1.Automated Teller Machines or simply ATMs are designed for the benefit of those people, who do not have time to go to the bank for the purpose of withdrawing any amount of money (Laudon & Laudon, 2015). It is a particular device for electronic telecommunications, which significantly enables all the customers or clients of the financial institutions for performing any kind of financial transaction. These types of systems are integrated with information systems. CIA or confidentiality, integrity and availability are the most important requirements that are solely related to these types of information systems. These three requirements are extremely important for the ATM as they are responsible for the overall security of the information system (Venkatesh, Brown & Bala, 2013). The description of these requirements with their importance is stated below.
iii) Availability: The third and another significant requirement in the CIA is the availability (Galliers & Leidner, 2014). This particular requirement helps to determine the available resources for any ATM transaction. The hardware that is utilized here has an incorporation of information system within it. Under no circumstances, this data should be changed or altered and thus, the steps for ensuring that data is not taken by the unauthorized people should be executed with excellence. Examples of availability in any such system are as follows:
2.An ATM or an Automated Teller Machine is the particular device that is utilized for the purpose of cash withdrawal from any specific bank account. The users of this ATM are provided with a unique card that has a number within it and a personal identification number or PIN number (Peltier, 2013). This unique card number and the PIN number make that particular ATM card absolutely different from the rest of the cards and thus only the authorized user can access the bank account.
As per the given scenario, a thief wants to steal money from any typical ATM machine and thus he has eventually broken the Automated Teller Machine with the help of a screwdriver. He has even jammed the card reader of that ATM machine and has broken the five specific keys of the keypad of the machine.
In the middle of all these, the thief had to stop his process of break in and had to hide since a customer has approached to the ATM. The customer entered into the ATM, enters the ATM card, punches his unique 4 digits PIN number and then finally withdraws some cash from his back account. Next, he tries to take out the card. Unfortunately, since the specific card reader of the Automated Teller Machine was jammed by the hidden thief, the customer is unable to do so.
The customer then goes out to seek some type of help to get out his particular card from the ATM machine. Meanwhile, the thief enters into the ATM again. This time he has the plan to steal money from the customer’s bank account. He thus, took the decision to know about the PIN of the customer’s ATM card.
He knew that the PIN number is of four digits and there is a fixed probability of this detection of PIN within the ATM machine.
The total number of possibilities of the detecting of the four keys that could be entered by the thief is as follows:
5P4 = 5!/(5 – 4)! = 5!/4! = 1205P4 = 5!/(5 – 4)! = 5!/4! = 120 times.
Thus, the thief can detect the PIN of the customer for about 120 new ways. Although, each and every ATM system has their own security features and all of them should be maintained substantially. The most important restriction in any ATM entry is the number of entry into the machine. Only three times the PIN number could be given and if this number exceeds, and more than three numbers of wrong entries are given, the card would automatically be blocked or jammed.
3.The typical process of security for uniquely identifying any particular individual is known as biometric authentication procedure. The unique characteristics or features of biological attribute of any person are utilized in this type of system to recognize him without any type of problem (Von Solms & Van Niekerk, 2013). This type of verification is done in almost all offices, schools or colleges. Fraud cases or forged identification is avoided in the biometric authentication. The biometric authentication system is the unique combination of biological features and information system.
Databases are present within these types of biometric authentication systems. The databases are responsible for collecting as well as storing all types of authenticated data that are being extracted from the previously existing data (Baskerville, Spagnoletti & Kim, 2014). The data that is entered in the real time are matched with the data present within the database. This helps to know about the fact whether the person who is entering into the system or the building is actually the authenticated person or not. If the data is not matched, the authentication fails and the system stops the person from entering into the building or getting access of that system. This type of authentication system is also utilized in the control of the access to the physical devices or any type of digital resources. Sufficient communication bandwidth is provided and thus preventing of the bottleneck occurrence is extremely significant (Jouini, Rabai & Aissa, 2014). Disaster recovery and redundancy are also checked by this. Thus, data redundancy is avoided by the system of biometric authentication. Various people; even utilize this type of authentication system for locking their phones, tablets or laptops. It is very difficult to crack any computing device that is already being locked with bio-metric authentication.
