes will comprise definition of the procedures which can be followed to make changes in the project scope. The performance measurements can be used for assessing the variations due to changes in project scope.

The project will require 25 days to complete according to the duration provided for the required activities.

Gantt chart is defined as graphical representation of the timeframe required to execute and complete a project. The Gantt chart serves as an outline for the project plan that have to be followed for successful execution of the project. The major benefit of Gantt chart is that it provides scheduling to execute required activities that could be used for suitable time management.

The project closeout report is an essential element to ensure success of future project as it involves documentation of the lessons learnt, identifying the gaps and review of a particular project. The generation of closeout report is required for supporting project managers in future projects so that it can be completed successfully (Leach 2014). The closeout report also reflects on the acceptance of final product or deliverable by the client. In this report, the analysis is carried out on whether the objectives have been met according to specification by the client.

Manufacturing Projects

Risk management is defined as the process of identifying, analyzing and development of measures for mitigation of risks that may arise throughout the lifecycle of a project. The risk management ensures that the project remains on track and the objectives are being met according to requirements of the client (Nicholas and Steyn 2017).

Some of the major tools and techniques that might be included in the process of risk management are review of documentation, techniques for information gathering, brainstorming, root cause analysis, risk probability assessment matrix and etc.

The major reason behind quality audits on projects is assessment of the chosen methodology to ensure that it supports the project manager with required procedures as well as processes. This assessment is required for the project managers to ensure success of the project (Kerzner 2017). The quality audits on projects help to determine the major concerns of stakeholders, project sponsor along with the team members. The audits could also be used to illustrate in the recommendations that can be adapted for overcoming the issues and concerns so that the project remains on track.

Watson PLC, a British Leisure Company, which is specializes is in provisioning and operation of a private health and fitness club. However, due to certain operational and functional disability the company is willing to expand their business by opening a cinema hall with 100 seats. In addition to this the other components of this project include an extensive beauty spa with treatment facilities, hairdressing, massage and cosmetic treatment as well.

It is expected that the project will help the company to gain competitive advantages and measurable revenue as well. This project defines the aim and objectives project. In order to accomplish the project accurate roles and responsibilities are needed to be served by the project stakeholders. For reducing the work load from the project team members based on the skills and knowledge of the stakeholders the job roles are divided accordingly. In addition to this, project assumptions, project concerns and stages those are maintained by the project manager to complete the project are also elaborated in this report.

In the year of 1994, Watson PLC opened their first club and with the moving time span they have also opened 24 more clubs in United Kingdom. In order to gain more profit the company is willing to open a new club with new and advanced facilities. Additionally, Watson PLC is also willing to open a cinema hall and extensive beauty spa. The beauty spa will provide vast range of treatment and services to their consumers.   

Management Projects

The aim of the project is to expand the existing business activities of Watson PLC by opening a health studio including spa, steam room and sauna as well to gain competitive advantages and profit.

• To open a new club that would have new facilities and services throughout
• To construct an extensive beauty spa for the clients
• To incorporate vast range of treatment facilities including cosmetic treatment, hairdressing and massage for the consumers

The scope of Watson PLC project includes many advances facilities and advanced operational activities accordingly. Watson PLC is willing to open a new club to provide new and advanced facilities and services to their consumers. In addition to this, it also wants to extend the beauty spa that would facilitate new range of treatment and services as well for the consumers. It is expected that with the help of the advanced treatment facilities the company would be able to grab more consumers, revenue throughout United States.  

The project developed for Watson PLC should have the following concerns for successful development of the project ad are listed below:

Ensuring proper management of the activities – The project schedule should be monitored for the development of the project and the changes in the requirement of the project must be managed by the project manager (Turner 2016). A priority list must be created for management of the resources and a log should be used for recording the activity of the team members.

Defining the project metrics – Data should be collected and similar type of project should be analysed for creation of a benchmark. The project report should be reviewed and expected results should be analysed for evaluation of the rate of success of the project.

Ensuring effective communication between the team members – A communication plan should be used for communicating with the different stakeholders associated with the development of the project (Snyder 2014). Two way communication should be used for analysing the progress of the project and remove the constraints raised during the project development process.

