During the past decade there is an impressive growth in the field of Telecommunication Networks. In order to initiate and utilize this network effectively, there should be sufficient network management facility. In the next decade an impressive growth is to be expected in the use of communication networks. Numerous researches have been conducted in this field. The Telecommunications industry plays a major role in increasing the efficiency based on the economy and the society. This also provides major contribution in the development of the telecommunication sector. In this paper we have dealt regarding the Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) and the architecture. We have also discussed regarding the account and fault management technique in a telecommunication sector.
The network management model provides a goal in achieving the best working network with the support infrastructure. The architecture should be build up in the form of layers. This layered structure provides a good communication as well as it decreases the quantity of attentiveness that is shown to the support operators of the network (Roger, 2010). At the bottom of the layer, it is not possible to have the events from the individual NMS network infrastructure. For instance, it is not sufficient to have an individual working on the system log network of every event. Further, it is possible to depend on the systems at the Network Management Layer (NML) to clean throughout the events and illustrate the important evens. At the mean time, the Service Management Layer (SML) gathers all the events from the Network Management Layer and groups all the compound network management systems. An excellent NMS system could also afford reduplication of those networks event that could decrease the quantity of unnecessary messages, which is viewed by the operation’s personnel.
The services provided by the Cisco, adopts the advanced services that adapts the layered, hierarchical architectural systems. This management system provides a proper data flow with the efficient combination of several NMS tool. Various tools and relationship among the data provided by the NMS system of Cisco and their high-level amalgamation circumstance is shown in the figure given below.
Figure 1: Hierarchical architecture of the Cisco NMS.
TMN management function works as a management network for the telecommunication networks. This service forms a minor functional part that provides their services to the major TMN users. This management forms as a co-operative interaction between the managing and managed systems. The roles played by the TMN management services are defined within the scope of TMN management context. They play the key role in allocating the resources within the context. They function as a set of groups, in order to model the management information and this could be re-used for the different management areas (Debnath and Shankar, 2008). The architecture and the network model of TMN is described in the figure given below.
Figure 2: TMN architecture and network model
Several agents as well as the managers work in the following fields according to their capabilities: 1) Operations Systems (OSs) 2) Mediation Devices 3) Network Elements (NEs) and finally 4) Work Stations or Q Adaptors. The act of agent occurs when there is an interaction between the function blocks of NEs and Q Adaptors with the OSs and Mediation Devices. Additional information could be provided by the particular suggestions of TMN Management Services.
The following Management functional areas as listed in ITU-T M.3010, X.700 and X.701are as follows:
The fault management is composed of several FEs that purely focuses on the security and security based alarms and events. The security audit trail information and logs are also focused by this management team. They have a communication with the OS, in order to transmit the message that had been generated by the security events and alarms (Kaul, 2008). According to the ITU-T M.3016.1, the management team should have a proper communication with the FGs and the other interface modules. The fault management with the several FEs is described in the figure given below.
Figure 3: Fault management FG
The most widely implemented feature of the ISO network management network is the fault management, since this could cause a downtime or certain unacceptable network degradation. The main goal of the fault management deals with the following:
1) Detect the faults that occur during the network communication
2) Separate these fault data from the normal one
3) Send notification of the error detected over the network.
While working with the parallel system the user has to choose an interrupt based network or a polling based system. The factors that influence the transaction between the performance and easy programming could be complicated to an extent. Moreover, cost is also a major concern that is to be considered. A single poll system is much cheaper since this entirely depends on the user’s space without context switching. But this does not favor in the application performance when compared to the single interrupt system, which could provide many new messages to the device network that could remunerate the single poll system. This process totally depends on the communicational behavior since poll system needs the user guidance when there is a failure in the network.
The Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) collects the data of Quality of Service (QOS) from NEs that could provide support to the network. This QoS data could be send automatically to TMN on a scheduled source. The TMN has the whole right to modify those current scheduled or exceptional data. The report that is generated could consist of raw data i.e., the data grouped to perform the telecommunication services. This data is further analyzed by the NE superficially.
The scrutinizing and observation of the parameters includes the following parameters:
This management deals with the utilization of the network parameters so that the person or the user group could be synchronized aptly for the accounting purposes. This is analogous to the performance management. According to Cisco, Account management could be done by two methods: 1) NetFlow (network flow) activation and 2) Configuration of IP Accounting. With the analysis of these data, it provides insights to the present convention patterns. Service Level Agreement (SLA) promotes the utilized based accounting and billing system. This provides the terms of behavior within and outside the SLA. Collection of data is done through the probes or NetFlow. The NetFlow collector gathers all the information and the NetFlow analyzer analyze the information from various routers and catalyst switches. The IP accounting support of the Cisco networks promotes the user to view the amount of bytes and switch packets utilized by the software from the source to the destination. Following commands perform the function, which is listed in the table given below
Table 1: Description of commands with the suitable interface configuration mode
|
Command |
Function |
|
ip accounting |
Enables basic IP accounting |
|
ip access violation |
Enables IP accounting with the identification of IP traffic |
Based on the business estimation, the expansion in the amount of subscribers will improve the income of telecom industry. This analysis could be in the form of declining tariffs.
