Discuss About The Definition And Dimensions Project Quality?
A literature review focusses & discusses on a particular subject. It is an exploration & evaluation of a literature on a specific concept. This literature review gives an in-depth acquaintance of major project/program management areas i.e. quality management, risk management and procurement management. The aim of this literature review is to provide fundamental knowledge of the QRP concept. It defines each concept of QRP & explains how it is interrelated to each other. It further describes the significance of quality, risk & procurement management in an organization and its objectives. This literature review explains roles & responsibilities of a QRP manager, its strategies, planning, processes etc. Many of the project management concepts of QRP system used in this literature review are interrelated to the previous reviews. This literature review gives advance information about QRP functions and its implementation in a project or organization, using the concepts discussed in earlier reviews like goals, business case, strategic management, time, cost, team definition & its role & responsibilities etc.
QRP system revolves around three facilitating areas of project management. The quality management system is an approach to improve processes, plan, document and deliver a quality product or service in a project lifecycle. It will have project goals, allocation of responsibilities, governance measures, etc. to ensure quality (Knowles, 2011) . Risk management involves planning, analysis, evaluation, tools & techniques to manage risks, monitor & mitigation of the risks to reduce its impact (Rouse, 2016). Procurement management encompasses planning, purchase, transportation and warehousing of the goods & services using standard methodologies.
QRP system is designed to facilitate project strategies, objectives & deliver the product or services. Quality, risk & procurement functions are integrated into each phase in a project management framework. QRP functions in setting goals, defining strategies, planning, documentation, execution and monitoring to the smooth delivery of the program. Quality, risk & procurement are strongly interconnected & need to be planned effectively to meet its objectives. Adapting to new plans & processes as per the customer need leads to the customer value (Highsmith, 2009). Effective coordination & communication is a foundation for the planning & forecasting. In an earlier phase, a high-level implementation plan is developed followed by quality & risk planning in later stages. These plans are evaluated keeping project objectives into consideration and then the whole planning cycle is repeated to exterminate impacts. A delivery manager should ensure the constant delivery of the project or product by removing impediments if any (Stanley, 2012). They shall negotiate with the stakeholders, address procurement issues, facilitate high level planning, remove blockers, etc. Manager should put effort for enhanced service delivery in the agreed budget & resources.
Quality in project management refers to the level of a service or a product which meets requirement & expectation of the customer. It involves QM master plan, quality control & quality assurance, conflict determination & its removal, etc. Different authors explain quality in their own way but signifies a common objective. As per Paul J. Fields, quality management are set of processes that regulate quality objectives, policies and responsibilities that satisfy the need of the project (Fields, 2016). Another author Ron Basu suggests a three-dimensional model of project quality as design quality, process quality & Organizational quality (Basu, 2004). The efficiency of a project is often measured as the amount of resources, time & money used to give desired output or efficient product. It can be seen as how the allocated resources have been used efficiently to deliver the product or service. Productivity on the other hand can be measured as the rate of effectiveness with an organization uses its resource to be productive in planning, quality, monitoring, execution & delivery. Responsiveness to the market means that how well an organization is proactive & reactive to the changing market & trends. It can be denoted as the capability of an organization to respond effectively, timely & efficiently to the market threats, opportunities, business environment changes in order to meet customer satisfaction. Organizational resilience is another management concept which is termed as the capability of an organization to forestall & respond efficiently to the changes or abrupt distractions in order to survive & grow. Resilience of an organization can be well related to QRP functions and measured on effective quality & risk planning, mitigation of risks if any, leadership, resource allocation etc.
QRP system acts as an architect between the business case and the project objectives. It provides the means to achieve business case or project objectives in an integrated and optimized manner. Without a proper quality, risk & procurement process it is next to impossible to meet corporate objectives. The plans, policies and strategies of an organization are shaped keeping quality management, risk management & procurement management in consideration. QRP main objectives are customer satisfaction, high quality product or services & smooth delivery in allocated resources. Sub goals of QRP functions are effective planning, minimize the potential deviations from the set goals, minimizing & mitigating risks, efficient procurement management system.
