Understanding Specific Health Needs And Disability

Health

Question:

Describe about the Understanding Special Needs in Health and Social Care?

It is important for the health professionals to be fully equipped with a strong understanding of the needs of the individuals that come into their care (Waldman and Perlman, 2003). People are growing older, and technology is becoming a key driver in modern care and so are the needs of service users. Here they focus on the specific needs, social and culture of service users. It provides insight in how health, poverty and social exclusion are interrelated. Here the socio economic health determinate, social capital and inequalities in health were central issues and the contribution from the public health and health promotion sectors (Hartman et al., 2000).

Health- Heath means a complete mental, social and physical well being and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity. Health can be considered as two main concepts that is positive and negative concept. It is considered as positive concept because it is a feeling of general wellbeing on an individual level and on a social level, and it is considered as social concepts because an individual is regarded as being healthy when not suffering from a particular illness or disease (Investing In Children’s Health And Health Care, 2004).

Disability-The term disability in modern society has become a social norm. Most people find it difficult to common criteria to described disability, because the reality is individuals are so unique in many different ways. It help the physical impairment that restricts an individual to lead a normal life to get the appropriate education, vocation and recreation (Baumberg, 2013).

Primary standard definition of disability is the disabled person with a persistent (physical or mental) health condition or illness. This impairs their functioning capacity and it reduces their ability to carry-out day-to-day activities (Lifshitz and Merrick, 2001). Secondary standard definition of disability is the disabled person with a persistent (physical or mental) health condition or illness. As a result their participation in key area of life is restricted relative to people without impairments (Ohgaki and Kleihues, 2012).

Examples of disability and health conditions e.g., Vision, Hearing, Breathing Problems (related to heart or respiratory disease), Learning disability, etc

Illness people become highly dependent on others. It refers to the certain disabilities which make the person physically impaired for some time or for the prolonged time.

Behavior indicates the significant change in behavior of the people which lead to the depression in people or some mental illness. Due to this sometime they become more aggressive and look unkempt.

It indicated that the illness process is used to negotiate a range of culture, social and personal tensions in the home or in the community at large. It must be mentioned that the health and social care the issues of disability and behavior which are very challenging (Sirri, Fava and Sonino, 2013).

The two disability model, are social and medical model, and these are the basic difference if medical and social models:

• In Medical model disability is a deficiency or abnormality were as in social model disability is difference.
• In medical model being disabled is negative were as in social model being disabled, in itself, is natural.
• In medical model disability resides in the individual were as in social model disability derives from interaction between the individual and society.

Mention verbrugge and jatte framework and explain:

Disability

Figure: Social model of disability

(Connors and Stalker, 2007)

The perceptions of specific needs have changed over time from welfare to medical model to social model. Disability was formerly based on charity, then to welfare, to right based laws, and finally the new disability business case. Individual with disability feels that the social environment creates the disadvantages that the people with disabilities face (Groups with specific needs, 2006). The perception towards disabilities ranges across many culture despite the fact that a more positives approach is being towards accepting this phenomena. People with learning disability forms a heterogeneous group in relation to the age, disability degree and the associated problem. In past there are the hospitals established with the aim of giving proper care to the people with the specific needs due to prolonged physical and mental illness, but with the times hospitals become overcrowded and the quality  are declined. The professional staffs then shifted to the specialist work communities that worked with the people with specific needs due to the learning disabilities. Here they describe the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:

Figure: Maslow Hierarchy of needs

(Lester, 2013)

There are number of government legislation that seeks to promote the right of people with disabilities in the UK. Some of this, act are Equality Act 2006 (Humphreys, 2010), Disability Discrimination Act (Briefing: The Disability Discrimination Act requires employers to make…, 2000), Special Educational needs and Disability Act 2001 (Davies, 2003). These, acts are become illegal to discriminates, against anybody based on their disabled. Educational institutions urged to make reasonable adjustments to every disabled child and they have a substantial advantage in accessing educational services.

Disability Discrimination act also makes it illegal to exclude a child either temporarily or permanently from school. They say that there are many procedures to follow when dealing with disability issues in educational institution.

Culture, has its own impacts on the way services are provided for people with specific needs. It influences a person’s preference when it comes to how they are cared for. Every culture has one form of health beliefs.

Society, has its own impact either it can encourage or discourage the show of equal respect and value for people with special needs.