Although, few disadvantages are also present in this type of systems. For these disadvantages, people are reluctant to utilize this system. Three such important reasons are depicted below with their solutions.
For solving the problem of extra or additional requirement of hardware, the office can opt for cost effective and cheap hardware. This would be helpful for the office or school as their budget would be maintained.
To help in type of situation, various metrics like False Rejection Rate or FRR and False Acceptance Rate or Far are being utilized.
iii) Problem in Password Resetting: The final reason of various people being absolutely reluctant with biometric system is that the password could not reset easily.
The passwords could be easily reset with regulations like HIPAA, Sarbanes-Oxley and PCI-DDS. These do not incur any type of complexity.
4.Biometric authentication system can be solely defined as the verification process of any user’s identity, which eventually involves the any type of biological input, scanning or even analysis of the body parts. The methods of biometric authentication are utilized for the successful protection of several types of systems, such as the logical systems that are being facilitated through the access points of hardware or even to the physical systems that are eventually protected with the help of physical barriers (Chaudhry et al., 2015). The physical barriers mainly refer to the secured facilities as well as the protected research site. The biometric authentication system is very much different from the other authentication systems like passwords or unique usernames and it is extremely effective.
Biometric authentication system is the most effective authentication system as it is impossible to transfer any biological feature or characteristic to any other person. Thus, the chances of fraud cases are almost nil in this type of authentication system. For the schools, colleges, and offices any kind of forged attendance is reduced or removed and thus the confidentiality or integrity of the attendance is maintained properly.
The traditional expenses of the biometric system sometimes make it difficult to implement or utilize (Schroff, Kalenichenko & Philbin, 2015). However, the most important advantages of this system mainly include improvised security and privacy, improvised customer experience and satisfaction, reduction in the operational costs and also avoidance of password remembrance or lost.
The popular examples of the biometric authentication system are the iris recognition, face recognition, fingerprint recognition, identification of DNA, voice recognition, scanning of retina, scanning of palm, scanning of hand geometry and many others.
Biometric authentication provides perfect results and thus helps to maintain the integrity and confidentiality (Frank et al., 2013). However, they are certain situations, where this particular system fails to provide perfect or accurate outputs. It falsifies the data and the system is not trusted again. This type of situation mainly arrives when the authorized person is stopped from getting access of his or her own things. The false negative rates are then considered as more serious than the false rates that are positive. Two circumstances are depicted below, which helps to understand this type of situation.
5.1st part
Encryption can be defined as the safest mode for hiding any confidential information from the unauthorized access. Thus, this confidentiality should be maintained with utmost safety and security (Singh, 2013). Columnar transposition is the specific type or method of encryption that helps to encrypt or decrypt any sensitive information or data. It is the process by which plain text is being encrypted to a cipher text so that all the unauthorized users are unable to hack or crack it. The plain text could be written in any language, however, the cipher text is written in a decrypted format. The order of all the units in a cipher text is altered and thus the plaintext is solely recorded (Tamjidyamcholo etal., 2013). Mathematically, any particular bijective function is being utilized on the positions of the characters for the purpose of encrypting and a particular inverse function for decryption that typical cipher text. The transposition cipher could be easily decrypted with the help of a columnar transposition of the method of decrypting. It is done by permutation procedure. The best methodology of transposition cipher is the rail fence cipher method. The plain text within the rail fence cipher is usually written downwards as specific rails of any imaginary fence and thus shifting up when it is pushed to bottom. The first keyword could be utilized for both times or even some other key could be utilized for the application of this algorithm during the next time (Sayed et al., 2013). The process of rail fence consists of two steps.
2nd part
George has a company that is responsible for producing mobile phones. He is facing competition in the market and he has decided to change few things in the existing phones. To prevent the information from getting leaked, he has encrypted the information. This is done with Caesar cipher.
The cipher text that is to be converted is NTJWKHXK AMK WWUJJYZTX MWKXZKUHE and the key is 234.