QRP manager should be competent enough to handle all professional, cultural, managerial and technical aspects of a project. One of the significant responsibility of a QRP manager is to supervise the quality and to coordinate with the team & other stakeholders to ensure the deliverables. Poor coordination can lead to delays, errors or even failure of the product. Employee performance evaluation, program evaluation, performance reviews are key areas in supervision (Carter, 2016). Successful coordination can be achieved by planning, organizing, directing, controlling etc. Recruitment, coaching, staffing, skill enablement and staff training are also one of the vital responsibilities of a manager which falls under human resource management category. The manager needs to identify the staff with required skills, get them trained in the methodologies, products & processes, engage them & track their productivity (Heathfield, 2016). Asset management as a responsibility for a QRP manager comes under the category of the procurement process. It is a practice of maintaining and optimizing the utilization of assets & services. It also includes development of asset management information systems, continuous improvement of asset management strategies, evaluation of asset ownership, asset relocation and asset disposal policies. The financial management deals with the procurement, allocation and control of financial resources to be allocated to the project. QRP makes an effort to minimize the potential deviations from set goals of project objectives of financial, performance and environment. To meet the budgetary crisis, there is a need of improved budgeting process and advanced financial management practices (Shukla, 2017). Schedule slippage is one of the major risks, which a QRP manager need to quantify while doing risk analysis. Schedule plan is an integrated part of the project management plan which helps in evaluating the project performance. QRP manager should contribute in the listing & evaluating milestones & deliverable with start & end dates as per the schedule. Best practices to form & execute policies & procedure is to identify the key policies which need to be clear, intensive & consistent. Manager needs to find a reliable source of the information & consultation. An organized policy structure shall be created. As stated above, QRP manager should ensure smooth coordination between the different stakeholders & the teams which is possible only by effective & timely communication. All the relevant information shall be shared with a QRP manager, who shall further communicate it with the designated teams & members. QRP managers should ensure that the supplier meets the demand and the need of the customer within the range of the agreed funds with utmost quality. Quality management is an indispensable part of the product design and construction process. Under quality management, the manager needs to oversee the master plan, quality assurance, conflict resolution & knowledge management to meet the functional requirements. Risks are generally deviation from the designated target. The manager needs to be proactive & implement contingency planning technique to control major, moderate & minor risks. Active planning & coordination is required to deal with endogenous or internal risks, whereas exogenous risks need much consideration & mitigation planning as they are beyond control (Sule, 2016). In Procurement management, manager’s responsibility is to plan the procurement process, identify the goods & services, conduct the procurement, administer, supplier coordination, control procurement and closure (Rowley, 2013). Contractual model in procurement management is the best exercise to reduce risks & the cost as it is not possible for any organization to manufacture all its products, assets or services. Fixed price contract, time & material and cost reimbursable contract are the three major categories of procurement contracts. An effective contractual model gives priority to cost optimization & improved risk management (Smith, 2016). All the three aspects of QRP equally contribute to organization success & influence its working methodologies. The plans, policies and the strategies of an organization are shaped keeping quality management, risk management & procurement management in consideration.
Corporate objectives outline the functionality of an organization. All the strategic planning, business planning, budgeting, resource planning etc. are defined and executed keeping corporate objectives of an organization on precedence. It provides the strategic focus, performance measurement & relate the business requirement. Strategy for a QRP model is generally to work on the key areas of corporate objectives like market share, product range, productivity, innovation, cost-effectiveness, customer satisfaction, physical & financial resources. Financial strategy for growth & efficiency, customer strategy to satisfy & retain the existing customer and to acquire new customers, operational strategy to ensure quality & minimize risks are some of the strategies which are part of a QRP model (Olsen, 2017). Appropriate design aids in understanding the scope of a project, reducing risks, improving quality, re-designing sub processes and developing new technologies. The quality of a service depends upon effective communication of a supplier & purchaser. Planning and controlling are two discrete functions of QRP and yet they are interlinked & coexist. Controlling or monitoring actually compares the actual performance with a planned performance to evaluate any deviations & act subsequently (Samiksha, 2016). Planning is a dynamic phase of a project lifecycle. In return to ensure the success of planned objectives, controlling or monitoring plays a significant role. The project objectives & requirement may change over a period of time & it is important to redefine the plan & process in quality, risk & procurement aligned with changing project objectives to maintain project value.
