Question:
Discuss about the Improved Mental Health Vision Policy for Healthcare.
Mental health problem and substance abuse has been on the rise in New Zealand with the majority affected being the Maori. Every one in three Maori’s is suffering mental illness or substance abuse. The new policy, however, is trying to bridge the gaps to make sure that healthcare facility for the mentally ill and the addicts have equal access to better health facilities that cater for their needs. This group of people makes up part of the New Zealanders and their health is as important as any other citizen. Lack of better health care for the Maori has led to the rise in mortality rate among youths and adults among those who are having mental illness and addiction problem because of the resentment, harassment, and rejection by the community (Dawson, Gledhill, & New Zealand Law Foundation2013). The Maori are spread all over New Zealand and the socio-economic status is among the contributing factors of mental illness and addiction with the majority being women. Most of these minority groups have very little or no health care services at their disposal, therefore making it hard for them to have better health care that could provide the required services (Koehlmoos, Anwar, & Cravioto, 2011).
The introduction of the new proposed policy is to ensure that those gaps that were left in the previous policy are all covered and it also aims at providing better health care services to the New Zealanders, with improved facilities and better treatment of those individuals who are affected. The groups such as the Maori have been considered as important in the new policy and there are a lot of measurements that are put in place for the purpose of better recovery and treatment at an early stage of addiction and mental illness. It is the responsibility of the government to take care of its citizen by implementing strategic policies that will advocate for the rights of all citizens regardless of whom they are and where they come from (Mirzaei, et al, 2013).
However much the government has tried its best to put in place various healthcare facilities and introduced new programs to help people with mental disorder and addiction problem there are some limitations or rather weaknesses that have been experienced by the service users, the health care practitioners and the community at large. The government needs to put in place action plans that create awareness to the entire community especially the minority groups like the M?ori to enable them understand that mental illness and addiction are conditions like any other illness and those affected should be treated with compassion and a lot of care and not to be discriminated against because that could lead to suicide. The compulsory treatment for those with mental illness and addiction has a lot of repercussions on the service users first because once identified to be under compulsory treatment there is underrepresentation, there is no access to legal aid for those who are under compulsory treatments and also they are secluded with the healthcare givers especially in psychiatric units. This is a violation of the human rights because everyone should have equal access to health care. There are other services that are not available for specific treatment, this has led to most people who are severely mentally ill not getting the right treatment for their conditions hence no quick recovery.
The government has concentrated a lot on the adults and mental illness and neglected the children with mental illness; there are fewer facilities for children with mental illness and addiction problems and also facilities for taking care of children whose parents are in the addiction or mental illness facilities (Thornicroft, 2011). Cultural competence is an issue due to lack of trained medics within New Zealand and its communities, it is noticeable that majorities of caregivers are from overseas and this increases the gap of cultural competence in health care services for people with mental illness and addiction problem, but with the most effect on the minority groups like the M?ori. The government has not yet established the major reasons as to why the M?ori community who adds up 16% of the New Zealand population has the highest number of mental illness and addiction problems. The high rate of mental illness and addiction within this community is overwhelming and the government needs to look for a remedy so as to reduce the level of mortality rates caused by suicide (Elder, Evans, & Nizette, 2013).
Health care practitioners, on the other hand, lack enough knowledge and skills on how to take care of M?ori patients, this leads to misunderstanding and poor treatment and prescription and in the long run recovery tends to be too slow or even no change (Minas, & Lewis, 2017). The community-based services are supposed to have a better approach and attitudes to the service user but instead, some of the mental staff still have the institutional attitude and do not support the community attitude and in return, many people with mental illness living in the community but they do not participate fully in the community life (Komaric, Bedford, & van Driel, 2012). The NGOs who are also major stakeholders have increased the number of mental health facilities that provide health care services for people with mental illness and addiction problems especially in the remote areas however their rate of spending has gone up hence using a lot of funds that are not necessary. The limitations or rather weaknesses have led to a gradual growth in health care system for those with mental illness and addiction problems (Piat, & Sabetti, 2009).
