Discuss about the Supply Chain Management Of IKEA Company.
IKEA is a multinational company that has its base of operation in several places and distribution n several more. There are 403 IKEA stores spread across 49 markets, and the company has accomplished this achievement in 59 years of operation with the help of an effective supply chain as the stores are always packed with products and the website also draws significant number of traffic(“IKEA facts and figures – IKEA”, 2018). The organisation has been facing some serious challenges in the Supply chain that has been discussed in the previous assignment. The supply chain of the company is created to suite the vision of providing the customers with high quality polished design furniture at a very reasonable price. The supply chain and the Inventory management functions of the company help in upholding the value proposition (Chrisopher & Holweg, 2017).
In order to understand the challenges that the company is facing in the supply chain in the recent times it is important to understand the product line of the company: it ranges fromfurniture appliance, bookcase ranges, curtain accessories, children’s products in terms of furniture, bathrooms accessories and fittings,home accessories, kitchen articles, upholstered furniture etc. As the materials used for each of these products are different form one another they impact the decisions taken in the supply chain as well. The design process of the furniture take place in Sweden but the manufacturing is outsourced form china and other Asian countries where the cost of labour is comparatively cheaper than European countries (Chrisopher & Holweg, 2017).The technical know-how of the product design teams of IKEA and the innovative furniture that the Company sell make the life at home comfortable for all the global customers of the organization. The resources that the companies have in order to cater to the wide spread operation and distribution are:
Briefly, the supply chain of IKEA has the following steps procuring, storing, manufacturing, and delivery processes. Following is a diagrammatic representation of the supply chain process of IKEA (Christopher, 2016).
As IKEA’s mission is to provide the customers with ergonomically designed, purposeful, low priced and sustainable furniture. With the help of the supply chain have over the years successfully achieved the goal. Yet in the process of business function, there are severalchallenges due to various reasons internal or external. The dynamics of the business keep changing thus, the company has to renew policies and decisions to fit in the new dynamics. The new centralized approach of IKEA’s supply chain includes planning processes and organizations, helped IKEA detect issues and challenges, as well as address them so that the company can achieve the objectives. However some of the challenges that still persist are discussed bellow.
Sustainability: the concept of sustainability is important to recognize and implement by the company in order to leave the future generate with better opportunities. Sustainability is a concept which is explained in the triple bottom line concept which is becoming more and more popular among the business environment. The business community identifies the responsibility they have towards the society and the planet (Jonsson et al., 2013). This is one of the most important challenges that the company is facing in the process of the supply chain. As a multinational company there are number of distribution channel and several transportations which are used in order to make the process direct and reduce the cost of the product, both the objective of making the products available in low cost and maintaining a sustainable supply chain are two aligned concept. Truck, boat or train is used to transport products in the supply chain. The company aims at reduction of C02in the process of supply chain(Inter.ikea.com, 2018). But the challenfge here is to maintain the quality of the product, keep up with the time of delivery and also maintain sustainability in the process.Managing waste from packing material is another challenge that the company is facing. In order to maintain the quality of the product that is being shipped from one place to another the packing material that is used has to be very well structured. But the utility of the materials after the product is delivered to the customer is waste (Jonsson et al., 2013).
Maintaining low cost of products: in order to maintain the large demand and to keep the selves of the stores filled with options for the customers, IKEA enjoys economies of scale in the manufacturing process. This in turn helps the company to provide the customers with low cost products at high quality. The company also uses the JUST IN TIME approach in order to lower the cost related to logistics, inventory management and warehousing (Tan, 2001). However, it is a challenge for the company to maintain the objective of providing a low cost product to the customers owing to a number of factors in the supply chain. As mentioned above in order to maintain the quality of the product a lot of material is used in packing and therefore, the overhead cost of using excess packaging material is borne by the company and this in turn acts as a vestigial cost (Jonsson et al., 2013). Recently IKEA has claimed to maintain a flat delivery charge which ranges in between $9-$59 which in the past could go as high as $99. The challenge that the company is facing in this situation is the rising price of oil and other freight associated factors. As a multinational company there are a number of ways in which the company distributes its products and this may include a number of transportations in the way. With the increase in the price of oil and other transport factors the cost is increasing making it difficult for the company to maintain the low cost claim (Jonsson et al., 2013).
