Discuss about the Finance and Cooperative to Electricity Management.
A problem that is not easy or possible to solve due to incomplete or changing requirements are termed as wicked problems. The term wicked is mostly used to illustrate opposition to resolution rather than evil. As a result, there is no ultimate formulation of a wicked problem. The wicked problem that is introduced illustrates the shifting to more renewable sources of energy in Australia. Renewable energy has apparently entered the golden age in Australia over the past decade. The renewable energy fund of the government of Australia has been investing in innovative projects in order to meet the Renewable Energy Target (Head and Alford 2015). However, the absolute volume of column edges on renewable energy in Australia has not interpreted into established renewable generation of power.
The essay provides an overview about the wicked problem that is related to shifting to renewable energy. Problem related to renewable energy includes the requirement for an incessant supply of energy for the existence of the human race. The purpose of the essay is to illustrate shifting to renewable energy is directly associated with change in climate however; they are not equal.
The wicked problem that is related with renewable energy sources in Australia will lead to difficulty of generation of large quantities of electricity that manufactured by traditional generators of fossil fuels. This indicates that the amount of energy that is used requires to be diminished. The reliability of supply is another major wicked problem that is associated with shifting towards renewable energy. In other words, the hydro generators in Australia require rain to fill dams in order to supply flowing water (Head 2014). The present cost of technology related to renewable energy is far more costly as compared to traditional generation of fossil fuel.
The shifting towards sustainable renewable sources of energy requires unprecedented global cooperation on expansive measures to stridently diminish global releases of greenhouse gases. The effort to quantify and expand renewable energy in Australia is mostly dealt by the Renewable energy in Australia. The first green fuels laboratory in Australia has unlocked its doors in provincial Queensland that facilitates to shift to biofuels. This allows the researchers to test biocrude on the shores rather than overseas. In Australia, biofuels is available both in the form of ethanol fuel and biodiesel that can be produced from grains as well as sugarcane. In this discussion, biofuels denotes to the conversion of plant biomass to a liquid fuel that is mostly used in transportation. There are however; several wicked problems that are associated with the production of biofuels. This mostly includes the impact of moderating prices of oil, level of carbon emission as well as loss of biodiversity (Redford, Adams and Mace 2013). The shifting towards renewable sources of energy such as biofuel will lead to large-scale deforestation of mature trees that will in turn contribute to soil erosion and loss of habitat. The increasing demand for biofuel in Australia has led to clearance of land for plantations of palm oil. The benefits related to greenhouse gases that are acquired from the renewable fuel such as ethanol are greater as compared to the benefits received by making the use of fossil fuel such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). However, the releases from these gases are very responsive to the production system of feedstock. The most probable combinations that are used in Australia are the blends of E10, B100, B20 and B5. Sustainability is also considered as one of the decisive issue for the biofuel industry as there is no point in replacing one sustainable system with a different sustainable system. The use of modern biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol for transport in Australia generates a lot of interest along the supply chain of agriculture. According to recent estimates, Australia is still in the early days of the biofuel industry. As a result, the future requirements in Australia will be met by a wide-ranging mix of fuels (Hallgren et al. 2013).The producers of food, livestock and biofuels compete among each other for the similar commodity crops in the global arena. Competition with the producers of food leads to wicked problem in Australia.
Another form of renewable energy that is preferred in Australia is shifting towards renewable electricity that is mostly generated by wind power. Wind energy is a renewable source of energy that provides several advantages and is considered as one of the fastest increasing sources of renewable energy in the world. However, several wicked problems are associated with wind energy. The major wicked problem that is caused by wind energy is that it leads to noise disturbances. The turbines lead to noise pollution despite the fact that wind energy is non-polluting. As a result, wind farms are not built near residential areas of Australia (Masters 2013). It also leads to visual pollution that influences individuals to avoid installing them in their backyard. It also leads to threat to wildlife. It has been claimed by the wildlife ecologists of Australia that more than 440,000 birds were killed by the existing turbines in Australia each year. Another wicked problem that is associated with wind energy is that it can never be predicted. The frequency of tornadoes as well as cyclones has increased considerably that leads to security concern. These stern storms lead to massive damage to the wind turbines that will in turn lead to safety hazard to those who are working in the wind farms. These stern storms are also likely to lead to permanent disability among human beings (Ippolito et al. 2014).
According to Moss, Coram and Blashki (2014), several health hazards are taking place due to solar systems that leads to generation of solar PV. The health impacts are likely to have negative impact due to exposed toxic materials as well as gases that are likely to pose threat to the broader population. The production of semiconductors that are used in PV mostly leads to health hazards that are associated with solar energy. There is a little opposition to renewable energy projects in Australia that is quite dissimilar to that of other energy sources. The social impacts that are associated with shifting towards renewable energy comprises of the economic advantages from jobs.
There are mostly three motivating papers on renewable energy that suggests wickedness of the renewable energy problem. Two out of the five articles deals with the examination of biofuels whereas; the third paper deals with transition of green energy. However, these papers mostly highlight localism and participation as the source to renewable energy. It mostly focuses on underlining weakening of endeavors at sustainability. The transition of biofuels and green energy are dwarfed by fossil fuels at present (Nilsson and Nykvist 2016). It is assumed that participatory governance promotes the shifting towards renewable energy. According to Mediavilla et al. (2013), the cooperation of the population is required to lead to acceptable solutions. It is imperative to consult with the local population in order to deal with their grievances. The local inhabitants of Australia should be direct access to the benefits of renewable energy. However, this standard should be applied to fossil fuels. Local inhabitants can be fastened in the habitus of unsustainable practices and oppose changing those practices to renewable ones. Most of the individuals also complain about the health effects due to windfalls as well as pollution that are caused due to coal-fired electricity generators. On the other hand, nuclear reactors also carry more risk. The individuals require conserving energy as well as selecting the least bad option to produce energy.