Individual with specific needs needed to be provided with the care on the basis of this principle and depending on the nature of their needs (Improving Risk Analysis: Policies, Practices and Individual Needs, 2008). In this they have to provide with treatment and also specialized services. Their physiological needs should be taken care of, and this can be done through the provision of medical management, health care intervention, or use of specialized services or program. Certain individual with the specific needs such as patients with dementia need to be provided with both medical and emotional care this will help them to feel comfortable about the condition.

People with learning disability usually have limited access to health care needs because they don’t understand their sicknesses and also cannot express themselves. There is one way to help them by using picture and charts for better communication. When we become knowledgeable about their behavior then we can help them while discovering some discomfort n them. Whenever there is a change in behavior will indicate that they are ill. Therefore, a career needs to be observant and understand when there is a mood change in a client with learning disability.

Social and Medical Models of Disability

There are so many organizations at governmental and non-governmental levels that supports individual with specific needs and they all follow the government policies and regulation. There is some of the organization which is mention below:

Legislation: Strengthening the rights of children and young people with disabilities and special educational needs to be educated in mainstream schools which are the special educational needs and disability act law (PUBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATION, 2009).

Non-profit organization: Here the special needs program was founded by parents of disabled children. The organization has to register with the internal revenue service as a ‘human services agency’ and has a tax exempt status (Prugsamatz, 2010).

Voluntary: There are the voluntary organizations which support the individual with specific needs. Like for example, Disability Alliances is a national registered charity which works to relieve the poverty and improve the living standard of disabled people. Their aim is to break the line between poverty and disability (Taylor, 2005).

In each locality there are services which are available for individual with specific needs to enjoy. These specific and individual needs will help them more presentable in public and make them feel among. For example in the borough of Bromley there are some specific needs of individual includes adults who have physical disabilities, sensory impairments, mental health needs and learning disabilities. The excess of mortality experienced by people with learning disabilities is related to associated conditions, likes severe mobility impairments, seizures, vision impairments, etc. On the health front, there are some local medical centers which is designated to support patients with specific needs (Bromley, 2010).

Another example can be cited in the case of Essex country council and the types of measures that have implemented in tackling the needs of people with specific needs (Cavill, 2014). These services are divided among three authorities as the Essex fire authority, the health and social care services for both adults and children in services of special needs.

• Safeguarding
• Health
• Children’s services.

The list of the approaches which is available to support any of the individual with their specific needs of the health care system includes:

• Self – help: It is a self improvement process of economic basis, intellectual basis or emotional basis and often also psychological basis. There are many of the programs e self-help which has their own procedures, benefits and focus. It also tells about the self approach which improvises the condition of the health care. Self-help is also known as self-improvement.
• Advocacy – Advocacy includes the acts of pleading, supporting or recommending. It includes all about the range of the methods and techniques which are used to improve the norms, practices, human behavior which acts as obstacles or barriers in the way of development and the differences of the discrimination towards the disabled (Sims, 2008).
• Evidence-based practice – This approach is more popular among the national and international approach which is taken for the health care system. In evidence based approach there are three levels: intersectional assessment, national policy of health-care and evidence based medicine on the daily basis. In this it also includes the process which demonstrates the efficiency of the people (Evidence-Based Practice, 2000).
• Autonomy and empowerment – In autonomy and empowerment it considers all the opportunities on the basis of which the assessment of the disabled people can be done. It also includes the responsibility for the society, environment which affects on the health issues.
• To improve the health issues they also introduced the some required medication program and the therapies which will helps to improve the health care issues.

Under intervention issues it includes some types of interventions. The list of those interventions is discussed below (Future Issues of Interventions, 2000):

• Physical interventions – Under physical intervention it comes the most suitable medications and the therapies. In it there is the possibility of the external things which helps in restoring all the needed functions so that they can maintain the physical needs which helps to regain the normal life.
• Psychological interventions – Due to the challenging human behavior, the psychological interventions plays the vital role. It also helps him to raise the morale of the life and to introduce the positive thinking of the life. It also helps to cure the depression, mental pressure, anxiety and the tendency to attempt suicide.
• Educational interventions – under educational interventions it comes all the important information which are the basic requirements of the health care issues. This information should be provided among all the health care workers and the peoples. These types of information are needed in the better improvement of the health care issues.
• Vocational interventions – In this intervention it gives the some of the training on vocation which helps them to earn money so that they can become self sufficient in their own life.

