In many parts of the world including England, water has not been safe not only for human but also animal consumption. Although there exist some basic and normal qualitative and quantitative observations signs that can easily determine if water is safe for human consumption and use, it’s a good idea that water for human use is tested and also undergoes some test results analysis. This is so because water contains so many invisible micro organisms and substances that require professional testing and analysis in order to help identify the contaminants and this also helps come up with solutions on how the already tested and analyzed contaminated water can be purified.
Water quality analysis can be done by professional only by use of the water samples in the field. Water is in continuous movement on, above, and underneath the surface of the earth. As water is reused through the earth, it grabs numerous things along its way. (Fao.org. (2017) Water quality will fluctuate from place to place, with the seasons, and with the different sorts of rocks and soil, it travels through.
Generally, it is to a great extent regular procedure that influences water quality. For example, water passing through underground rocks and soils may get normal contaminants, even with no human action or contamination in the region. Notwithstanding nature’s impact, water is likewise contaminated by human exercises, for example, open poo, dumping rubbish, poor horticultural practices, and compound spills at modern locales.
For any organization, either large scale or small scale institution, it is good that a specialist carries out a water analysis either by the use of portable analysis kits or the use of a laboratory. Considering our case in England, where we are having an effluent water stream from a small business, in which we are expecting some sort of pollution, it would be best to use bacteriological tests and analysis method. This is a method that can be used to detect two kinds of pollution, the pollution as a result of human contamination or human wastes or pollution as a result of waste products from a manufacturing enterprise. It’s a method of analysis that is used to detect any lethal and fatal organisms that are impractical for routine water surveillance.
This method generally entails taking samples of the water that seems to be contaminated and undertaking a test analysis to check for the presence of any possible microbial pathogen that might occur with contamination. This method more specifically entails detection of germs that are present in the human excreted waste and other warm blooded creatures.
It’s a matter of fact that presence of these organisms in water indicates the presence of fecal components and this is a clear indicator for the intestinal associated pathogens. The intestinal tract of man contains countless rod-shaped bacteria are known as coli form organisms and each person discharges from 100 to 400 billion coli form organisms per day in addition to other kinds of bacteria. This analysis method also provides results for any presence of bacteria as a result of pollution and again other micro organisms and pathogens like algae and fungi. This would be the best method since it will cater for both sources of the pollution and also is a timesaving method for a small scale organization like this. The best organization to report these cases of would be the environmental agencies in the UK. Very minimal amounts of pollution in the water should be allowed since germs are everywhere in the human surrounding.
This is the other water analysis method that I would prefer to help test and analysis presence of the water hardness and the level of water hardness in the water from this small scale business. Water hardness is defined as the present of some metallic minerals salts. In most cases, these are normally the calcium and magnesium dissolved salts. This is the best method for a small scale analysis of water from a small manufacturing enterprise like this. Hard water is not harmful only that it causes some challenges when being used by human beings. It causes ineffectiveness when used.
Complex metric titration is a standout amongst other methods for measuring absolute water hardness. At pH around 10 EDTA effortlessly responds with both calcium and magnesium in a similar molar proportion (1:1). Security steady of calcium complex is a tiny bit higher, so calcium responds in the first place, magnesium later. Therefore, for the end point, we should utilize a similar pointer we utilize while titrating magnesium – that is Eriochrome Dark T. On account of water that doesn’t contain magnesium by any stretch of the imagination, to have the capacity to identify end point we should include a little measure of magnesium complex MgEDTA2+. Magnesium will be uprooted by the indistinguishable measure of calcium, and it will be titrated later, not changing the last outcome.
An algal bloom or marine sprout or water sprout is a quick increment in the number of inhabitants in green growth in an oceanic framework. Algal blossoms may happen in freshwater and additionally marine conditions. Normally just a single or a couple of phytoplankton animal varieties are included and a few blossoms might be perceived by staining of the water coming about because of the high thickness of pigmented cells.
The advancement and expansion of algal sprouts likely outcome from a blend of natural components including accessible nutrient supplements, temperature, daylight, biological community aggravation (stable/blending conditions, turbidity), hydrology (waterway stream and water stockpiling levels) and the water science (pH, conductivity, saltiness, carbon accessibility. (Indianapolis, I., Indianapolis, I. and University, I. (2017)
Taking the current analysis situation, it’s right to conclude that the presence of the algae may have been caused by either presence of the nutrient supplements and stable conditions may be the other cause. (Cencoos.org. (2017)
Supplements advance and bolster the development of green growth and Cyan bacteria. The eutrophication (supplement enhancement) of conduits is considered as the main consideration. The fundamental nutrients adding to eutrophication are phosphorus and nitrogen. In the scene, overflow and soil disintegration from treated agrarian ranges and gardens, disintegration from stream banks, waterway beds, arrive clearing (deforestation), and sewage gushing is the real wellsprings of phosphorus and nitrogen entering water ways. (Reitan, K.I., et.al 1997)These are considered as outside sources.
Interior sources of these nutrients originate from the lake/repository dregs. Phosphate connects to sediments. At the point when broken up oxygen fixation is low in the water (anoxic), sediments discharge phosphate into the water segment. This marvel empowers the development of algae.
