Weed Infestation Control In Southern Highlands Nsw Australia

Case Study 1. Weeds

Choose two weeds and complete the following form.

Weed Species 1

Weed Species 1

Common Name

Mallow

Black night shade

Scientific Name

Malva neglecta

Solanum nigrum

Characteristics of the weeds

Malva neglecta is a yearly developing to 0.6 m (2ft).

It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not tender to ice.

It is in bloom from June to September, and the seeds age from July to October.

The species is bisexual (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by flies and bees.

1. An annual variable or short-lived perennial, developing upstanding from a couple of cm tall to 75 cm high.

2. Stems are green to dim purple, often branched and strong growing.

3. Leaves are medium to dim green, pointed and up to 7 cm wide by 12 cm long and oval.

Potential suitable control measures

The rabi crop is a suitable measure which is undertaken to control the suitable growth of the plant.

In order to thrive throughout the soil, the seed not only must remain relevant, but germination must also be avoided till the situations for the establishment and development of the seedling have become good. A sustainable seed may struggle to sprout because of quiescent, dormancy, or both.

The life cycle and  appropriate timing of weed control

The flowers are borne either by themselves or in groups in the leaf axils and are produced in between early and late-summer. The appropriate time for weed control is at the onset of 6 months.

A minimum of 178,000 seeds can be produced each year. Seeds germinate well at varying temperatures of 20-30 ° C, with no initial dormancy (99 per cent of seeds germinate in the spring after aggregation and stratification). Seeds kept indoors at room temperature should maintain 27 percent germination after 2 years. The appropriate timing for weed control is at the onset of seed growth into a plant at roughly 11 months.

Methods of weed dispersal

Anemochory is a form of wind-assisted weed dispersal technique which is generally observed in this plant.

Hydrochory is a form of water-assisted weed dispersal technique which is generally observed in this species of plant.

Choose two growing sites (can be either production or garden sites) that currently grow weeds or have the potential for weeds and complete the following form.

Criteria

Site A

Site B

Name of Site

The walkways around streets

The backyard of a house

New and emerging weed species (or potential species) in the area

Portulaca oleracea

Taraxacum officinale

Weed characteristics (if present)

This homely plant is extremely hard to eradicate but easy to harvest. All the leaves, roots, and even the flowers have various edible and medicinal applications.

This weed’s thick teardrop-shaped leaves have an unusual succulent, mucilaginous texture, similar to a cross between spinach and okra.

The lifecycle and ecology of a range of relevant weeds in the site

Dandelions grow from seeds which germinate during the growing season. The plant stays approximately 8-15 weeks in the seedling stage. Dandelions produce a rosette of pale yellowish-green, tiny leaves. The plant develops a deep root, at the same time.

The production of seeds starts in mid-summer and extends through the end of the growing season. In both tropical and temperate regions the life cycle of purslane is completed in 2 to 4 months. The plants are swiftly blooming and setting seeds, allowing for several generations a year.

Beneficial organisms in the site

Green lacewings

Spiders

Effects and thresholds on plant health

NA

NA

Economic thresholds for weeds infestation

The potential crop yield is more than the weed infestation

The herbicide cost for the pest management is lesser than the potential crop yield

Aesthetic thresholds for weeds infestation

It is an herbaceous plant that provides protection for the hepato, anti-inflammatory, and cosmetic ingredients.

Dandelion provides aesthetic properties by beatifying the area

Fire hazard thresholds for weeds infestation

With the inclusion of fire, the plants will die

With the inclusion of fire, the plants will die

Effects and environmental thresholds for weeds infestation

NA

Dandelion provides aesthetic properties by beatifying the area. However, climate change can affect the growth of the plant

Weed control methods and timing

Chemical control at the onset of growth at 6 months

Physical control at the onset of growth at 9 months

Potential weed prevention strategies

Chemical control at the onset of growth at 6 months

Physical control at the onset of growth at 9 months

Choose two integrated pest management controls and complete the form below.

Criteria

Option 1

Option 2

Physical methods of weed control

Burning

Tilling

Chemical methods of weed control

Herbicides

Pesticides

Biological methods of weed control

Bioagents

Beneficial organisms

Cultural methods of weed control

Irrigation

Fertiliser application

Strategies for reducing risks to humans

Using less harmful herbicides

Using less harmful pesticides

Strategies for reducing risks to the environment

Scout routinely and plant into weed-free fields

Plant weed-free crop seed

Strategies for reducing risks to other plant or animal species

Dispose of garden waste efficiently

Place mulch in soil surfaces

Factors that affect the efficacy of weed management

Herbicide performance

Climate

Task

Evidence required

Task 1

?Written responses to ten short answer questions

Task 2

?Case study one- weeds (must provide images)

?Case study two- growing site

?Case study three- integrated pest management