However there are various issues of concern that need changes, the first one is the legislation law that advocates for compulsory treatment for patients with the severe mental illness. A patient has a right to consent; the decisions should be made individually and not collectively, even if it is for the person’s benefit (McMurray, & Clendon, 2011). Human rights and dignity should be respected even if the individual has no sound mind due impairment from a chronic illness (McGregor, Wilson, & Bell, 2016). The leadership within the healthcare facilities should not only be top-down kind of leadership but instead, it should be spread down to the other staff to enable effective workflow with each person involved taking responsibility and this will increase better service delivery in all health care services (Duncan,2016). The system should be whole thinking and collaborative to enhance productivity within the healthcare system (Thornicroft et al, 2011). The service level monitoring should not only focus on the inputs than the outcome. The service monitoring should also include the outcome results to see what needs to be put in place and to identify gaps that need immediate attention and even long-term amendment. But most importantly it should focus on those who are suffering from mental illness and addiction to see their progress (Walker, & Bryant, 2013).
The government should change the ways of funding from a population-based to need-based of different communities because funding based on population does not respond to everyone’s need. There are those who are marginalized and have a smaller population yet they have the most need compared to those whose population are high (McGeorge, 2012). The shift on funding system will eliminate some of the problems associated with health care. The government should not just fund any project that they think is related to mental health care and addiction, but instead should monitor the organization closely and be convinced that the funds that they are being given are used according to the government expects and it should be used specifically for projects that support the mentally ill patients and addicts and nothing else. The mental health policy has laws that protect the rights of humanity and their dignity, there are a number of individuals with mental illness and addiction problems that experience harassment and abuse at the service centers and they are not able to protect themselves because they are vulnerable, the government should instead impose tough laws to care providers who are involved in harassing and abusing individuals with mental illness and addiction problems (Goudreau, & Smolenski, 2013).
The mental health policy 2005-2015 has played a major role in changing the mental health care system from institutional to community-based; this has increasingly helped different communities to access credible health care services. However, it contains key weaknesses highlighted above which forms the basis for the new submission. The new proposed policy Mental Health Policy vision 2030 is a government-oriented project with the main aim of improving the healthcare sector for the mentally ill and those with addiction problems, for the purpose of having an environment with controlled mental illness and addiction problems. The policy requires the government to uphold its efforts and put in more funding to projects that are identified as relevant to improving the condition of mentally ill patients and addicts.
This policy states that the government should retain strict measures on the health care providers to maintain the responsibility of providing better health care to the diverse communities in New Zealand. Primary health care is a necessity and its function and membership should remain the same because all the citizens have the equal rights to primary health care services (Crooks, & Andrews, 2009). Acknowledgment of diversity by this new policy is equally important and it’s part of the strategies because it will lead to improved health care services to the minority groups like the M?ori. The integration of mental health strategies is important as well because it directs the focus to all the citizens of New Zealand and includes those with mental health problem, those with disabilities and those from minority groups who are largely affected like the M?ori.
The government has shown a tremendous change right from the first time it implemented the first policy in 1994 known as “Looking forward”. This policy was put in place in order to take care of people with mental health problems. This policy emphasized on providing more services for the people and this policy showed the government’s commitment to providing community-based services to the people of New Zealand. Three years later the government identified some loopholes within the first implemented policy and renamed the policy “Moving forward” with the aim of provision of better services to all New Zealanders regardless of their cultural background. In the year 1998 the introduction of “Blueprint” was to put moving forward policy into action by providing detailed service development for the purpose of better health care service delivery for people with mental health problems.
