Discuss about the Personality Traits and Metacognitions Predictors.
The current assignment focuses upon the concept of mental health nursing. Mental health is one of the serious and global concerns nowadays. There are a number of factors affecting the mental health of a person. Some of these are stress from personal life, professional issues, physical health concerns and social neglect. There may be many underlying causes to mental health problems such as family history of stress and depression. Additionally, presence of inherited mental diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder can also affect the mental well being within a person.
The current assignment discusses in detail the different attributes of mental health. The aspect of positive mental health has been discussed over here. The different social, economic and psychological factors have been taken into consideration which has a profound effect upon the mental health of the patient. Some of these risk factors have been discussed have been discussed in the light of the current assignment. The assignment also discusses some of the protective factors which could be use in regaining positive mental health. A number of holistic approaches have been taken into consideration for providing mental health assistance to the patient. A number of dilemmas are faced in providing mental health services to the patient. The dilemmas arise with regards to providing the patient with sufficient autonomy in making their own decisions. These have been discussed in the later section of the assignment.
In the current study the case study of Samira have been taken into consideration, who is a 39 years old female suffering from episodes of tiredness and breathlessness. Samira had several sittings with her general physician. The GP had further suggested a number of physical screening tests to the patient. These were done in order to find the presence of any physical ailments within the patient. Though, the blood report was clear Samira kept on insisting that she has blood cancer and nothing was alright. From the presentation of the clinical symptoms of the patient, the doctor diagnosed that she may be suffering from low self-esteem and mental health issues. On further investigation, it was found the woman lost her husband in road traffic accident 3 months ago. Samira has three children aged 12, 9 and 6 years old. She reported that she had moved into Sydney with her husband and children three years ago in order to escape from the war struck conditions of Syria. She had also mentioned that while in Syria they had received death threats many times. Hence, it was a wise decision to move to Sydney. However, she also mentioned that she felt lonely and missed her parents and siblings settled in Syria. However, amidst the war struck conditions there it does not seem a feasible option for Samira’s family to visit her.
Samira also mentioned that she had been visiting a community centre where many other families would come. However, she also mentioned that she lacked the zeal or the enthusiasm to visit the community centre everyday. Therefore, based upon the present signs and symptoms depicted by the patient it could be said that the patient was suffering from depression. Therefore, effective mental care support needs to be designed for the patient.
The aspect of mental health is gaining tremendous importance in the present day context. In the current decade many people across the globe have been complaining of poor mental health. Some of these have much widespread effect upon their life in general. As mentioned by Edward et al. (2015), mental health is not merely the absence of mental sickness. However as argued by Cleary, Jackson and Hungerford (2014), it is the capacity to enjoy life or deal with the challenges of life. The aspect of mental health could be best described with a two continuum model, which describes that people with mental health condition can experience well being. On the other hand, people without any mental health condition can experience poor mental health. Hence, environmental factors play a pivotal role over here. Poor household, low economy, poor health, social neglect, these are some of the factors which affects mental well being in people (Ford, 2017). As argued by Halter (2017), the social determinants of mental health plays a specific role in shaping the life of a person. In order to promote positive mental health, promotional mental health strategies at individual and community level needs to be encouraged. As commented by Happell, Wilson and McNamara (2015), individual empowerment and participation can help in the fulfilment of the community targets. Additionally, development of a number of policies with regards to housing, employment, social assistance and settlement could promote positive mental health within the people. The positive mental health helps one cope up with the stressors of life (Waugh & Koster, 2015). The positive mental health helps one to reach their full potential.
In this respect, a number of basic steps could be suggested for maintaining a positive mental health on day to day basis. One of the most preliminary steps is to eat and drink well, that is feeding oneself with the right nutrients and keeping one’s body rehydrated can help in keeping the mind relaxed and calm, as the steady supply of food ensures proper supply of glucose to the brain. As mentioned by Eilertsen, Hjemdal, Le, Diseth & Reinfjell (2016),getting a good and proper night’s sleep can help in the breakdown of complex proteins, which are deposited in the brain due to a day’s activity. Thus, undertaking 30 minutes of exercises on a daily basis can help in keeping one active throughout the day (Broshek, De Marco & Freeman, 2015). As suggested by Wynaden (2014), staying in touch with caring friends or family members can also boost positive mental energy within an individual.
In order to maintain a positive mental health there is a need to supply the brain with healthy food. Some of these have been seen to affect mood differently such as fatty fish rich in omega -3s such as salmon, herring, mackerel, sardines and tuna. Increasing the content of leafy green vegetables in the diet has been seen to promote positive mood and well being within an individual. Avocados, flaxseeds and blueberries are some other options which could maintain an effective serotonin and dopamine balance in the brain. As mentioned by Cutcliffe, Santos, Kozel, Taylor and Lees (2015), interacting with people who are close and could identify with the mental dilemmas of the person could be effective. In some cases, undertaking relaxation activities such as yoga, mindfulness meditation can help one in relieving of the daily life stressors (Marino, Vieno, Lenzi, Fernie, Nik?evi? & Spada, 2018).
In the present context, a number of factors have been taken into consideration such as the environment, culture, support systems and adaptive ability which can have profound effect upon the life of Samira. Samira had moved in Sydney with her husband there years ago. They were planning to buy an own house in Sydney once her husband settled down with a good job. However, her husband passed away in a road traffic accident which left them amidst massacre. Her son was also not doing well in school. Samira reported that she felt in Sydney difficult due to grief, loneliness and ongoing worries. Additionally, after the death of her husband she longed to meet her own family settled in Syria. However, ongoing war conditions of Syria made settling back there an infeasible option. Therefore, she lacked sufficient social support in her surroundings. She would also miss going to the community club as she felt lack of energy on some of the days. Samira had been dependent upon her husband for a very long time and lacked a social independence in her life. She could have been able to revive her mental health, if she could have got her engaged in a job. However, nothing in this regard has been known about the educational qualifications of Samira. Additionally, she lacked the initiative of going outside and working. Therefore, she was of a docile nature and believed in the cultural paradoxes which had been presented to her.