By using the Caesar cipher as well as substitution algorithms, the resultant would be:
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
|
Encrypted Text |
N |
T |
J |
W |
K |
H |
X |
K |
|
|
Numeric value |
14 |
20 |
10 |
23 |
11 |
8 |
24 |
11 |
|
|
Substitution Key |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
Decoded from Substitution Cipher |
12 |
17 |
6 |
21 |
8 |
4 |
22 |
8 |
|
|
Caeser Cipher Shifting |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
Decoded from Caeser Cipher |
9 |
14 |
3 |
18 |
5 |
1 |
19 |
5 |
|
|
Decoded Text |
I |
N |
C |
R |
E |
A |
S |
E |
|
|
Given Encrypted Text |
A |
M |
K |
||||||
|
Corresponding numeric value |
1 |
13 |
11 |
||||||
|
Substitution Key |
4 |
2 |
3 |
||||||
|
Decoded from Substitution Cipher |
23 |
11 |
8 |
||||||
|
Caeser Cipher Shifting |
3 |
3 |
3 |
||||||
|
Decoded from Caeser Cipher |
20 |
8 |
5 |
||||||
|
Decoded Text |
T |
H |
E |
|
Given Encrypted Text |
W |
W |
U |
J |
J |
Y |
Z |
T |
X |
|
Corresponding Numeric Value |
23 |
23 |
21 |
10 |
10 |
25 |
26 |
20 |
24 |
|
Key |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
Decoded from substitution cipher |
19 |
21 |
18 |
6 |
8 |
22 |
22 |
18 |
21 |
|
Caeser Cipher Shifting |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Decoded from Caeser Cipher |
16 |
18 |
15 |
3 |
5 |
19 |
19 |
15 |
18 |
|
Decoded Text |
P |
R |
O |
C |
E |
S |
S |
O |
R |
|
Given Encrypted Text |
M |
W |
K |
X |
Z |
K |
U |
H |
E |
|
Corresponding Numeric Values |
13 |
23 |
11 |
24 |
26 |
11 |
21 |
8 |
5 |
|
Key |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
Decoded from Substitution Cipher |
9 |
21 |
8 |
20 |
24 |
8 |
17 |
6 |
2 |
|
Caeser Cipher Shifting |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Decoded from Caeser Cipher |
6 |
18 |
5 |
17 |
21 |
5 |
14 |
3 |
25 |
|
Decoded Text |
F |
R |
E |
Q |
U |
E |
N |
C |
Y |
Hence, the final resultant of encrypted text of NTJWKHXK AMK WWUJJYZTX MWKXZKUHE is
INCREASE THE PROCESSOR FREQUENCY.
References
Baskerville, R., Spagnoletti, P., & Kim, J. (2014). Incident-centered information security: Managing a strategic balance between prevention and response. Information & Management, 51(1), 138-151.
Chaudhry, S. A., Mahmood, K., Naqvi, H., & Khan, M. K. (2015). An improved and secure biometric authentication scheme for telecare medicine information systems based on elliptic curve cryptography. Journal of Medical Systems, 39(11), 175.
Frank, M., Biedert, R., Ma, E., Martinovic, I., & Song, D. (2013). Touchalytics: On the applicability of touchscreen input as a behavioral biometric for continuous authentication. IEEE transactions on information forensics and security, 8(1), 136-148.
Galliers, R. D., & Leidner, D. E. (Eds.). (2014). Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge.
Jouini, M., Rabai, L. B. A., & Aissa, A. B. (2014). Classification of security threats in information systems. Procedia Computer Science, 32, 489-496.
Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2015). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText–Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press.
Peltier, T. R. (2013). Information security fundamentals. CRC Press.
Rainer, R. K., Cegielski, C. G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I., & Sanchez-Rodriguez, C. (2013). Introduction to information systems. John Wiley & Sons.
Sayed, B., Traoré, I., Woungang, I., & Obaidat, M. S. (2013). Biometric authentication using mouse gesture dynamics. IEEE Systems Journal, 7(2), 262-274.
Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., & Philbin, J. (2015). Facenet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 815-823).
Singh, G. (2013). A study of encryption algorithms (RSA, DES, 3DES and AES) for information security. International Journal of Computer Applications, 67(19).
Soomro, Z. A., Shah, M. H., & Ahmed, J. (2016). Information security management needs more holistic approach: A literature review. International Journal of Information Management, 36(2), 215-225.
Stair, R., & Reynolds, G. (2013). Principles of information systems. Cengage Learning.
Tamjidyamcholo, A., Baba, M. S. B., Tamjid, H., & Gholipour, R. (2013). Information security–Professional perceptions of knowledge-sharing intention under self-efficacy, trust, reciprocity, and shared-language. Computers & Education, 68, 223-232.
Venkatesh, V., Brown, S. A., & Bala, H. (2013). Bridging the qualitative-quantitative divide: Guidelines for conducting mixed methods research in information systems. MIS quarterly, 37(1).
Von Solms, R., & Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security. computers & security, 38, 97-102.
1.Automated Teller Machines or simply ATMs are designed for the benefit of those people, who do not have time to go to the bank for the purpose of withdrawing any amount of money (Laudon & Laudon, 2015). It is a particular device for electronic telecommunications, which significantly enables all the customers or clients of the financial institutions for performing any kind of financial transaction. These types of systems are integrated with information systems. CIA or confidentiality, integrity and availability are the most important requirements that are solely related to these types of information systems. These three requirements are extremely important for the ATM as they are responsible for the overall security of the information system (Venkatesh, Brown & Bala, 2013). The description of these requirements with their importance is stated below.
iii) Availability: The third and another significant requirement in the CIA is the availability (Galliers & Leidner, 2014). This particular requirement helps to determine the available resources for any ATM transaction. The hardware that is utilized here has an incorporation of information system within it. Under no circumstances, this data should be changed or altered and thus, the steps for ensuring that data is not taken by the unauthorized people should be executed with excellence. Examples of availability in any such system are as follows:
2.An ATM or an Automated Teller Machine is the particular device that is utilized for the purpose of cash withdrawal from any specific bank account. The users of this ATM are provided with a unique card that has a number within it and a personal identification number or PIN number (Peltier, 2013). This unique card number and the PIN number make that particular ATM card absolutely different from the rest of the cards and thus only the authorized user can access the bank account.
As per the given scenario, a thief wants to steal money from any typical ATM machine and thus he has eventually broken the Automated Teller Machine with the help of a screwdriver. He has even jammed the card reader of that ATM machine and has broken the five specific keys of the keypad of the machine.
In the middle of all these, the thief had to stop his process of break in and had to hide since a customer has approached to the ATM. The customer entered into the ATM, enters the ATM card, punches his unique 4 digits PIN number and then finally withdraws some cash from his back account. Next, he tries to take out the card. Unfortunately, since the specific card reader of the Automated Teller Machine was jammed by the hidden thief, the customer is unable to do so.
The customer then goes out to seek some type of help to get out his particular card from the ATM machine. Meanwhile, the thief enters into the ATM again. This time he has the plan to steal money from the customer’s bank account. He thus, took the decision to know about the PIN of the customer’s ATM card.
He knew that the PIN number is of four digits and there is a fixed probability of this detection of PIN within the ATM machine.
The total number of possibilities of the detecting of the four keys that could be entered by the thief is as follows:
5P4 = 5!/(5 – 4)! = 5!/4! = 1205P4 = 5!/(5 – 4)! = 5!/4! = 120 times.
Thus, the thief can detect the PIN of the customer for about 120 new ways. Although, each and every ATM system has their own security features and all of them should be maintained substantially. The most important restriction in any ATM entry is the number of entry into the machine. Only three times the PIN number could be given and if this number exceeds, and more than three numbers of wrong entries are given, the card would automatically be blocked or jammed.
3.The typical process of security for uniquely identifying any particular individual is known as biometric authentication procedure. The unique characteristics or features of biological attribute of any person are utilized in this type of system to recognize him without any type of problem (Von Solms & Van Niekerk, 2013). This type of verification is done in almost all offices, schools or colleges. Fraud cases or forged identification is avoided in the biometric authentication. The biometric authentication system is the unique combination of biological features and information system.