Conclusion
To summarize quality, risk & procurement management is an indispensable part of a project management process. This literature review provides a broader picture of QRP functions & its importance in any organization. It helps in understanding the implementation of quality, risk & procurement management in different phases of a project lifecycle. This literature review completely has an edge over the earlier reviews as it provides further detail description of the key concepts of project management fundamentals. In previous literature reviews, focus was given to basic program management definitions, goals, strategic management, business case, project governance, teams definition, their roles & responsibilities, scope planning, time planning and cost estimation. QRP management is a constant process to improve project deliverables & meet customer needs. There are set of roles & responsibilities under QRP function like identifying risk, preparing mitigation plans, providing utmost quality, procurement management, asset management, supervision, monitoring, effective communication, schedule management etc. which lead to the successful functioning of a project. This literature review has given in-depth information about QRP functions which helps an aspiring management student to understand & learn project management concepts. Explanation in this literature review gives a virtual experience of handling projects.
References
Basu, R. (2004). The Definition and Dimensions of Project Quality. In Managing Quality in Projects. Retrieved from https://www.gpmfirst.com/books/managing-quality-projects/definition-and-dimensions-project-quality
Carter, M. (2016). Management Function of Coordinating / Controlling: Overview of Basic Methods. Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/managementcontrol/index.htm
Fields, P. (2016). Project Quality Management. Retrieved from https://projectmanager.org/images/downloads/PDC_2015_Presentations/project_quality_management_x.pdf
Heathfield, S. (2016). What Is Human Resource Management. Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-human-resource-management-1918143
Highsmith, J. (2009). Adaptation in project management through agile. Safari Books Online. Retrieved from https://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/feature/Adaptation-in-project-management-through-agile
Knowles,https://www.znrfak.ni.ac.rs/SERBIAN/010-STUDIJE/OAS-3-2/PREDMETI/III%20GODINA/316-KOMUNALNI%20SISTEMI%20I%20ZIVOTNA%20SREDINA/SEMINARSKI%20RADOVI/2014/S175%20-%20S200.pdf. Retrieved from https://www.znrfak.ni.ac.rs/SERBIAN/010-STUDIJE/OAS-3-2/PREDMETI/III%20GODINA/316-KOMUNALNI%20SISTEMI%20I%20ZIVOTNA%20SREDINA/SEMINARSKI%20RADOVI/2014/S175%20-%20S200.pdf
Olsen, E. (2017). Examples of Strategic Objectives. Retrieved from https://onstrategyhq.com/resources/examples-of-strategic-objectives/
Rouse, M. (2016, August). risk management. Retrieved from https://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/risk-management
Rowley, J. (2013). Project Procurement Management Knowledge Area. Retrieved from https://4squareviews.com/2013/08/13/5th-edition-pmbok-guide-chapter-12-project-procurement-management-knowledge-area/
Samiksha, S. (2016). 3 Major Relationships between Planning and Controlling Functions of Management. Retrieved from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/management/3-major-relationships-between-planning-and-controlling-functions-of-management/8734/
Shukla, G. (2017). Budgeting and Financial Management in the Public Sector. Retrieved from https://dcid.sanford.duke.edu/academics/exed/budget
Smith, P. (2016, August 30). Implementing Cost Reduction Programmes – Contract and Supplier Management. Retrieved from https://spendmatters.com/uk/implementing-cost-reduction-programmes-contract-supplier-management/
Stanley, M. (2012, December 12). Government Digital Service. Retrieved from https://gds.blog.gov.uk/2012/12/12/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-delivery-manager/
Sule, E. (2016, May ). Impact Of Exogenous And Endogenous Risks On Systemic Risk In Indonesian Banking. 5(5). Retrieved from https://www.ijstr.org/final-print/may2016/Impact-Of-Exogenous-And-Endogenous-Risks-On-Systemic-Risk-In-Indonesian-Banking.pdf
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Contact Essay is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Essay Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, in case there is anything you find not to be clear, you may always call us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download