In our study we were able to understand what organization entails and the environment that surrounds it. Organization represents a deliberate arrangement of individuals with purpose of achieving the intended goals. All organizations have three characteristics they have deliberate purpose, structure and involve people. Management of organizations is based on universality of management where management is needed in different organizations, areas and different locations. Organizations can be of different forms for example institution, business or companies (Drucker, P. 2017, 23). The organization is also defined as an integrative system that involves several parts that work together to achieve intended objectives or goals.
Organization is described as an open system that interacts with the environment. The organization obtains inputs from the environment and distributes outputs to the environment. The organization is influenced by the forces and factors within and outside its operations. These factors and forces are categorized into two external and internal environments. External environment represents forces and factors outside the organizations in which they affect organization performance (Ebert, R. Griffin, R. Starke, F. Dracopoulos, G. 2014, 34). Examples of external environment include economic, demographic, technology, political/legal conditions. Internal environment include forces and factors within the organization which influences performance. Examples of internal environment include organization culture, employees and suppliers. There is need for managers to understand the various components of the environment in order to make necessary decisions.
In our study we were able to learn about competitive advantage. It involves competitive strategy planning that explains how organizations make distinctive over others in order to be competitive. Suitable strategies enable organizations to have different products and services which make it to compete in primary and main market (Wetherly, P. Otter, D. 2014, 39). Provisions of quality goods and services make the organization to have a competitive advantage over same players in the industry.
Every organization is able to exploit its resources and develop key competencies that make it have a competitive advantage. An organization can maintain its competitive advantage by having correct decisions despite forces inside and outside the organization. The use of strategic management is useful in creating long term and sustainable competitive advantage. For example managers can use five forces model by Michael Porter to determine industry attractiveness and profitability. The Michael model defines threats of new entrants, threats of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, and current rivalry (Wheelen, T. Hunger, J. 2017, 45). Organizations operations and responsibilities
Organizations have a role in management of operations. The expectations of the organization are to have a leading role in transforming process which converts resources into finished goods and services. The operation process involves transformation using processes, procedures, work activities used to produce finished goods and services. It is expected that managers carry out operation management to achieve the intended goals efficiently and effectively. The utility of managing operations is beneficial in enhancing productivity, increasing quality and promoting competitive success. Operation system needs to clearly define the kind of goods and services to be transformed (Cavusgil, S. Knight, G. Riesenberger, J. Rammal, H. Rose, E. 2014, 34).
From our studies we were able to make a difference between organizations operations from responsibilities. Although operations of organization contribute to responsibilities they are different concepts. Having discussed operations we can look at responsibility of organization. Responsibility is based on what the organization is supposed to achieve or provide. Responsibility of organizations can go beyond expectations to social responsibility (Doh, J. Luthans, F. Slocum, J. 2016, 123). The main responsibility of any organization is provide useful goods and products to its clients or customers and be accountable for its actions. From our studies we were able to identify three categories of organization responsibility to its environment. The three categories are social obligation (able to meet economic and legal requirements), social responsibility (doing things that are right to society), and social responsiveness (response to social need). All organizations are expected to balance the three categories of responsibilities (Foss, N. Knudsen, C. 2013, 34).
Customers are key stakeholders for any business. They represent individuals or institutions that consume final products and services originating from organizations. For any production to take place it is important that the final products reach where it was intended for. Understanding customers can be easily as well difficult if right or wrong methodologies are applied in production process (Besley, T. 2015, 96). Customer needs vary with consumer characteristics or behavior. Organizations are given the task of understanding the behavior of consumers through market research in order to be able to meet their respective needs. We also learnt that the nature of the product and services can define what the customer needs or will find comfort from consuming it. The more customers are satisfied it means that their needs are met by organizations.
The workers of business are also important stakeholders of a business (Besley, T. 2015, 97). Workers help organization to achieve the required objectives by integrating what has been planned with available resources. In our study we were able to generalize that for any business employee to be engaged to work they will depend on their skills, qualifications and experiences. The right workers for the business can be obtained through a screening process as part of a staffing function (Prajogo, D. 2016, 245). Other personnel ingredients like manpower planning, appraisals, remunerations are useful components in ensuring employee welfare is balanced with organizations objectives. Job designs and descriptions will guide workers to perform as per expectations. We also learnt that for employees to perform well in work environment they need to be motivated.
There are several issues that are related to business which provide emerging issues or factors that managers need to take consideration (Savrul, M. Incekara, A. Sener, S. 2014, 36). The issues include: globalization, work diversity, unhealthy competition, changes in technology, and changing demographics. The world has become a smaller place where countries are linked with business technology networks and infrastructures this is due to globalization. Technology has brought different business persons across the countries to share business ideas, buy and distribute goods and services easily. Social media is affecting how people work in organizations either positively or negatively (Hansen, M. Ibarra, H. Peyer, U. 2013, 88). Globalization has brought both negative and positive contributions to business. Technology too has also brought benefits to business by making business operations easy, communication possible and sharing of information possible.
The work diversity is also an issue affecting business today. Policies and easy country work permits have allowed nationalities and people of different cultures to work together in organizations (Kew, J. Stredwick, J. 2017, 45). Managers are given a huge task to manage diversity in work environment. Gender roles, age structures and employees training needs influence how work is to be done. Managers are given tasks to ensure different demographics are integrated in work environment to ensure certain policies and employees needs are met. Part of demographic influence is how work is done based on individualism rather than group efforts. Managers are tasked in trying to promote group effort in work environment than individualism that has affected many organizations. Managers are also being faced with the rising issues of unhealthy competition due to competition to have a huge client base and market share. In conclusion the issues are interlinked that they will require managers to employ a comprehensive strategic plan to be able to address them.
Reference lists
Besley, T., 2015. Law, regulation, and the business climate: The nature and influence of the World Bank Doing Business project. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), pp.99-120.
Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia.
Doh, J.P., Luthans, F. and Slocum, J., 2016. The world of global business 1965–2015: Perspectives on the 50th anniversary issue of the Journal of World Business: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of World Business, 51(1), pp.1-5.
Drucker, P.F., 2017. The Theory of the Business (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press.
Ebert, R.J., Griffin, R.W., Starke, F.A. and Dracopoulos, G., 2014. Business essentials. Pearson Education Canada.
Foss, N.J. and Knudsen, C. eds., 2013. Towards a competence theory of the firm (Vol. 2). Routledge.
Hansen, M.T., Ibarra, H. and Peyer, U., 2013. The best-performing CEOs in the world. Harvard Business Review, 91(1), pp.81-95.
Kew, J. and Stredwick, J., 2017. Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers.
Prajogo, D.I., 2016. The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 171, pp.241-249.
Savrul, M., Incekara, A. and Sener, S., 2014. The potential of e-commerce for SMEs in a globalizing business environment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, pp.35-45.
Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017. Strategic management and business policy. pearson.
Wetherly, P. and Otter, D. eds., 2014. The business environment: themes and issues in a globalizing world. Oxford University Press.
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