As opined by Florin, Van De Ven and Van Ittersum (2014), farmers and rural communities lobby for biofuels mostly for economic purposes even though their net impact towards combating climate change can be unenthusiastic or zero. It is illustrated that local community acts in their instant economic interest however; it is misleading to elevate localism and bottom-up policies as a universal remedy for sustainability. These results in confrontation to standardized rules that lead to decreased use of coal that acts as the part of the wicked problem. A further aspect that is associated with wicked problem deals with the dislocation of blame onto attempts at sustainability for a host of communal ills.
There has been a debate related to renewable energy emission in Australia. According to Dunstan, Sharpe and Downes (2013), the government has maintained reputation of anti-renewable by undeviating the Clean Energy Finance Corporation in order to stop financing small-scale solar projects as well as wind farms. As per the reports, by the year 2030, 50 percent of electricity in Australia is likely to come from renewable. A no carbon tax has been promised by labors under which they are likely to focus on renewable energy. Renewable energy are likely to generate jobs however, moving away from the generation of fossil fuel will also cost jobs (Martin and Rice 2014).
Risk awareness that is associated with local communities is not perfect as they are either well founded or unsupported. Global warming that is caused by shifting towards renewable energy that is mostly caused disproportionately due to wealthy societies. However, the statement is not agreed completely as the national plan of Australia had founded that shifting towards renewable energy will solve the problem of high power prices. The largest operator of coal fired stations in Australia has united with the chorus of a big business and environmental groups (Parkinson 2014). Energy Australia took the unparalleled move of captivating out a full-page commercial in a nationwide newspaper stating its support for an unbiased thrust for clean energy. Energy Australia had also proposed to construct a solar power station in Victoria as well as a wind farm in South Australia. Renewable energy does not lead to energy scarcity. However, it is mostly caused by scarcity and worsened by the things that indicate low income. Renewable are likely ti solve energy scarcity problem in Australia. This is mostly due to the fact that energy from the sun and wind is free (Luderer et al. 2014).
It can be concluded that a policy that is likely to drive down emissions are likely to be costly as compared to other business. Australia requires a levelheaded, bipartisan emissions reduction policy that can be accomplished at a lowest cost. It is costly to produce electricity from the conventional sources of fossil fuels. Due to increasing demand for biofuels in Australia, there is also an increasing demand for palm oil industry. A scientific and economic content leads to an idea of agreeable communities. A systems view approach on the other hand, takes the total land into account that grows biomass feedstock. If Australia grows the aptitude to manufacture feedstock or fuel that can be denoted as sustainably manufactured. Australia has procedures at several government levels in order to deal with sustainability problems. The probable role that is played by first and second generation biofuels to transport the energy future of Australia can be evaluated against a complete range of optional fuels. The production facilities of biofuels make the use of fermentation and distillation procedures in order to generate ethanol from sugar. It can also be concluded that the solution to the above mentioned wicked problem can be only good or bad rather than true or false. This problem can be solved by going through the history that acts as a guide however; there is no template to follow in order to solve the problem.
References
Dunstan, C., Sharpe, S.A. and Downes, J., 2013. Investing in Savings: Finance and cooperative approaches to electricity demand management-A scoping study for the Clean Energy Finance Corporation.
Florin, M.J., Van De Ven, G.W.J. and Van Ittersum, M.K., 2014. What drives sustainable biofuels? A review of indicator assessments of biofuel production systems involving smallholder farmers. Environmental Science & Policy, 37, pp.142-157.
Hallgren, W., Schlosser, C.A., Monier, E., Kicklighter, D., Sokolov, A. and Melillo, J., 2013. Climate impacts of a large?scale biofuels expansion. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(8), pp.1624-1630.
Head, B.W. and Alford, J., 2015. Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Administration & Society, 47(6), pp.711-739.
Head, B.W., 2014. Evidence, uncertainty, and wicked problems in climate change decision making in Australia. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 32(4), pp.663-679.
Ippolito, M.G., Di Silvestre, M.L., Sanseverino, E.R., Zizzo, G. and Graditi, G., 2014. Multi-objective optimized management of electrical energy storage systems in an islanded network with renewable energy sources under different design scenarios. Energy, 64, pp.648-662.
Luderer, G., Krey, V., Calvin, K., Merrick, J., Mima, S., Pietzcker, R., Van Vliet, J. and Wada, K., 2014. The role of renewable energy in climate stabilization: results from the EMF27 scenarios. Climatic change, 123(3-4), pp.427-441.
Martin, N.J. and Rice, J.L., 2014. Influencing clean energy laws: an analysis of business stakeholder engagement. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(7), pp.447-460.
Masters, G.M., 2013. Renewable and efficient electric power systems. John Wiley & Sons.
Mediavilla, M., de Castro, C., Capellán, I., Miguel, L.J., Arto, I. and Frechoso, F., 2013. The transition towards renewable energies: Physical limits and temporal conditions. Energy Policy, 52, pp.297-311.
Moss, J., Coram, A. and Blashki, G., 2014. Wind energy, climate and health: evidence for the impacts of wind generated energy in Australia.
Nilsson, M. and Nykvist, B., 2016. Governing the electric vehicle transition–Near term interventions to support a green energy economy. Applied Energy, 179, pp.1360-1371.
Parkinson, G., 2014. Solar has won. Even if coal were free to burn, power stations couldn’t compete. The Guardian, July, 7.
Redford, K.H., Adams, W. and Mace, G.M., 2013. Synthetic biology and conservation of nature: wicked problems and wicked solutions. PLoS Biol, 11(4), p.e1001530.
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