1. Shallow ecology movement – As told by ARNE NAESS a shallow ecology movement is about fighting against pollution and resource degradation. Its primary goal is to improve people’s good health and wealth in developed nations. This is a very common idea that makes the nation develop by cleaning the bad impacts of industrialization is done.
Deep ecology movement- This movement criticizes the human-in-environment view in favor of the relationship, complete field vision, which depicts species as knots in a spherical network or sphere of inherent relations (Naess, 2017). A fundamental relationship between two objects like A and B is one in which the relation is defined by the concepts of A and B’s essential rulings so that A and B aren’t really the same entities without the connection.
Differences of the two concepts:
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Shallow ecology movement |
Deep ecology movement |
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The philosophical view that ecosystem protection should only be implemented to the amount that it serves human interests is referred to as shallow ecology. It also offers a humanistic defence of the physical world, arguing that it is only worth saving if it serves humans. |
Although when they talk at a shallow or initial level, the cumulative model collapses not on the human creation, but on every tiny idea notion. The deep ecology movement is set on anticlass posture where the new era diversity of human and life infront of each other for exploitation and degradation on other groups. |
The Interaction of Tourist with the Environment – According to Iso-Ahola’s , thesis tourism and recreation are motivated by personal escape, self-regulated seeking, psychosocial escape, and psychosocial seeking.
2. Samara Game Reserve- It is a famous reserve situated in Eastern Cape, South Africa expanding in an area of 28,300 hectares that is a private game reserve. This is situated near the Graaff-Reinet in cape. It was developed by land acquiring by connecting a network of 11 livestock farms. In 1997 Samara was started or formed with a vision to develop the land for environmental benefit and to restore the whole area to its original natural state. This has seen a rise in the number of South African cheetahs that became the major attraction of Samara’s conservation.
Patagonia NP- The Parque Patagonia is a conservation project that was created by Conservacion Patagonica, which is a nonprofit of California and started in 2000, to save and protect Patagonia’s wildlands and ecosystems. This is designed to have the infrastructure of trails, a visitor center, and campgrounds. This park will be combined with other national parks to create a combined area of 260,000 hectares.
Both of them are working towards achieving ecosystem diversity by rehabilitating the land while reintroducing the land’s natural biodiversity (Barkova et al., 2017). They both are combining the farmland or open park by the stakeholder to make it a large ecosystem to breed and conserve endangered animals like lions and tigers are also conserved.
3. Tangible cultural asset – The term “tangible cultural asset” means that the physical artifacts are created, preserved, and passed down through generations in a community. It comprises creative creations, constructed heritage like monuments and buildings, and some other tangible and physical manifestations of human ingenuity that have cultural importance in culture.
Intangible Cultural Heritage- This means that assets that are not touchable like the ‘the practices, representations, human expressions, internal and external knowledge, all the skills, objects, untouchable artifacts and cultural gap that is associated with any communities, or groups (Zimmerman, 2020). For example cultural Heritage¸ oral traditions, arts, and traditional skills.
Samar Game Reserve assets:
Tangible: The land, the animals, the camps and visitor building, springbok, zebra, cheetah.
Intangible asset: The Karoo region’s tradition, wildlife, the tribes, and their culture.
4. The major stakeholder of the Samara Private Game Reserve is a conservation project that is in the Great Karoo. The project was started by Mark and Sarah Tompkins. They are the major stakeholder of the park, is the Tompkins family generation, they have saved the place and developed and done the conservation with an ethic to create the reserve’s boundaries while working with the local stakeholders of the land creating a lavish 3-million-acre landscape. These stakeholders protect the land do development to create a better place for the wildlife while crating revenue by operating the long-run sustainability journey for holistic balance while maintaining the conservation, Culture, and Commerce.
5. The environmental management strategies that are followed by the Samara Game Reserve are Natural environment and biodiversity and Climate change adaptation. These areas are taught in the class or explain how the environmental management methods to create a protected and enhanced natural environment that is displaying a cleaner, diverse, healthier, and sustainable place that can be used by its habitats (Lea, et al. 2016). The climate change adaption is achieved by maintaining the ecosystem, with plantation, conservation, animal rearing along with maintenance.
The samara game reserve works on the 4c principle to maintain the sustainability of the park, which are conservation, culture, commerce, and community. To contribute in all these 4 sections to create sustainable biodiversity while creating a place for the people to feel that it’s their region. The habitat is the local tribe of the pace that also comes into the conservation. The conservation of the culture, while protecting the community and operating the business that is not harming any of the natural ecosystems of the place.
6. A cultural landscape is a cultural property that represents a mutual work of nature and man together. The opportunities created by the natural environment and its successive, and social, cultural forces. A cultural landscape is defined by the century or reserved national park as a geographic region containing both complete cultural and natural assets and resources while maintaining wildlife or domesticated animals, that are linked with an important event, organization, or person, or that exhibits significant cultural or aesthetic characteristics (McFarland et al., 2019). Any landscape where there is a construction, or physical layout reflects endemic traditions, customs, beliefs, or values; in which the expression of preserved cultural values, exhibiting social behavior, and preserved by the correct actions human with time and care. The organization has the responsibility to maintain the cultural value of the pace by right land use, vegetation, and biological, as well as cultural features reflecting the customs.