Databases are present within these types of biometric authentication systems. The databases are responsible for collecting as well as storing all types of authenticated data that are being extracted from the previously existing data (Baskerville, Spagnoletti & Kim, 2014). The data that is entered in the real time are matched with the data present within the database. This helps to know about the fact whether the person who is entering into the system or the building is actually the authenticated person or not. If the data is not matched, the authentication fails and the system stops the person from entering into the building or getting access of that system. This type of authentication system is also utilized in the control of the access to the physical devices or any type of digital resources. Sufficient communication bandwidth is provided and thus preventing of the bottleneck occurrence is extremely significant (Jouini, Rabai & Aissa, 2014). Disaster recovery and redundancy are also checked by this. Thus, data redundancy is avoided by the system of biometric authentication. Various people; even utilize this type of authentication system for locking their phones, tablets or laptops. It is very difficult to crack any computing device that is already being locked with bio-metric authentication.
Although, few disadvantages are also present in this type of systems. For these disadvantages, people are reluctant to utilize this system. Three such important reasons are depicted below with their solutions.
For solving the problem of extra or additional requirement of hardware, the office can opt for cost effective and cheap hardware. This would be helpful for the office or school as their budget would be maintained.
To help in type of situation, various metrics like False Rejection Rate or FRR and False Acceptance Rate or Far are being utilized.
iii) Problem in Password Resetting: The final reason of various people being absolutely reluctant with biometric system is that the password could not reset easily.
The passwords could be easily reset with regulations like HIPAA, Sarbanes-Oxley and PCI-DDS. These do not incur any type of complexity.
4.Biometric authentication system can be solely defined as the verification process of any user’s identity, which eventually involves the any type of biological input, scanning or even analysis of the body parts. The methods of biometric authentication are utilized for the successful protection of several types of systems, such as the logical systems that are being facilitated through the access points of hardware or even to the physical systems that are eventually protected with the help of physical barriers (Chaudhry et al., 2015). The physical barriers mainly refer to the secured facilities as well as the protected research site. The biometric authentication system is very much different from the other authentication systems like passwords or unique usernames and it is extremely effective.
Biometric authentication system is the most effective authentication system as it is impossible to transfer any biological feature or characteristic to any other person. Thus, the chances of fraud cases are almost nil in this type of authentication system. For the schools, colleges, and offices any kind of forged attendance is reduced or removed and thus the confidentiality or integrity of the attendance is maintained properly.
The traditional expenses of the biometric system sometimes make it difficult to implement or utilize (Schroff, Kalenichenko & Philbin, 2015). However, the most important advantages of this system mainly include improvised security and privacy, improvised customer experience and satisfaction, reduction in the operational costs and also avoidance of password remembrance or lost.
The popular examples of the biometric authentication system are the iris recognition, face recognition, fingerprint recognition, identification of DNA, voice recognition, scanning of retina, scanning of palm, scanning of hand geometry and many others.
Biometric authentication provides perfect results and thus helps to maintain the integrity and confidentiality (Frank et al., 2013). However, they are certain situations, where this particular system fails to provide perfect or accurate outputs. It falsifies the data and the system is not trusted again. This type of situation mainly arrives when the authorized person is stopped from getting access of his or her own things. The false negative rates are then considered as more serious than the false rates that are positive. Two circumstances are depicted below, which helps to understand this type of situation.
