Question:
Examine a topic of Strategic Disaster Health Management and Write a Strategic report on the Issue.
Disaster tourism is defined as an act of travelling to the area which is disaster prone, in this act tourist learn about the current situation in the disaster prone area and spends in the local market to upkeep the economy so that way it can ease down the recovery process. This tourism showcase the tragedy happened and reveal the social culture of the society, the experiences they get are much of value for the tourists as they can gain from such tragedies and make aware other people about the disaster. Whereas disaster health management guides or helps in managing the system and the whole range of disaster health. The management of disaster health can be through the continuum of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery, there are various systems and structures to understand the whole scenario of health problems (Ruci?ska & Lechowicz, 2014). The main aim behind disaster health management is to develop a plan in order to deal with the natural and man-made disaster.
There are different elements of disaster tourism categorized phase wise depending on the happening of the disaster and the phases are namely pre-event, emergency, and transitional which is half way, recovery period (long term) lastly resolution. Now these phases have their elements depending on their nature but principle elements for the same are assessment of risk and disaster contingency plans. In disaster health management the vital phases are prevention and their mitigation, preparation by planning, providing relief and recovery. Here elements of disaster health management are critical in nature as the need to provide immediate health care in the phase of recovery is of high importance. In assessment of risk management, the risk are to be recognized in the first stage and then being evaluated based on the ranks given keeping in mind the priorities of risks. Then there is a series of tasks performed by responding, transferring and terminating the risks, proper planning, reporting and reviewing is done in reference to manage risks and mitigations are being formed. Later monitoring and reviewing of the whole framework is being done (Ritchie & Campiranon, 2014).
Disaster health management is one of the main part of disaster management. It has an interactive impact on the aspects of disaster management. Various factors affect health care in disaster management with an intention to provide best tools and treatment to disaster survivors and respondents (Pourhosseini, Ardalan, & Mehrolhassani, 2015). Its main aim is to deliver an appropriate and effective healthcare at the disaster prone site or area and spread awareness to improve such worse condition by managing issues at every stage of disaster management cycle. The strategies are being formed to resolve the issues at traumatic prone area and handle emergency filled situations (Wright, 2016). The emergency planning and management in health care management improve worst case scenario and help post recovery process in the meantime.
There are few issues in disaster tourism as every bright side carries a black side too. When tourist visit disaster prone area it has its own risks and danger present in there (Norris, Martinez, Labaka, Madanian, Gonzalez & Parry 2015).
It is a known fact, people who are traumatized by the disaster are not in a state where they could understand the concern of the visitors. The survivors and respondents are in a vulnerable state of mind so even if visitors want to support them they unknowingly might hurt visitors by showing poor behavior. On the other part visitors also may by their actions can hurt the sentiments of people in the area where they are recovering form the death of their belongings (Lee & Hyun, 2016).
When tourist visit right after an earthquake they might face some physical danger which includes some flammable gases or blazing rubble at the site which is unsafe for the tourist itself. At a flood prone area there is a risk of live wires which may be dragging here and there in waters and the tourist, unaware of the situation may get electrocute by them. At the place of war, there are always risk of getting attacked any time. Even if tourist is visiting such place with an intention of disaster management but these risks presented can create issues in between their goal (Becken & Hughey, 2013).
The disaster area is already out of resource in way of scarce food and water, medical help which visitors may use up as they are there too. But tourist come with an intention to support, somehow they end up using scarce resource. This way travelers who come with a pure motivation to support economy by offering money and skills that they are capable of but the sufferers are of mixed feelings and they think of visitors as useless at the site and doing more harm rather than doing good deeds (Shakeela & Becken, (2015).
The sufferers from disaster who had experienced trauma and doomed by losing their loved ones, their livelihood almost everything. When tourist visit them they unintentionally might hurt their voyeurism in a way or the other, resultant few neighborhood oppose and took stand therefore the tourism has been banned in few places (Tsai, Wu, Wall & Linliu, 2016).
Disaster tourism constitutes a major part in the sustainable development of the disaster prone places. Though these issues are of main concern in disaster management but they do have their own significance in this instance. As a matter of fact, travelers visit disaster prone places to support people and economy for the faster recovery and during the whole process it affects both ways. The need for recovery demands more visitors in spite of issues it is creating at the area, as the money spend by tourist will pump up the economy and moral support to motivate people at site to recover from their emotional distress (Wright, 2014).
It is highly required to improve the management of disaster tourism as to reduce the effects of disasters, to reduce the harm in economy, to bring calmness in lives of community. The question arises here is that how can it be done?
IT can play a significant role in managing the disaster tourism well enough and prepare mitigation accordingly. Information technology can ease the work by handling models and frameworks of disaster management thereby making strategic plans which are practical enough to follow. It helps in measuring and assessing the strategies to enhance the effectiveness of disaster tourism. IT not only manages complex frameworks but also the resources which are in scarce and available for disaster management. The benefits are being weighed in investing in a particular IT structure and in other measures which can be adopted to improve the management, results shows how investment in technology has proven to be of benefit and contains measures to bring efficiency in management of disaster tourism. The main aim behind adopting information technology is only to enhance the effectiveness of the activities performed in managing disaster tourism and not in focusing on the performance of Information technology systems (Wuthisuthimethawee et al., 2015).
IT helps in various ways to improve the overall experience of traumatized survivors and travelers who have the intention to gain experiences, spread awareness around. Technology provides a platform of better communication whose coverage is wide and coordinate well in response. With the help of better communication tourist can arrange medical help timely when so ever required and make arrangements accordingly which cannot be done manually and effectively. This step of asking medical help will save time and effort also creates less ruckus at the area where disaster has taken place in this way the issues of behavior, scarce resource, and voyeurism can be dealt with as tourists are no more creating any hindrances in between (Kearns, Conlon, Valenta, Matherly & Jeng, 2016).