Integration of the strategic management plan – It is used for the management of the changes in the business process of the organization and reduce the effort of the team members for the management of the project (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016).

The main stages of the project are given below:

Project initiation phase – In this stage and analysis is made on the requirement of the project and a feasibility study is made fir the identification of the risk associated with the development of the project.

Planning stage – In this stage an outline of the project should be created and the resources required for the project is assigned to each of the activity for the estimation of the budget (Mir and Pinnington 2014). The communication plan, strategic management plan and the risk management plan is also created.

Scope Change Control

Execution stage – In this stage the development of the project is started following the project schedule created.

Monitoring stage – In this stage the project manager monitors the progress of the project and controls the different operation for resolving the problems in the project and develop a quality project.

Closure stage – All the stakeholders are involved and the documentation of the project is created for signing the project closure document.

Effective leadership and administrative is important for the organizing the task and increase the productivity of the team members for successful development of the project (Heldman 2015). The project manager should have leadership skills and able to communicate with all the stakeholders efficiently for management of the problems faced by the team members.

The control problems that may occur within the project are described as below:

Scope change control: The requests for change in project scope during lifecycle of the project may lead to delay or even failure (Cicmil et al. 2017). Hence, controlling the changes in project scope is a challenging task for the project.

Risk control: The controlling of risks that may arise during execution of the project is also a bit complex task. The improper control of risks may lead to failure of the project.

Quality control: Quality is considered as an essential factor to determine success of the project (Lock 2017). Hence, the controlling of quality may be hampered with the changes in project scope which in turn would result into failure of the project.

The assumptions that have been made in context to the Watson PLC project are listed as below:

• Availability of adequate funds required for the project.
• Availability of adequate resources for the project.
• Required workforce has suitable skills and expertise.

Constraints are essential factors to determine success of any project as those ensure that whether it will be complete within estimated time and budget. The constraints identified in context to the Watson PLC project are described as below:

Scope: The request for changes in project scope at a certain point in between lifecycle of the project may hinder the progress (Portny 2017). This may eventually cause delay or even failure of the project.

Time: The completion of project within estimated time is an important factor for satisfaction of the client. Hence, if the project is delayed then the client may not be satisfied and accept the project.

Cost: Cost is an important factor for successful execution of a project as if there is shortage in funding in between the progress of project then it may cause failure of the project (Todorovic et al. 2015). Hence, there is a need to make proper budgeting for success of any project.

Gantt Chart

The deliverables of the project for Watson PLC are illustrated as below:

• A new club with new facilities and services.
• A small 100 seat cinema theatre.
• A beauty spa with vast range of treatments and services.

Resource Name	Type	Initials	Max. Units	Std. Rate
Project manager	Work	PM	100%	$20.00/hr
Finance manager	Work	FM	100%	$18.00/hr
Project sponsors	Work	PS	100%	$20.00/hr
Contractors	Work	C	100%	$15.00/hr
Sub-contractors	Work	SC	100%	$12.00/hr
HR manager	Work	HRM	100%	$10.00/hr
Facility manager	Work	FCM	100%	$0.00/hr
Business analyst	Work	BA	100%	$18.00/hr
material needed for extensive beauty spa	Material	M		$130.00
Materials needed for fitness facility	Material	M		$121.00
Materials needed for other services	Material	M		$115.00

Resource Name	Responsibilities
Project manager	This person will be responsible for managing, organizing and executing required activities to accomplish the project.
Finance manager	This person will be responsible for management of the financial aspects of the business.
Project sponsors	This person will be responsible for funding the project.
Contractors	The contractors will be responsible for delivery of materials or resources required to execute the project.
Sub-contractors	This person will be responsible to execute the
HR manager	This person will be responsible for recruitment and management of required labor force to complete project.
Facility manager	This person will ensure that required materials and resources are available for execution of the required activities.
Business analyst	This person will be responsible to manage the required business activities.