7. The link between cultural heritage and tourism has a number of advantages and possibilities, but it may also pose a danger to the preservation and values of heritage if the care is not taken and organized. There is a psychodynamic relationship between tourism and new inventions for historic architectural heritage while tourism has helped to identify new purposes for heritage structures and possessing heritage assets is having allowed regions for expansion of tourism. Aside from being dedicated to cultural purposes in monuments like museums or community centers, historic buildings are counted as the ensembles of value utilized for tourism (Zimmerman, 2020). All the ancient monastery complexes or decommissioned industrial structures have been converted into locations for tourists. There are several options in this respect, which are determined in part by the features of monuments to be preserved and displayed. Aside from the beneficial benefits of tourism and the potential for healthy interaction between historic preservation and tourist development, there may be a negative consequence that makes tourism a threat in the absence of effective governance. Regarding them, high carrying capacity appears to be one of the most significant risk factors for sufficient management.
Samara Private Game Reserve has become a member of a global organization of environment-based tourism enterprises devoted to reaching high sustainability standards across the four Cs: protection, organization, creativity, and business. It works to restore damaged landscapes, manage water watersheds, and regenerate carbon storage, all while serving as a “natural laboratory” for scholars from across the world. The stakeholder, as well as a strong sense of social responsibility, drives the conservation effort. Samara has employed 60 people as of now and the majority of whom are indigenous and is active in skills acquisition, social inclusion, and the traditional practices knowledge. It thinks that ecotourism may have a beneficial and long-term influence whenever done responsibly. It is that the recovery and development of tourism are in progress or the new travel paradigm based on responsible, ethical activities that enhance their local hegemony.
8. The asset audit is a method of testing the durability, attractiveness, sustainable complaint, and environmental status of any reserve park. The two factors on which the graph is represented are robust and market appeal. The market appeal means how good is the pace to attract tourism, and robusticity is for the size, level of great service, view and environmental benefit and heritage is there to keep the crowd engaged. The one in the graph shows B2, which means that it is on the lower level of the graph that is lower on robusticity, which defines size. The size is not apt and so are the other factors that can create a demand for the service. The other factor calculated is the market appeal, which is again B2 at the lower level of the graph. The second quadrant specifies that it is not as good as other parks and reserves for attracting tourists and creating commerce. This also indicates that it is not a good place for marketing other services, there is a lack of service in this place. The lower quadrant of the map is always showing that there is a lack of major activities.
9. Samara Game Reserve, also known as a wealth of heritage and culture can start three realistic developments for the three stakeholders the tourist, animals, and the indigenous people. The tourist is divided into three sections, the men women, and the kid. The one development can be for the three groups of people, like activities created for all age groups. Kids will love adrenaline junkies like the fix of bungee jumping along with the canopy tours. The adult can be given the renovated nightlife that consists of traditional food, dance, and other fascinating activities.
The other activity that can be started for the adult men and women is the golf courses in that area and a boat ride in the water lakes nearby. The most attractive of them all will be the arrangement of a movie hall for 25 people that can see the wildlife films of the reserve and enjoy excellent dining, with wine, art galleries, and opportunities for shopping in the nearby market.
For the indigenous people, these activities will be a great way of employment opportunity. Along with that a training center and a school for the kids can be started in the area for the employee and the local habitats and indigenous people. This will be great for the CSR marketing strategy of the company.
For the animals, they are already planning to bring more variety of animals in the conservation and start a new breeding season for wildlife that endanger animals.
10. Cultural heritage conservation becomes an extremely significant part of life. People learn about predecessors, their techniques of creation, and the way of life as a result of such a heritage. The fast advancement of 3D technology and digital media technology will enable a more accurate representation of this aspect of life. Because of the employment of innovative 3D technology, the rich cultural legacy, both tangible and intangible, may be maintained for a better future. Buildings and monuments are not the only things considered (Beyne, 2016). Intangible cultural heritage, such as performing, crafts, or narrative, is an important component of our culture that is transmitted down through generations. This form of civilization is often lost as a result of the quick growth of civilization and the movement of people. The digital media technology will be helping the place to get an online recognition that is important for attracting tourist.
References
Naess, A. (2017). The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement. A Summary. In The Ethics of the Environment (pp. 115-120). Routledge.
Zimmerman, M. E. (2020). Contesting earth’s future. University of California Press.
Clifton, W. G. Rewilding and its Relevance for Animal Protection in Africa.
Lea, J. M., Kerley, G. I., Hrabar, H., Barry, T. J., & Shultz, S. (2016). Recognition and management of ecological refugees: A case study of the Cape mountain zebra. Biological conservation, 203, 207-215.
McFarland, R., Henzi, P., & Barrett, L. (2019). The social and thermal competence of wild vervet monkeys.
Beyne, E. (2016). The 3-D interconnect technology landscape. IEEE Design & Test, 33(3), 8-20.
Barkova, E., Buzskaya, O., Ivleva, M., & Buzskij, M. (2017, June). Ecology of culture in the space of social and humanitarian knowledge. In 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017) (pp. 12-15). Atlantis Press.
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