With the introduction of this new proposed policy, it is important that it covers the gaps that have been left with the Mental Health Policy 2005-2015. This new policy has shifted its focus to the community level and especially to an individual level, the change in focus is to make sure that those who are affected and together with their families are taken good care of. This new policy is established to make sure that individuals who are suffering from addiction and mental illness are taken good care of right from the time they access the facilities to the time they are released or rather leave the facilities. The new proposed policy is looking into creating a better individual who is able to take care of themselves when they live the facilities; the policy is focused on introducing or rather creating jobs from those who are recovering from mental illness so that they can find something to keep them busy and to avoid staying idle after recovery. The policy also is interested in creating a conducive environment for those who are recovering from mental illness and addiction so as to avoid discrimination and seclusion from the community.
The introduction of tough laws on the individuals who are abusive and harassing the mentally ill individuals and those with addiction problems. The policy is more concerned about introducing a measurable achievement in the healthcare sector for those with mental problems that will give guidance to improving health care services for those with mental health problems. There are many achievements and challenges that the policy is aimed at doing to help to put in better strategies to facilitate better service delivery to the New Zealanders. The effort of the government has been experienced in many communities within New Zealand and this has led to more non-governmental organizations putting their heads together with the government to have improved facilities that cater for the various needs of people with mental health problems.
This policy looks way beyond just the ten-year plan; it has a lot of promises and expectations by the end of the ten-year policy that will benefit those with mental and addiction problems, their families, friends and the entire community which support those with mental illness and addiction. The policy is inclusive and it involves everyone and believes that all New Zealanders have equal opportunity despite their cultural background and disabilities.
This policy advocate for better primary health care for everyone and its importance and advanced health care services for the mentally ill and those who are addicted to a substance. Everyone is responsible for making the society a better and comfortable place for those with mental problems and addiction and that’s why the policy has put in place the judicial system that protects those who are having a mental illness, addiction and any other disabilities. The policy is relying on the government for supporting the proposed changes and wants those who experience mental illness and addiction to experience service that is trusted, services that are focused on better recover services and those that allow the affected to be able to participate on their own in their journey to recovery.
This policy also acknowledges the diversity; New Zealand has the Maori, Pacific people, Asians, and the ethnic communities which involve the migrants and refugees (Figley, Huggard, & Rees, 2013). And it has established new policies that are inclusive, policies that recognize all new Zealanders and gives everyone the right to access primary health care services from whatever place that is accessible. This policy has regulated the services provided in both governmental and non-governmental sectors making it possible for anyone with mental illness and addiction to access any health care service for quality treatment of specific mental health and addiction problems. Building on the past success has majorly helped in the implementation of the new mental health policy; it is the stepping stone for the new expectations and better quality services that are put in place for those who have mental illness and addiction problems (McCloughen, Gillies, & O’brien, 2011).
This policy was formulated after the looking forward, moving forward and blueprint that was implemented years ago and showed a great improvement in mental health care. The government saw it worth making the health care services even much better and by that the government was looking at what was left out in the first policy and the challenges that were faced (Renouf, & Tullgren, 2010). This policy is introduced to bring together both the government and non-governmental stakeholders to work under one policy that provides guidelines that enable equality and access to mental health facilities across the board. The government established 21 District Health Boards (DHBs) whose responsibilities are to fund the needs of those mental health communities and plan on how to address their issues and service delivery.
The new policy is going to use the DBHs as the center of resources to make sure that they are providing the funding required for projects that are oriented to providing services to the mentally ill and those with addiction problems. Primary Health Organizations (PHOs) are responsible for providing primary health care services to their enrolled populations and their projects are funded by DHB. By using the identified gaps in the Mental Health Policy 2005-2015, the introduced new mental health policy with the major aims of providing equal measures to easy access to government health and addiction services is more directed to ensuring better health care to the citizens New Zealand. The policy also aims at giving the mental health service providers a general sense of their job descriptions and their importance to those with mental health problems and addiction at the health care centers (Volkow, & Koob, 2015). The policy seconds the government’s efforts on the ongoing investments and funding services that are required to enhance the better outcome of the projects and developing advanced innovative and accountable funding environment.