5.1st part
Encryption can be defined as the safest mode for hiding any confidential information from the unauthorized access. Thus, this confidentiality should be maintained with utmost safety and security (Singh, 2013). Columnar transposition is the specific type or method of encryption that helps to encrypt or decrypt any sensitive information or data. It is the process by which plain text is being encrypted to a cipher text so that all the unauthorized users are unable to hack or crack it. The plain text could be written in any language, however, the cipher text is written in a decrypted format. The order of all the units in a cipher text is altered and thus the plaintext is solely recorded (Tamjidyamcholo etal., 2013). Mathematically, any particular bijective function is being utilized on the positions of the characters for the purpose of encrypting and a particular inverse function for decryption that typical cipher text. The transposition cipher could be easily decrypted with the help of a columnar transposition of the method of decrypting. It is done by permutation procedure. The best methodology of transposition cipher is the rail fence cipher method. The plain text within the rail fence cipher is usually written downwards as specific rails of any imaginary fence and thus shifting up when it is pushed to bottom. The first keyword could be utilized for both times or even some other key could be utilized for the application of this algorithm during the next time (Sayed et al., 2013). The process of rail fence consists of two steps.
2nd part
George has a company that is responsible for producing mobile phones. He is facing competition in the market and he has decided to change few things in the existing phones. To prevent the information from getting leaked, he has encrypted the information. This is done with Caesar cipher.
The cipher text that is to be converted is NTJWKHXK AMK WWUJJYZTX MWKXZKUHE and the key is 234.
By using the Caesar cipher as well as substitution algorithms, the resultant would be:
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
|
Encrypted Text |
N |
T |
J |
W |
K |
H |
X |
K |
|
|
Numeric value |
14 |
20 |
10 |
23 |
11 |
8 |
24 |
11 |
|
|
Substitution Key |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
Decoded from Substitution Cipher |
12 |
17 |
6 |
21 |
8 |
4 |
22 |
8 |
|
|
Caeser Cipher Shifting |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
Decoded from Caeser Cipher |
9 |
14 |
3 |
18 |
5 |
1 |
19 |
5 |
|
|
Decoded Text |
I |
N |
C |
R |
E |
A |
S |
E |
|
|
Given Encrypted Text |
A |
M |
K |
||||||
|
Corresponding numeric value |
1 |
13 |
11 |
||||||
|
Substitution Key |
4 |
2 |
3 |
||||||
|
Decoded from Substitution Cipher |
23 |
11 |
8 |
||||||
|
Caeser Cipher Shifting |
3 |
3 |
3 |
||||||
|
Decoded from Caeser Cipher |
20 |
8 |
5 |
||||||
|
Decoded Text |
T |
H |
E |
|
Given Encrypted Text |
W |
W |
U |
J |
J |
Y |
Z |
T |
X |
|
Corresponding Numeric Value |
23 |
23 |
21 |
10 |
10 |
25 |
26 |
20 |
24 |
|
Key |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
Decoded from substitution cipher |
19 |
21 |
18 |
6 |
8 |
22 |
22 |
18 |
21 |
|
Caeser Cipher Shifting |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Decoded from Caeser Cipher |
16 |
18 |
15 |
3 |
5 |
19 |
19 |
15 |
18 |
|
Decoded Text |
P |
R |
O |
C |
E |
S |
S |
O |
R |
|
Given Encrypted Text |
M |
W |
K |
X |
Z |
K |
U |
H |
E |
|
Corresponding Numeric Values |
13 |
23 |
11 |
24 |
26 |
11 |
21 |
8 |
5 |
|
Key |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
Decoded from Substitution Cipher |
9 |
21 |
8 |
20 |
24 |
8 |
17 |
6 |
2 |
|
Caeser Cipher Shifting |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Decoded from Caeser Cipher |
6 |
18 |
5 |
17 |
21 |
5 |
14 |
3 |
25 |
|
Decoded Text |
F |
R |
E |
Q |
U |
E |
N |
C |
Y |
Hence, the final resultant of encrypted text of NTJWKHXK AMK WWUJJYZTX MWKXZKUHE is
INCREASE THE PROCESSOR FREQUENCY.
References
Baskerville, R., Spagnoletti, P., & Kim, J. (2014). Incident-centered information security: Managing a strategic balance between prevention and response. Information & Management, 51(1), 138-151.
Chaudhry, S. A., Mahmood, K., Naqvi, H., & Khan, M. K. (2015). An improved and secure biometric authentication scheme for telecare medicine information systems based on elliptic curve cryptography. Journal of Medical Systems, 39(11), 175.
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