Declining Tariffs- Slackening of the telecom industry had increased powerful rivalry that ultimately emanated a war in the price level to cope up with the market value (Kedia, 2006). Enlarged rivalry and the consequent levy war have attracted many subscribers towards the tariff. Meanwhile, industries had a deal with the saturated market that leads to the reduction of the tariff maintaining the customers.
In the present scenario, the maximum amount of customers is mainly from the service that generates a low amount of revenue to the industry. Normally the revenue of the telecommunication industry is broken in two categories: 1) The commercial voice based industry that could be generated by the phone calls in which the tariff starts to decline. 2) The non-voice processing service that involves generation of data services that is currently at a higher margin rate.
Figure 4: Billing process of the management system
The goal of security management is to provide access to network devices and corporate resources to authorized individuals and to deny access to others. Security management covers the following areas:
CNET works with the wide area network (WAN), Local area network (LAN), Wireless local area network (WLAN). This network simulator works well with the layers of data link, network and transport protocol of the OSI model that works well with the network reference model. CNET, atlast produces the application and the physical layer of the OSI/ISO model. The protocols written by the user should necessarily fill the layers that is interrupted within the model. This could be done by CNET’s physical layer that arbitrarily introduce the layers. Advances users may develop some variations in the application layer of the OSI model that could vary in their message production and coupling of target. The simulation dimension may differ to few hunderd nodes.
The complete simulation of the network model map could be viewed by Tcl/Tk. This could be less visual when promoting with the ASCII terminal. The dynamic display in the form of graphical representation could be done by Tcl/Tk that could allow us to make changes during the process of simulation. The attributes could be changed depending upon the user’s view. The checkbox and the sliders could be used to modify the message generation rates and it’s dimension. Another menu could be used for every node that may be may be enforced to reboot, (coarsely) crash, (courteously) shutdown and reboot, pause and (hardware) fail.
This is the best known network management for the IP based internetwork and also for the internet. The SNMP protocol extracts the information from the Management Information Base (MIB) for managing the stations or entity. The common method to extract information from MIB is to use the Network management system, which could be either a workstation or PC to send to the router using the SNMP protocol (Junghagen, 2012). This protocol uses the transport layer that could be mostly sustained by the UDP port. The trap messages could be sending through the UDP port 162 and the remaining SNMP messages could be send through the UDP 161. The operation that involves the process of sending messages involves get, get-next, get response, set and trap. The representation of the SNMP network is shown in the figure 5
Figure 5: SNMP representation
The scheduled and on-demand tasks are performed with the help of Enterprise Network Management. The work of an Enterprise Network Manager involves the following process
Configuration of the network is very necessary that could make an impact in the security, quality and the reliability of a network service. The changes done are highly tedious that could maximize the multi-fold when done manually and these needs a very strong tool for managing the network. An IT pro survey has been carried out, which says about 50% transformation of the network led to the outages most commonly. In order to take this back we require a configuration management tool to help us with these happenings. Most of these tasks are repetitive and time consuming. Automating such management tasks will help admins and technicians save a lot of time and effort. For example, whenever you get a device down alarm, you will ping the device and do a trace route to know if there is any packet loss, where exactly it is happening or if the device is actually down. These repetitive tasks can be automated with workflows.
The disaster that could happen in these networks managing process is the loss of data as well as data insecurity. Sometimes data could be mixed up with some other data that becomes a huge disaster. In order to avoid these happenings the following measures are considered
Conclusion:
In this paper we have successfully dealt with the Telecom Network Management along with the various Network Management situations by ITU-T and the TMF. We have also successfully discussed with the SNMP representation that deals with the message passing protocol.
References:
Roger, J. (2010). Market-Based Management, Strategies for Growing Customer Value and Profitability. Pearson Education Inc. 5th Edition
Debnath, R.M. and Shankar, R. (2008). Benchmarking Telecommunication service in India: An application of data envelopment analysis. Benchmarking: An International Journal. Vol. 15 Iss, 5 pp. 584 – 598
Kaul, S. (2008). Business Models for Sustainable Telecoms Growth in Developing Economies. Hoboken, NJ, USA. Wiley. p 31
ShilinZheng and Michael Ward, R. (2011). The Effects of Market Liberalization and Privatization on Chinese Telecommunications.
Kedia, S. (2006). Estimating product market competition: Methodology and application. Journal of Banking and Finance. Volume 30, Issue 3, Pages 875-894, ISSN 0378-4266, 0.1016/j.jbankfin.2005.04.031.
Junghagen, S. (2012). An Introduction to Industry Analysis”, [Lecture] Strategic Management Module. Copenhagen Business School. Library, Room SP103, 18th May.
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (2009) Study Paper on Financial analysis of Telecom Industry of China and India. Press Release No59/2009
Telecom Tariff Trend, [Online], Available at: https://www.indiaTelecomonline.com/Telecom-tariff-trend/
The Economic Times. (2009) India: Reason behind India’s lowest tariffs in the world [Online]. Oct 2009, Available from: https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009- 10-25/news/28402469_1_outsourcing-deal-costs-operators
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