The vision 2030 policy is an all-round and inclusive, it is a process and a long-term project that is to run to the year 2030 with the intentions of curbing problems that are encountered by the mental illness and addict individuals both at an early stage and after recovery. If the project is well implemented it is beyond a reasonable doubt that the ultimate goal of having an effective system and facilities that take care of those who are mentally ill and those with addiction problems and an exclusive environment that is friendly and one that is accommodative.
The new mental health policy Vision 2030 is expected to bring in tremendous change in New Zealand in the provision of better health care for those who have mental problems and suffer addiction. The healthcare service has been broadening not only to take care of those with mental health problems and addictions but also introduced health care strategies for the Maori, the disabled and primary public health access to all citizens (Rugkasa, 2016). There is a sensitization of some health strategies that were introduced in mental health policy 2005-2015 because the strategies are beneficial to the communities. The strategies include; New Zealand Health Strategy in, the New Zealand Disability Health Strategy, Primary Health Care Strategy and He Korowai Oranga: the Maori Health Strategy. These strategies are going to be implemented with an end term result of achievement of the 2030 mission because the strategies cover up the interest of all citizens across the board. The policy will enhance a continued growth of the healthcare workforce commitment to promoting diversity and cultural competency in meeting the needs of different individuals and must be evidence-based.
The introduced strategies within the policy will lead to increase in health care facilities at the doorstep of those who are in need, to make sure that everyone’s need is cared for at their comfort. There is a development of a recovery philosophy that will direct services for people and recognizes that those who are using the services take the lead role to their own recovery in order to have personal confidence and a valued place in their communities (Pairman, 2015). The new policy involves families, friends, and the community in taking responsibility to make sure that those who have mental illness and addiction problems are well taken care of and that they access health care services to enable their quick recovery. The new Health Care Policy Vision 2030 is an all-around improvement of health care services across all diversity that has a focus in enhancing the performance of state services (New Zealand official yearbook 2010). The Maori people have been identified as the most affected community as compared to all other communities and the policy is interested in putting in place various mental health infrastructures that cater to their needs and aims to improve healthcare services by the year 2030 as this is a continuous process.
The new policy is more concerned about the Maori and other marginalized groups and the state sector, wider community services working together to ensure that primary health care is a right for all citizens (Allen, Balfour, Bell, & Marmot, 2014) by improving Socio-economic factor that is the major contributor to poor health care and treatment among the marginalized groups. This submission is aimed at making health care easily accessible especially to the Maori and other marginalized communities like the migrants and the refugees, by introducing Telepsychiatry that will increase internet use in the remote areas and enable individuals and families of those who are having mental illness and addiction problems to self-manage themselves. The new policy is looking forward to increasing international professional recruits from diverse backgrounds to work in various areas of expertise in assisting those with mental illness and addiction problems from minority groups. This in return will enhance cultural competence and better health care (Muir-Cochrane, Barkway, & Nizette, 2010). There are acts that the policy has put in place to protect and to govern the individuals who have mental illness and addiction problems, to protect them against discrimination and abuse by any persons.
The major stakeholders include the policymakers, whose responsibility is to provide a framework through which health care services are equally given to the country’s citizens. Through the policymakers, one is able to know who is eligible to get care, where, how and who provides the care services among other things. The second stakeholders are the patients, and everyone at one point or another was and can be a patient. A patient must be a citizen, a voter or sometimes a taxpayer. Patients get services from the service providers. The third stakeholders are providers; they are responsible for providing health care based on the policies that are implemented by the policymakers. The providers coordinate with caregivers to provide health care services to the patients (Brady, 2013). The fourth key stakeholders are the payor, this involves insurance companies, health maintenance organizations, and care service contractors among others.
All the stakeholders have a responsibility and a part to play in making sure that health care services offer quality services to all persons (Thurber et al, 2013). Through the government, better laws that are goal oriented can be proposed and passed for better service delivery. The patients as stakeholders have the responsibility of raising concern where necessary and demanding for better health care services within their areas. Payors, for example, the insurance companies should come up with better affordable packages that are disintegrated in all social classes and are inclusive to all persons regardless of their cultural background. The care providers should give quality health care to all care users who visit the care facilities and take charge and responsibility of making sure that they want a better outcome.