The benefits are countless of investing in information technology as it is a cost effective step if compared to other prospects of managing disaster tourism management. A proper planned method proves to be beneficial in every area whether it is about arranging healthcare or providing other resources with no disturbance while staying in the area of disaster. It contains all dimensions namely social, technical and managerial, a combination of these all three dimensions can be advantageous which can work on multiple areas at a time. Their expertise helps in managing the different range of disasters happened in a region or the other and focus on activities need to be performed depending on the disaster happened. IT also keep a better documentation of disasters happened with an objective of responding to the same if it happens in future at some other place, the activities can be carried soon by the experiences wrote down in documents. Thus, can spread awareness studying the comprehensive data recorded in it and apply the situational knowledge where the disaster took place (Rittichainuwat, 2013).
The leadership strategies which are required to improve the management of disaster tourism consists of a systematic and thorough approach of disaster tourism and its management. The strategies help defining roles of leaders and their duties to manage the whole scenario. Sometimes private actions do help in improving management and results in better outcomes (Taylor, 2015).
Leader’s responsibility are in many ways it can also be said that they are twofold:
A leader must ensure that from their past experiences they need to make organizational adjustments which are aligned with the crisis they are handling currently.
Leaders need to make informed decisions and preparedness by adopting collective thought process which will benefit the responders.
Leaders are required to make efforts in engaging members into an effective communication and practice which will help in improving the management cycle that ultimately guarantee a timely completion of task.
Leaders are the core element who are involved in the planning, spreading awareness and timely response to the crisis. In order to do so a leader must starts the whole process well in advance.
A directive leadership strategy is the key style of leadership in taking his team towards a specified goal of improving disaster tourism management. It is a kind of strategic leadership style which is required the most in this case.
Only a leader can coordinate and integrate the activities which are necessary to build and improve the management in regard to respond, recover and mitigate against the disasters. Mitigation is the key activity which needs to be performed by leader in advance in the beginning and the end after studying the past experiences.
Leadership strategies often carries few dimensions such as carrying an ability of networking, urgency, decision making, learning and lastly planning. These dimensions help across all phases of disaster management cycle (Veenema, Rains, Casey-Lockyer, Springer & Kowal 2015).
As discussed above the issues arise in managing disaster tourism in relation to improve its bad image and proper management of disaster tourism, Information technology can be implemented to provide timely completion of work and smooth flow in the management. People who are affected by disaster most probably do not like tourists to interrupt in their lives at that point of time when they are in emotional roller coaster, in this case the situation can be handled by not to disturb in their zones and help them out in a certain way that it creates no disturbance in between.
Conclusion
After studying various aspects of disaster tourism and its elements which are helpful in the management of disaster, the key issues involve in disaster tourism it is concluded that disaster tourism is more of a shared learning rather than an unnecessary congestion. If it is managed in a way explained above in the report then all the myths attached to it can be cleared out and helps in spreading awareness regarding the same.
References
Becken, S., & Hughey, K. F. (2013). Linking tourism into emergency management structures to enhance disaster risk reduction. Tourism Management, 36, 77-85.
Kearns, R. D., Conlon, K. M., Valenta, A. L., Matherly, A. F., & Jeng, J. C. (2016). Fostering Disaster Preparedness through the “Grass Roots Efforts” of an American Burn Association Special Interest Group. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 37(4), e394.
Lee, K. H., & Hyun, S. S. (2016). The effects of perceived destination ability and destination brand love on tourists’ loyalty to post-disaster tourism destinations: The case of Korean tourists to Japan. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(5), 613-627.
Norris, A. C., Martinez, S., Labaka, L., Madanian, S., Gonzalez, J. J., & Parry, D. (2015). Disaster E-Health: A New Paradigm for Collaborative Healthcare in Disasters. In ISCRAM.
Pourhosseini, S. S., Ardalan, A., & Mehrolhassani, M. H. (2015). Key aspects of providing healthcare services in disaster response stage. Iranian journal of public health, 44(1), 111.
Ritchie, B. W., & Campiranon, K. (Eds.). (2014). Tourism Crisis and Disaster Management in the Asia-Pacific (Vol. 1). CABI.
Rittichainuwat, B. N. (2013). Tourists’ and tourism suppliers’ perceptions toward crisis management on tsunami. Tourism Management, 34, 112-121.
Ruci?ska, D., & Lechowicz, M. (2014). Natural hazard and disaster tourism. Miscellanea Geographica-Regional Studies on Development, 18(1), 17-25.
Shakeela, A., & Becken, S. (2015). Understanding tourism leaders’ perceptions of risks from climate change: an assessment of policy-making processes in the Maldives using the social amplification of risk framework (SARF). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 65-84.
Taylor, F. (2015). Post disaster tourism development of Phi Phi Island: the influence of sustainability and political economy.
Tsai, C. H., Wu, T. C., Wall, G., & Linliu, S. C. (2016). Perceptions of tourism impacts and community resilience to natural disasters. Tourism Geographies, 18(2), 152-173.
Veenema, T. G., Rains, A. B., Casey-Lockyer, M., Springer, J., & Kowal, M. (2015). Quality of healthcare services provided in disaster shelters: An integrative literature review. International emergency nursing, 23(3), 225-231.
Wright, D. (2014). Residents’ perceptions of dark tourism development: the case of L’aquila, Italy (Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Lancashire).
Wuthisuthimethawee, P., Lindquist, S. J., Sandler, N., Clavisi, O., Korin, S., Watters, D., & Gruen, R. L. (2015). Wound management in disaster settings. World journal of surgery, 39(4), 842-853.
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