Ubiquitous media is a system that can be created everywhere without physical existence. This type of medium entails the technologies which are not visible but exists everywhere practically. This system is used by individuals in their day to day practices because it exists in the atmosphere, transportation network and system exercised in daily routine. Ubiquitous scrutiny aids to perceive the responses and movement of individuals and also aids company to make adjustment as per those reactions (Lovejoy and Saxton, 2012).
This project would be beneficial to offer depth understanding regarding the concept of ubiquitous media system and its significance within the organization. It would also aid to facilitate the information about a different corporation which practices this system as an essential element of the business. Moreover, implementation and using this system in day to day life is effective to solve the current threats of organization and also aids to prevent the issues in long-term (Hoffman, et. al., 2014).
According to Nikou and Bouwman (2014), the main concept of ubiquitous scrutiny is based on computing techniques which has used to observe the behavior and activities of people with respect to particular products and services. For example, people use some application and system where activity tracking software is practiced by a corporation. These software tracing practices include the number of times an app is opened or closed, and a number of times users have searched the particular products and kind of purchase and option chosen by a user.
In the view of Effing and Spil (2016), the fundamental procedure incorporated in the scrutiny of ubiquitous media. This can be discussed on the basis of environment psychology theory. It discusses the communication amid customer purchases and transactions. It is also analyzed that there are different ventures which use ubiquitous surveillance system for executing the process in an entertaining manner. This concept is emphasized on the digital music, and video streaming markets in which it is virtually possible for organizations to evaluate the customer’s requirement with the support to their activities. For instance, Google Play, Netflix, and BBC iPlayer track playlist are used to monitor preferable services for users.
According to Jennings et al. (2014), Ubiquitous system aids to monitor the aggregate preference of customers under certain criteria. It facilitates the corporation to design the products according to the customer’s preferences. The critical aspect of this process is that it entails the giant data analysis to monitor the intention and make a final judgment about the customers. Moreover, it is analyzed that involvement of critical ICT technologies entails the high expenses and also a large amount of financial funding.
Literature gap
The above theories rely on the ubiquitous media which do not appropriately demonstrated the procedure related to the adequate execution of such ideas. Researcher evaluated that there are complexities to get statistical information related to ubiquitous media concepts. There is also inadequate data with respect to a corporation that exercise to practical assessment. It generates complexities for a corporation to extend the evaluation with the help of theoretical concepts and collected information (Colbert, et. al., 2016).
The research design is beneficial to facilitate the suitable guidance for pooling the views and determines the findings associated with research matter. Following are different types of research design:
Chart 1: Qualitative research process
(Sources: Maciel, et. al., 2015).
In the initial level, a researcher will make the research questionnaire where each question will be associated with research issue. Subsequently, the researcher will select the appropriate research subject in which they are interested and finds the different sites regarding research issue. After that, a researcher will generate the conceptual framework and theoretical perceptive to do research and assess the findings (Maciel, et. al., 2015).This process is used to generate the theories regarding the use of ubiquitous media in business organizations.
Approaches to reliability and Validity
For this research, the researcher will use the inductive approach due to subjective nature of research topic. This approach will allow a researcher to create more conceptual framework and theories related to research matter and also improve the reliability and validity of research findings (Chin, et. al., 2015)
Sampling and Sample Size
Sampling is a procedure to select the respondents from large number of population. With the intention of qualitative nature, the researcher will select the non-probability sampling method. This sampling method will take a long time and high expenses due to using open ended-questionnaire for an interview (He, et. al., 2015). For conducting the interview, 10 marketing experts will be chosen from a different corporation which uses ubiquitous surveillance system.
Data Collection Method
For conducting this research, primary data collection method will be used a researcher. This data will be collected from survey through questionnaire because it allows a researcher to pool a large amount of information from specified participants. They deliver the fresh information about research topic which would be effective to enhance the reliability and validity of outcome (Stanko and Beckman, 2015).
Variables Specifications
With the purpose of this research, two kinds of variables will be used a researcher named dependent and independent. Independent variable is the use of ubiquitous media and the dependent variable is business practices of different companies (Väyrynen, et. al., 2013).
Chart 2: Quantitative research process
(Sources: McFarland and Ployhart, 2015).
On the basis of above chart, it can be stated that a researcher will develop a theory and hypothesis at the primary level. Afterward, a research will create the research design and different aspects about research issue. Subsequently, a researcher will select appropriate sites and suitable subject matter. After that, a researcher will pool the information and assess it through distinct tools. Later, a researcher will assess the findings to attain the research objectives and draw out the conclusion (Sources: McFarland and Ployhart, 2015).
Research instrument is used to assess the technique by which a researcher will pool the facts and figures about the research topic. For conducting this research, a research will also use secondary data by using the different sources like an annual report, textbook, academic journals, online and offline sites, and government publications. This method is useful for a researcher because it takes less time and cost (Väyrynen, et. al., 2013).