The main things about this are to regain all the physical, psychological and the social needs to some extent so that anyone can be self sufficient to carry out their own life. It will help them to regain their normal life.

The intervention strategies are vital for all the people. It helps them in such a way that it improves the current situations of the people (Voyzey, 2009). The physical intervention helps them acquire the physical strength which includes all the therapies, exercises which improves the joint treatments of the people. It also has the provision which helps them to improve the external needs. It also needed to restrain the functions which are lost and also helps them to restrain the physical needs so that it is easy to become normal in the life.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

To get success in the physical intervention, psychological intervention also plays an important role so that it can improve the morale and also helps to build positive intention to get normal in the life. Through this it helps to improve the depression of the life, tendency to do suicide, anxiety issues and the change of the personality. The educational intervention helps them to get the sufficient ideas about the health issues so that it can improve and the vocational intervention helps them to get self sufficient so that it helps to get the independence to improve their daily life. It also helps them to acquire the appropriate knowledge about the current situation and also how to improve their situation to get the better life. They also can issues the self help techniques to make their life independent and also bring it to normal.

Under the emerging development, it comes the medical and technical intervenes, changes of the policies and norms and both the national and international points. Under the impacts of the potential emerging developments it includes (Willetts, 2014):

• To denote all the preferences and the choices.
• Policies and the norms
• Differences of the risk, autonomy and independences
• Right to have the self protection and also provide the protection for others
• Remedy versus the needs of alleviation

 The challenging behavior includes the temper problems, uncooperative nature, showing the anger on others etc (Challenging Behaviour, Mental Health, and Offending, 2012). These types of problem generally occur due to the mental illness, much consumption of drugs, alcohols, brain disabilities, etc.

The challenging behavior which consider as abusive includes:

• Physical abusive nature like assaulting.
• Behavior of self destruction
• Behavior of destruction of the environment.
• Behavior of destruction towards the property.
• Illegal attitude.
• Behavior of destruction of others.

The factors which influence to occur the challenging behavior are listed below (Lindgaard and Narasimhan, 2008):

• Physical misbalance
• Mental misbalance
• Sexual problem
• Learning problem
• Disturbance in the sleep
• Perception problem
• Emotionally weakness e.g. fear, frustration, anxiety etc.
• Social problem like relation problem, anxiety problem, etc

The potential impacts for which the people are suffering from the challenging behavior problem are given below (Interprofessional Practice in Health and Social Care: Challenging the Shared Learning Agenda, 2002):

• They are kept isolated which actually means they are not given to kept the contact with their family, friends, neighbors etc
• They are suffering from the memory problem.
• They are suffering from the difficulty to communicate with the others
• They are much more addicted to the drugs and alcohols.
• More emotional and the financial supports are needed.

The most risk factors for the challenging behavior are as follows:

• Depression of the careers.
• Isolation from the social culture.
• Patients of domestic violence.
• Physical and verbal aggression problem
• Inability to adjust and cope up with the stress.

The codes act as key steps in the introduction of the regulation systems of the social care (Hastings and Brown, 2002). They also to ensure and give the trust to the people that the employer who acts as social care providers also have to understand all the responsibilities and the functions they are performing. They also should get the appropriate understanding how to handle the social groups who are needed with the social care providers. The social care council comes with some of the codes which are needed for the social workers (McLaughlin, 2008). The partnership legislations come with some of the outcomes which have some of the positive nature in the form to give the people some of the extra care of the specific needs of the problem. These legislations also have some of the goods which helped in some of the factors:

• To builds some of the principles and the values.
• Being agreed with some of the specific things belongs in the policies.
• To determine the boundaries on which they have to agree.
• To ensure the leadership affectivity.
• To give some extra attention towards the attitude and on the mutual consent.
• To provide the capacity toward the sufficient development.

Conclusion:

By concluding this it describes how to analyze the whole concept of the health issues, disability problem, illness and the behavior problem to the users of the health and social care services. It also describes about the perceptions of the needs of the people which might changed according to the time. It also assesses the impact which occurs due to the society policy, culture and the services which are made to get available for all the individuals with all the needs specifically. It helps to analyze the care needs of the individuals all of the specific needs, give description about the current systems for the individuals support with all the specific needs, evaluation of the services which are available with the locations of the individuals, give the explanation of the approaches which are available to give the support to individual needs, discuss the impacts which are potentially emerging with all of the development of the individuals with their specific needs and also have some of the many points which are described on the above study.

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