WBS	Task Name	Duration	Start	Finish	Predecessors	Resource Names
0	Time schedule development for Watson PLC	220 days	Tue 23-01-18	Mon 26-11-18
1	Project initiation phase	64 days	Tue 23-01-18	Fri 20-04-18
1.1	Understanding current status of Watson PLC	10 days	Tue 23-01-18	Mon 05-02-18		Project manager
1.2	Determining the requirements of the project	6 days	Tue 06-02-18	Tue 13-02-18	2	contractors ,project manager ,project sponsors
1.3	Analyzing the provision and operational ability of the company	9 days	Wed 14-02-18	Mon 26-02-18	3	Business analyst ,Facility manager ,project manager
1.4	Feasibility study	5 days	Tue 27-02-18	Mon 05-03-18	4	finance manager
1.5	Identification of project risks	8 days	Tue 06-03-18	Thu 15-03-18	4,5	Business analyst ,HR manager
1.6	Analysis the project risks	6 days	Fri 16-03-18	Fri 23-03-18	5,6	Facility manager
1.7	Development of risk mitigation approaches	3 days	Mon 26-03-18	Wed 28-03-18	7	Business analyst ,project sponsors
1.8	Allocation total time for completing the project	7 days	Thu 29-03-18	Fri 06-04-18	8	Facility manager ,project sponsors
1.9	Selection of project team	10 days	Mon 09-04-18	Fri 20-04-18	9	HR manager
2	Milestone 1: Completion of project initiation phase	0 days	Fri 20-04-18	Fri 20-04-18	10	project manager
3	Project planning phase	58 days	Mon 23-04-18	Wed 11-07-18
3.1	Understanding requirements for expansion	12 days	Mon 23-04-18	Tue 08-05-18	11	Business analyst ,project manager ,project sponsors
3.2	Outlining the blueprint of the company	8 days	Wed 09-05-18	Fri 18-05-18	13	contractors ,sub-contractors
3.3	Outlining the expected facilities to be provided	9 days	Mon 21-05-18	Thu 31-05-18	13,14	Facility manager ,material needed for extensive beauty spa [1]
3.4	Assigning project resources	6 days	Fri 01-06-18	Fri 08-06-18	15	HR manager ,project sponsors
3.5	Executing project management plan	8 days	Mon 11-06-18	Wed 20-06-18	16	project manager ,project sponsors
3.6	Set up accurate tracking system	5 days	Thu 21-06-18	Wed 27-06-18	16,17	Business analyst ,project manager
3.7	Developing procurement plan	4 days	Thu 28-06-18	Tue 03-07-18	18	finance manager
3.8	Developing communication plan	6 days	Wed 04-07-18	Wed 11-07-18	19	HR manager ,project sponsors
4	Milestone 2: Completion of project planning phase	0 days	Wed 11-07-18	Wed 11-07-18	20	project manager
5	Project execution phase	54 days	Thu 12-07-18	Tue 25-09-18
5.1	Analyzing the current facilities served by the company	9 days	Thu 12-07-18	Tue 24-07-18	21	Facility manager
5.2	Subsequent opening up of 24 clubs	7 days	Wed 25-07-18	Thu 02-08-18	23	Materials needed for other services [1],Materials needed for treatment facility [1],material needed for extensive beauty spa [1]
5.3	Incorporating 25X12 meter swimming pool	8 days	Fri 03-08-18	Tue 14-08-18	23,24	project sponsors
5.4	Implementation of fitness facilities	6 days	Wed 15-08-18	Wed 22-08-18	25	Business analyst ,material needed for extensive beauty spa [1]
5.5	Constructing cinema hall	8 days	Thu 23-08-18	Mon 03-09-18	26	project manager ,project sponsors
5.6	Opening spa with sauna	7 days	Tue 04-09-18	Wed 12-09-18	27	contractors ,sub-contractors ,Materials needed for treatment facility [1]
5.7	material collection for treatment facility	9 days	Thu 13-09-18	Tue 25-09-18	28	contractors ,Materials needed for other services [1],sub-contractors
6	Milestone 3: Completion of project execution phase	0 days	Tue 25-09-18	Tue 25-09-18	28,29	project sponsors
7	Project monitoring phase	32 days	Wed 26-09-18	Thu 08-11-18
7.1	Providing project status report on a regular basis	2 days	Wed 26-09-18	Thu 27-09-18	30	project manager ,project sponsors
7.2	Tracking and managing project issues and risks	4 days	Fri 28-09-18	Wed 03-10-18	32	Facility manager ,project sponsors
7.3	Conducting project change management	3 days	Thu 04-10-18	Mon 08-10-18	33	contractors ,Facility manager ,sub-contractors
7.4	Development of project status	8 days	Tue 09-10-18	Thu 18-10-18	34	Facility manager ,finance manager
7.5	Developing project change log	9 days	Fri 19-10-18	Wed 31-10-18	34,35	Business analyst ,finance manager ,sub-contractors
7.6	Performing project quality management	6 days	Thu 01-11-18	Thu 08-11-18	36	Business analyst
8	Milestone 4: Completion of project Monitoring phase	0 days	Thu 08-11-18	Thu 08-11-18	37	project manager
9	Project closure phase	12 days	Fri 09-11-18	Mon 26-11-18
9.1	Stakeholders signoff	4 days	Fri 09-11-18	Wed 14-11-18	38	project sponsors
9.2	Final project documentation	3 days	Thu 15-11-18	Mon 19-11-18	40	project manager
9.3	Post project maintenance planning	5 days	Tue 20-11-18	Mon 26-11-18	41	project manager
10	Milestone 5: Completion of project closure phase	0 days	Mon 26-11-18	Mon 26-11-18	42	project manager
11	Milestone 1: Completion of project initiation phase	0 days	Fri 20-04-18	Fri 20-04-18	10	project manager
12	Milestone 2: Completion of project planning phase	0 days	Wed 11-07-18	Wed 11-07-18	20	project manager
13	Milestone 3: Completion of project execution phase	0 days	Tue 25-09-18	Tue 25-09-18	28,29	project sponsors
14	Milestone 4: Completion of project monitoring phase	0 days	Thu 08-11-18	Thu 08-11-18	37	project manager
15	Milestone 5: Completion of project closure phase	0 days	Mon 26-11-18	Mon 26-11-18	42	project manager