Samira lacked the mental health care and support systems which could have helped her in regaining a positive mental health. She had lost her husband three months back and her own family was located far away from her in Syria. Samira was living alone in Sydney with her three children aged 3, 6 and 9 years old. Recently she had been called to the school of her 9 years old son several times owing to aggressive behaviour. Hence, based upon the current scenario both Samira and her child could have helped with the help of community-based d counselling services as they were refugees from war-struck Syria. Hence, it could have been an effect of the trauma. Samira faced difficulty in adjusting to her new environment, as they were refugees and she hardly knew anyone there.
Some of the factors which could have a direct effect upon the life of a patient have been discussed over here. However, emphasis has been given upon environmental and cultural factors. The environmental factor refers to the various amount of discrimination faced by refugees within a newly settled area (Happell et al., 2015). The discrimination could be on the basis of colour, creed, caste, religion. Additionally, the cultural faith and beliefs which often acts as paradoxes further increase the communication gap within the society (Cutcliffe, Santos, Kozel, Taylor & Lees, 2015).
A number of risk factors could be described in the present context. Here, the patient was suffering from depression, which made her think that she had developed breast cancer. The depressive thoughts could affect the social life of the patient. The melancholy had made Samira detach from her social circle and only think about the impending doom. These had further affected her daily activities of living. Additionally, Samira also had the responsibility of her children upon her. Therefore, a negligent attitude towards her children would resulted in them missing schools, falling in bad companies or develop anti-social behaviours.
The social exclusion could further increase the digressional fits within the patient making her prone to suicidal thoughts or behaviour (Trompetter, Lamers, Westerhof, Fledderus & Bohlmeijer, 2017). As suggested by Cowan, Brunero, Luo, Bilton and Lamont (2018), consistent low mood has often been seen to subject a patient to behaviours such as substance abuse addiction. These can further worsen the mental health condition of the patient as well as expose the entire family to vulnerability. As mentioned by Hurley, Cashin, Mills, Hutchinson and Graham (2016), some of the most common symptoms of depression are expressed in the form of ill health, discomfort, pain or distress. Most of the times, people are apprehensive regarding mental health care services, as the costs associated are high. Depression also results in lost productivity along with wide stream effects on health of the patient by triggering co-morbidities such as diabetes, high blood pressure, back pain and heart disease. The loss of productivity can results in poor socio-economic condition of the patient, which could also affect the large-scale family (Hercelinskyj, cruickshank, Brown, & Phillips, 2014). Depression is often associated with the development of chronic pain conditions within the patient, most of which are soma-psychotic in nature. Low mood disorder in female patients can trigger the occurrence of polycistronic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
Therefore, in case the patient is not provided with help and support on time the acute depressive episodes could become chronic. As mentioned by Joseph, Moss and Cross (2015), chronic depressive disorders are difficult to cure, as they always have chances for relapses. Reports have shown that community-based holistic care and support approaches produced positive effect upon the mental health of the patient. Chronic depressions have also been associated with weight loss, fatigue and low cognition in patients (Cleary, Jackson & Hungerford, 2014). The development of the digressional disorder further can lead to the loss of work productivity within the patients. The low self-esteem and consistently bad mood can further subject the patient to abuses of any form with regards to physical abuses as well as property related disputes.
Therefore, based upon the current situation it is very important to help the patient regain her positive mental health. The patient over here that is Samira had been recuperating from the death of her husband which left her in a melancholic state. The patient had been unable to cope up with the stressful situation, which developed depression and anxiety within the patient. The depression and the anxiety had been expressed in the form of breathlessness within the patient. The patient was worried about developing breasts cancer which took away her potential to perform in her daily life. Hence, there is a need to help the patient regain a positive mental health. Additionally, Samira had been going through loneliness issues due to the absence of her family. She was living in a rented house with her children and after the death of her husband had little chance of moving back to Syria provided it is a war-struck country.
A number of protective factors could be mentioned over here which boosts positive mental health in the patient. Some of these are – lifestyle changes, imparting stress management skills, preventive consultation and positive psychotherapy, show affection to the patient, build responsibility within the patient. Also, positively creating and impacting one’s social environment can help an individual cope up with additional stressors. Some of these such as lifestyle changes along with providing the patient with holistic care regimen such as yoga or deep breathing exercises could initiate relaxation within the patient. As mentioned by Cutler, Moxham and Stephens (2017), the psychotherapy could help in preventing suicidal thoughts within the patient. It could help the patient look at the larger picture by focussing upon the family responsibilities one has to undertake. As suggested by Redknap, Twigg, D., Rock and Towell (2015), making one part of social communities could also help them in developing positive attitude towards life by identifying their grievances with others who must have gone through similar situations in life.
Conclusion
The current assignment focuses upon the aspect of mental health nursing. In this respect, the patient had been suffering from depression or mid-life crisis owing to the death of her husband. The study here taken into consideration the aspects of good mental health. It also takes into consideration the preliminary factors, which promotes good mental health in the patient. It also takes into consideration the various psychosocial factors which affects the mental health of the patient. The risk factors for the patient had been highlighted over here, which could be coped up with a number of protective factors. The study helped us focus upon some of the important mental health attributes such a practising mindfulness and developing an active and engaging life which could help the patient cope up with different stressors in life. Additionally, local and community healthcare services where free and effective counselling sessions are provided to the patients can help in the removal of health inequalities. In this case, sufficient support from the local and federal government can help in the improvement of the community mental health care services.
References
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