Chart 3: Quantitative data analysis process
(Sources: Väyrynen, et. al., 2013).
From the above chart, it can be stated that a researcher will formulate the data at the initial level. After that, a researcher will choose the appropriate data from different alternatives. Then, a researcher will increase the understanding with respect to recoding, mean and frequencies of data. Later, a researcher will choose different techniques such as crosstabs and statistics to analyse the data. In this way, MS-Excel software will use to represent the information through distinct tables, graphs, and pie-charts. Subsequently, a researcher will assess the findings and interpret it. These all process will allow the researcher to meet the research objectives in a given time duration (Stanko and Beckman, 2015).
For quantitative analysis, a researcher will use probability sampling method because it enables them to facilitate equal opportunities to their respondents for giving their opinions and views. As a result, it could be beneficial to decline partiality from the survey. For conducting this survey, approximately 50 employees will be selected by a researcher who uses ubiquitous media in their business practices (Chin, et. al., 2015). It would be appropriate for a researcher to get a reliable and valid outcome with less effort because close-ended questionnaire will be used for this research purpose.
Reliability and Validity of Data
Validity defines the level by which viability of different aspect is evaluated in quantitative research. For instance, a researcher will execute the survey through a questionnaire to evaluate the use of ubiquitous media in business practices. Another method is reliability which can be exercised by a researcher to determine the superiority of quantitative research. Moreover, these quantitative data is evaluated by a literature review which enhances the reliability and validity of research in an effective and efficient way (Maciel, et. al., 2015).
There are different research issues faced by a researcher during the research. These issues are inadequate resources, cost, and time constraints. It can also create complexities in data collection process. Moreover, there is some limitation which is also faced by a researcher while conducting the survey through questionnaire and choosing the sample size. Besides this, the researcher will be liable to keep the privacy of respondent’s information. These limitations can affect the reliability and validity of research results (McFarland and Ployhart, 2015).
(See: Exhibit 1)
Conclusion
From the above report, it can be concluded that Ubiquitous monitoring entails the innovative but difficult technologies to assess each activity of individuals. This system aids to expand the business by observing the behavior of the consumer. However, this system entails some disadvantages like cyber threat and cost. It can be also summarized that if ubiquitous monitoring has executed in appropriate structure then it can lead to getting the opportunity for the organization. It can be also concluded that this research design will include both qualitative and quantitative research design to meet the research objectives. In the last, it can be summarized that this research will take 10 weeks to perform all the activities of the research.
References
Chin, C. P. Y., Evans, N., and Choo, K. K. R. (2015) ‘Exploring factors influencing the use of enterprise social networks in multinational professional service firms’, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 25(3), pp. 289-315.
Colbert, A., Yee, N., and George, G. (2016) ‘The digital workforce and the workplace of the future’, Academy of Management Journal, 59(3), pp. 731-739.
Effing, R., and Spil, T. A. (2016) ‘The social strategy cone: Towards a framework for evaluating social media strategies’, International journal of information management, 36(1), pp. 1-8.
He, W., Wu, H., Yan, G., Akula, V., and Shen, J. (2015) ‘A novel social media competitive analytics framework with sentiment benchmarks’, Information and Management, 52(7), pp, 801-812.
Hoffman, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E., Weintraub Austin, E., and Reyes-Velázquez, W. (2014) ‘Exploring college students’ use of general and alcohol-related social media and their associations with alcohol-related behaviors’, Journal of American College Health, 62(5), pp. 328-335.
Jennings, S. E., Blount, J. R., and Weatherly, M. G. (2014) ‘Social media—A virtual Pandora’s box: Prevalence, possible legal liabilities, and policies’, Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 77(1), pp. 96-113.
Lovejoy, K., and Saxton, G. D. (2012) ‘Information, community, and action: How nonprofit organizations use social media’, Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication, 17(3), pp. 337-353.
Maciel, C., De Souza, P. C., Viterbo, J., Mendes, F. F., and Seghrouchni, A. E. F. (2015) ‘A multi-agent architecture to support ubiquitous applications in smart environments’, In Agent Technology for Intelligent Mobile Services and Smart Societies(pp. 106-116). Berlin: Springer.
McFarland, L. A., and Ployhart, R. E. (2015) ‘Social media: A contextual framework to guide research and practice’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(6), p. 1653.
Nikou, S., and Bouwman, H. (2014) ‘Ubiquitous use of mobile social network services’, Telematics and Informatics, 31(3), pp. 422-433.
Stanko, T. L., and Beckman, C. M. (2015) ‘Watching you watching me: Boundary control and capturing attention in the context of ubiquitous technology use’, Academy of Management Journal, 58(3), pp. 712-738.
Väyrynen, K., Hekkala, R., and Liias, T. (2013) ‘Knowledge protection challenges of social media encountered by organizations’, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 23(1-2), pp. 34-55.
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