The proposed changes in the previous mental health policy are of importance if implemented in the new policy for the benefit of the service user and accountability of that care provider and the government. Making compulsory treatment to people suffering from mental illness should not be encouraged because we are all entitled to be treated with dignity and our rights must be respected and forcing persons with severe mental illness and addiction to have compulsory treatment is not fair (Morgan, & Guthrie, 2015). However, the law is regulated in the new mental health policy Vision 2030; it gives the individuals with mental illness and addiction problems an equal right to make some decisions though not all depending on their conditions. Integration of leadership within the healthcare facilities is the best way to make sure that every health caregiver is taking charge and responsibility of their areas of expertise and the care users.
The new policy is using an integration form of leadership to make sure that everyone involved in providing care is equally responsible for their actions because they are their own boss, this kind of management at the health care facilities will increase better health care services (McIntosh, & Mulholland, 2011). Service monitoring is vital for any goal to be achieved, the new policy is dedicated to putting in place measures that help in monitoring the outcome of the implemented policies because this will help the policy stay on track in identifying the loopholes and looking for alternatives or solutions to deal with particular issues that may arise for the effectiveness and success of the implemented policies. Funding based on population is not really effective in maintaining better and easily accessible health care services to those who are having mental illness and addiction especially from the M?ori who are the most affected (Gaebel, Ro?ssler, & Sartorius, 2017).
The vision 2030 policy is aimed at implementing funding strategies to be equally distributed depending on the demographic populations rate of mental health problems, those areas with high mental illness and addiction problems get the most funding for the purpose of increasing infrastructures and facilities required to cut down the number of new addictions and mental illness and to control the high rates. Funding for projects that are intended to help in improving their health and mental wellness is vital in achieving the vision 2030 which is looking at a mental illness and addiction free society. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate a genuine project from a fake project and the government spends a lot of funds on the project that is associated with mental health and addiction problems as stipulated in the mental health policy 2005-2015.
The government sometimes ends up funding projects that cannot be tracked or associated with its intended goal and the government end up losing money that could be used in improving health care in another project. However, this policy is taking the responsibility of establishing a process through which project funding is issued. Implementation of such laws will help the government to keep track of all state funding (World Health Organization 2014). This policy gives the government the priority of being responsible to make changes that can positively affect the outcome of the mental health policy in place.
Conclusion
Mental health care and addiction among the M?ori group are high compared to other groups or community within the New Zealand. The new policy looks up to the government to take up the responsibility of training nurses, psychiatrists, clinicians on cultural diversity for the purpose of meeting the needs of the culturally diverse community. This policy encourages competency among health care providers, and it is responsible for making sure that the employed caregivers are competent enough in dealing with individuals from the minority groups and understanding their personal needs besides their medical condition. The new mental health policy has brought on board the needs of all citizens and is aimed at providing better health care for all persons despite their cultural or ethnic differences (Figley, Huggard, & Rees, 2013). The recognition of M?ori community and the disabled individuals is a big step for the entire health facilities to embrace inclusion and diversity.
The vision 2030 policy is to succeed the mental health policy 2005-2015 for the need of achieving the goals and objectives that were not met by mental health policy 2005-2015 so that the government can reach up to everyone by providing primary health care services as a right to all New Zealand citizens (Compton, Shim, & American Psychiatric Publishing 2015). The continued funding of the related projects will increase healthcare facilities and availability of resources for all citizens across the board hence improving health care for those who are mentally ill and those who suffer addiction. Implementation of the laws that have been stated within the policy will help in protecting individuals with mental illness and addiction problems from harassment, verbal and even physical abuse (WHO, 2014). However, the governments have gone a long way in creating primary health care service to the minority groups especially the M?ori and the entire new Zealanders and through these changes have been experienced and the vision 2030 policy is dedicated to making sure that New Zealand is a mental illness and addiction free society.
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