Most of the vehicles which are modern have some form of automation involved in their working. The term driverless can be referred to the vehicles which have a higher level of automation were the driver does not have to indulge in the steering wheel (Broggi et al. 2015). As the concept of technology is advancing continuously, it can be stated that the driverless car technology would be involved all the recent innovations of technology to get control of the surrounding, for example, laser light, radar, computer vision and odometer.
Operation
The concept of driverless car majorly have five components of operation:
Underlying networking principle of operation
The vision of computer: The concept can be referred very much similar to how the camera uses to get a view of the road (Alavi et al. 2017). The activity of human being in this context uses two eyes and brain to take control of the car, but on the other hand, the driverless car uses camera images to get a track of the lane lines or the track of other vehicles which surround them.
Fusion sensor: The concept can be referred to how the data integration is done with other sensors, for example, the laser and the radar with the camera data to build an understanding of the environment of the vehicle (Wadhwa and Salkever 2017). There are certain types of measurement which should be taken into consideration such as the velocity and the distance (Nguyen et al. 2017). These data directly help to get a richer concept of the understanding of the world.
Localisation: Localisation can be considered very much important in the concept because a distance as small as 1 or 2 meters can have an impact on the surrounding. If the car gets diverted due to the wrong calculation, it could get into the side walking bay. So to get a better concept complex algorithm are incorporated into the working so that there is no adverse condition being imposed.
Planning of path: Ones the car gets the calculation of the overall surrounding the next phase which would be taken into consideration is the planning of the path. In the phase of planning, there is a setup of trajectory through which the world to get the exact location where the driverless car would be going (Reichenbach 2017). The first prediction which would be taken into consideration is what other vehicles around the car would be going, and after that, a trajectory or path of execution would be considered that manoeuvred comfortably and safety.
Control: Control can be considered as a final step. Ones the path planning is done, the vehicle needs to turn the vehicle or hit the throttle or the break. The control mechanism can be considered to be very much important in this context due to the factor that the whole functionality of the car would be dependent on the car (Nguyen et al. 2017). There are different aspects which should be taken into consideration in the control aspect such as the speed, breaking time, throttle time and movement of the overall vehicle. In this context, it can be stated that intend of making the car move towards a particular direction would be defined but making it move towards the direction can be a job in hand. Control can be considered one of the most primary factors which can be taken into consideration which involve the security of the people surrounding the car as well the passenger in the car.
Technology which is taken into consideration is the Driverless car.
In any technology, there can be different types of weakness as well as a risk which are associated with the technology. The major weakness which can be involved into the technology majorly includes them without the need of the drivers the cars would be directly a mini leisure room which can restrict the daily life of the people and make them lethargic. The travelling could be conducted overnight, and sleep would be entertained during the period. Car accident and car crashes would be increased directly due to the factor of involvement of technology into the working of the car (Urry 2016). The technology which is involved in the concept can be considered to be the very much high end which resulted in minimum system failures. The traffic in the areas which are urban can be ignored due to the aspect of tailback at busy times. The sensory technology which is included in the working of the technology can be considered to perceive the environment in a better manner than the human being perspective. It can be stated here that one of the most important aspects which can be related to the technology is that there can be more speed limits which would be directly reflecting the sector of safe driving this can increase the travel time.
The main risks which can be related to the technology majorly included the price which would be involved in the driverless car would be out of range for most of the common people. It is likely to cost about $10000. The driverless being driven by technology most of the drivers of car and truck would be losing their jobs as autonomous vehicle take control. The hackers can get indulged into the working of the car would be directly affecting the sector of road safety and the safety of the traveller (Richtel and Dougherty 2015). One of the major risk factors which can be included in the concept is that if there is an accident then who would be directly responsible for the event. The risk factor which is involved in the concept would be the reading the road signs which are generated instantly by human-oriented activity and reading to signs of the road would be very much complex in this case. The data which is delivered to the car from the surrounding should be given utmost priority due to the factor that if there would be any alteration in the data, there can be different types of risk involved into the concept. There can be different ethical aspects which can be involved into the concept which are majorly faced for instance choice between plowing into a group of school children or killing a person in the bridge. The prioritization factor can be included in the working weather to take into consideration the safety of the passengers or the safety of the people on the road the fact can be stated as an ethical dilemma.
References
Alavi, H.S., Bahrami, F., Verma, H. and Lalanne, D., 2017, June. Is Driverless Car Another Weiserian Mistake?. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference Companion Publication on Designing Interactive Systems (pp. 249-253). ACM.
Broggi, A., Cerri, P., Debattisti, S., Laghi, M.C., Medici, P., Molinari, D., Panciroli, M. and Prioletti, A., 2015. PROUD—Public road urban driverless-car test. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 16(6), pp.3508-3519.
Goodall, N.J., 2016. Can you program ethics into a self-driving car?. IEEE Spectrum, 53(6), pp.28-58.
Greene, J.D., 2016. Our driverless dilemma. Science, 352(6293), pp.1514-1515.
Nguyen, K.D.T., Nguyen, L.D., Le, S.H., Van Le, T. and Nguyen, V.G., 2017, November. Vision-based driverless car in the condition of limited computing resource: Perspectives from a student competition. In Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems (IES), 2017 21st Asia Pacific Symposium on (pp. 67-72). IEEE.
Nguyen, K.D.T., Nguyen, L.D., Le, S.H., Van Le, T. and Nguyen, V.G., 2017, November. Vision-based driverless car in the condition of limited computing resource: Perspectives from a student competition. In Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems (IES), 2017 21st Asia Pacific Symposium on (pp. 67-72). IEEE.
Reichenbach, M., 2017. The driverless car. In Sustainable Investing (Vol. 146, No. 152, pp. 146-152). ROUTLEDGE in association with GSE Research.
Richtel, M. and Dougherty, C., 2015. Google’s driverless cars run into problem: Cars with drivers. New York Times.
Urry, J., 2016. What We Do Whilst Driving: Towards the Driverless Car. In Mobilities: New Perspectives on Transport and Society (pp. 245-266). Routledge.
Wadhwa, V. and Salkever, A., 2017. The Driver in the Driverless Car: How Our Technology Choices Will Create the Future. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Waldrop, M.M., 2015. No drivers required. Nature, 518(7537), p.20.
Zhou, K., Yu, L., Long, Z. and Mo, S., 2017. Local path planning of driverless car navigation based on jump point search method under urban environment. Future Internet, 9(3), p.51.
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