Milestones	Start	Finish
Milestone 1: Completion of project initiation phase	Fri 20-04-18	Fri 20-04-18
Milestone 2: Completion of project planning phase	Wed 11-07-18	Wed 11-07-18
Milestone 3: Completion of project execution phase	Tue 25-09-18	Tue 25-09-18
Milestone 4: Completion of project monitoring phase	Thu 08-11-18	Thu 08-11-18
Milestone 5: Completion of project closure phase	Mon 26-11-18	Mon 26-11-18

Activity Name	Cost
Project initiation phase	$8,080.00
Project planning phase	$14,962.00
Project execution phase	$8,892.00
Project monitoring phase	$7,400.00
Project closure phase	$1,920.00
Total Budget	$41,254.00

Purpose	Involved person	Frequency	Impact	Medium of communication
To discuss about the project objectives, aims and goal of Watson PLC.	Project manager and project team members	Weekly	High	PPT, conferences, Face to face meeting
About the knowledge management strategies to be adopted	Project manager and business analyst	Weekly	Medium	Conferences, PPT
About all the required materials	Project manager and	Monthly	High	Conferences, PPT, emails
About the requirements of the beauty spa extension	Project manager, contractors and sub-contractors  and project sponsors	Weekly	Medium	Conferences, PPT, emails
To discuss about the control problems and project lifecycle that has to be adopted	Business analysts and project sponsors	Monthly	High	Conferences, PPT

Name of the stakeholders	Signature
Project manager	<Please fill>
HR manager	<Please fill>
Finance manager	<Please fill>
Contractors	<Please fill>
Sub-Contractors	<Please fill>
Facility manager	<Please fill>
Business analyst	<Please fill>

Conclusion

From the overall discussion it can be concluded that in order to complete the entire project the project manager and finance manager has estimated project budget and timeline as well. It is expected that with the help of the project preliminary estimation the company will be able table to meet the project objectives accurately. Watson PLC had opened 24 clubs in US and with the changing time phase the company has also opened 24 more clubs in US. In order to gain effective revenue and success from the competitive market the company was willing to open a small cinema hall with 100 seats. After completing the project documentation it is found that, the project will be completed within estimated time phase within estimated budget.

References

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