Water from most of the manufacturing institutions has been confirmed to be hard water. As explained earlier, hard water is not friendly for human use even consumption. It poses challenges due to the presence of some of the mineral salts that include deposits of both or either calcium and magnesium carbonates. Thereby withdraw of these deposits specimen is what can be termed a water softening process. As a specialist in water quality analysis and management, I am going to undergo a process in which will end up eradicating these specimens to get along with soft water for the company. The best device and method for the softening process would be the use of the water softener. (Inspectapedia.com. (2017)
Most of the water softeners work by ion trade. In this procedure, the hard water is gone through a chamber loaded with resin dabs that have been soaked with sodium. These resin globules have a negative charge, with decidedly charged sodium ion charges appended and have a more affinity for calcium and magnesium. Particle trade water conditioners work by taking the minerals that bring hardness out of the water. (Apblett, A.W) The softener device contains a huge number of small resin particles which evacuate calcium and magnesium as the water goes through. The resin draws in and traps these minerals with the goal that lone relaxed water enters your pipes framework. Occasionally, a timer naturally flushes the resin clean with salt water to recover it.
A local ion exchange water softener is the main procedure particularly intended to totally expel all hardness from the mains water supply. Water mellowed along these lines will likewise step by step expel existing scale from pipe work, lavatory fittings, and warming components.
(Aquatechnology.net, 2017)
British petroleum oil disaster in the Mexican Gulf
This is the most and wide known worst oil spill that has ever happened in the world. It occurred back in the month of April 2010 after an explosion that led to the deaths of eleven people and affected adversely the environments of the scene where the spillage occurred. This came as a result of leaking oil and gas pipes that had not been noticed for about 87 days and ended up leaking to a distance estimated to be 3.19 million barrels. After leaking from the well, the spillage spread all over the ocean which ended up forming sorts of oil slicks that were being spread faster by the presence of wind. The accident was followed by series of events that researchers are even trying to find out their explanation like for instance, researchers are still looking for ways to explain where the oil spills went after spreading into the ocean water. They, however, managed to use gallons of different chemical dispersants that helped reduce further or lesser amounts of oil spillage that reached the water surface from the spilling well.
The BPs management used several attempts to stop the leakage. These attempts were based on some of the principles. The main principle was to cut off the increasing rate of leakages and oil spillages by squeezing the pipes hard. The other principle was based on the idea of using the new media as a way rectifying the tarnished name for the BP Company that its mockery by journalist and media had gone viral. The company went ahead to even setting aside a portal on the main website where they explained everything with the help of updated images and video on their progress. The company engineers used the following methods:
With this method, the company opted to cut off the leakage by the activation of the blowout preventer. This mechanism was aimed at blocking out quickly the oil flow that settled on the top of the well. This worked by the BOP crushing after a strong squeeze of the installed pipes if they happen to be a sudden pressure created. Unfortunately, this attempt did not work due to the formation gas hydrates in the BOP that contributed to its malfunctioning.
This is another method that was resulted from the principle of distancing the main spill site with the other sites so that the oil can be burned. Under this attempt, the company employed this technicality in which they used fire booms machines that were u- shaped and thereby were tied at the back of two boats to help collect and pull the spilled oil away from the spilling site.
This method or attempt was based on the principle of fastening the natural dispersion. The EPA together with the Coast Guard allowed for the use of dispersants which was a group of designed chemical that had to be sprayed on the spilled oil that had already formed oil slicks to disperse naturally and enable easy transportation of the oil by wind or water.
One of the major beneficial natural treatment oil rich areas and off shore accidents is abiotic weathering and microbiological degradation. The observing of characteristic recuperation forms after an oil slick without dynamic intercession (common lessening) must be viewed as a legitimate reaction alternative in specific situations. On the off chance that oil has affected a delicate shoreline, for example, a wetland, which blocks the utilization of obtrusive cleanup operations, at that point common weakening would be the reaction of decision once available coasting oil has been expelled utilizing sponges. For regions in which a spill is strategically difficult to reach for reasons of remoteness, stormy climate, or absence of hardware and labor, common weakening may be the main choice accessible.
References
Apblett, A.W., The Board Of Regents For Oklahoma State University, 2011. Process for water
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Brunson, S., Cheatham, J., Clayton, J., Bailey, T. and Panditharathna, A., 2016. Effects of Algae
Growth in Different Light Exposure. Journal of Introductory Biology Investigations, 4(2).
Cencoos.org. (2017). Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts | CeNCOOS. [online] Available at:
https://www.cencoos.org/learn/blooms/habs/impacts [Accessed 28 Jul. 2017].
Fao.org. (2017). Chapter 2 – WATER QUALITY MONITORING, STANDARDS AND
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Inspectapedia.com. (2017). How to Measure Water Hardness – water hardness test kit guide.
[online] Available at https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Hard_Water_Measurement.php [Accessed 28 Jul. 2017].
Indianapolis, I., Indianapolis, I. and University, I. (2017). What causes algal blooms? | Center
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McMahon, J.M., Mcmahon John M, 1992. Water softening process. U.S. Patent 5,166,220.
Mahvi, A.H., Shafiee, F., and Gaddafi, K., 2005. Feasibility study of crystallization process for
water softening in a pellet reactor. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 1(4), pp.301-304.
Rieck, H.P., Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, 1987. Use of crystalline layered sodium silicates for
softening water and a process for softening water. U.S. Patent 4,664,839.
Reitan, K.I., Rainuzzo, J.R., Øie, G. and Olsen, Y., 1997. A review of the nutritional effects of
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