Centralized planning process in the supply chain:IKEA previously had a decentralized planning process and of its network of suppliers, distribution centers, stores and forwarders. But this aspect has been changed in order to maintain a more organized supply chain. A common and standardized processof working methods can be said to be a centralized supply chain planning strategy (Schoemaker et al., 2013). With the help of integrated IT infrastructure that facilitates easy scheduling and planning supports the centralized supply system. But there are various factors that a company should keep in mind in order to maintain an effective. One of the challenges is include parity in the objectives and incentives of individual organizations that result indisjointed global supply chain(Lorentz, et al. 2012). Several scholars believe that it for a largely spread supply chain it is not possible of the company to incorporate the features of a centralized planning process as they include a lot of dynamics which cannot be generalized on a central aspect (Pibernik and Sucky 2007). One of the major challenges of this system which is faced by the company is responding to the local conditions. As a multinational company it is important for the organisation to keep up with the local conditions of the places of distribution. Another issue in the process of centralized planning is that there is inconsistency of top level management involvement (Oliva and Watson, 2011). The process of centralized planning include shifting of the process of planning tasks from the planner to the system, which may lead tovariancein the thought process and resistance of the change. IKEA in this case does not have asufficient end-user training and knowledge which is another barrier in the process of implementing new systems. Everyone does not follow the centralized planning process which makes it difficult for the company to keep up with the proceeds especially for the new products. Adjusting to the new software was a challenge in the initial time of the change, which has been improved with time and training (Beske& Seuring,2014). IKEA has been facing challenges related to the support of capacity planning for DCs, stores, or transport and therefore people were facing issues with the new system. There are big data issue faced by the company there are challenges in the data quality but these issues have been addressed by the company and decisions were made to streamline the process. On the other hand, there are other challenges in the big data synchronization and integration. The problems like inadequate continuation of lead time data, furthermore the company also has faced challenges in-transit and stock data synchronization. All these aspects lead to a discrepancy in the master data (Alftan et al., 2015).
It is important to understand some of the issues in IKEA to provide recommendation for the company. IKEA has changed the process of supply chain as it revised that decentralization technique was making the process critical and haphazard the transport charges were increasing and there was also issues in keeping up and monitoring the issues. Here are three major issues faced by the company.
One of the most common issues with any business organization is marketing of the products. IKEA is a multinational company that has a number of stores all over the world the company has to deal with issues of diversity. And the company has been facing challenges in maintaining diversity in the organisation (“IKEA facts and figures 2017 – IKEA”, 2018). However the issue here is regarding the marketing decision that the company has taken. Furniture is a major part of the culture as the design and the layout of the houses in various parts of the world are different. In order to be in sync with the traditional design that is followed by a culture the company can come up with territorial designs to cater to specific customers (Inter.ikea.com, 2018). The design and the quality of IKEA are the most important objective and hence the company should focus on providing the customers with choice of traditional designs and standard modern design. This will help the company to market the product among the local competitors in the international market. To accommodate the changes in the product line for a particular market the company should also develop a supply network that will cater to the requirements of the design (“IKEA facts and figures – IKEA”, 2018). Inthe future the lack of the marketing of the product will lead to an issue in the outreach in the global market. The consumers of the different countries prefer a certain kind of furniture for example; in the Japanese market people prefer minimalist furniture. The furniture apart from being cost friendly also has to be varying in the designs to meet the needs of the people.
To mitigate the aforesaid issues the company has to focus of various measures. Firstly, it needs to understand the varying requirement of the consumers depending on the target market. Secondly, it has to make sure how those requirements can be met in a cost effective way. Thirdly, the company has to employ the local designers to meet the needs of the different people.
Expansion in the south Asian region especially in India is another major issue or challenge that the company is facing. This barrier in the process of expansion is a direct cause of the one of the most important factors of the external environment, political factors (CHEW, 2016). The government of India has a Make In India campaign as a part of their internal strategy of encouraging trade and business in the country, the government is contradicting the business function in this region as the clause of operation is procuring 30 percent of inventory form the country. Indi is a lucrative market to expand gives the circumstances and the prediction of the global market. In India English is used as an official language which bridges the gap in between the communication among the business function and the customers. But the contradiction of interest in between the company and the government of India is an issue that the company is still trying to overcome (CHEW, 2016). This can prove to be one of the major challenges in the growth and development of IKEA in the country as outsourcing the business means add-on costs to the company. The local legislations will also have issues regarding the labour laws in the expansion of the country.
The addressing of the issues will require a focus on certain points. Firstly the local laws and the legislations have to be understood to address the problem. Secondly, the organizations has to be decentralized to meet the issues present in the different countries that IKEA wishes to operate in. thirdly, the company needs to focus on low cost globalization policies and ensuring mass production in the offshore countries to maintain low cost.
The company stands for sustainability where as there are a lot of issues and challenges that the company is facing in the process of incorporating the strategies. First of the there was bad press due to the suspension of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certificate as one of the supplier so the company was found to have been cutting down trees which are around 600 years old. Many of the stakeholders of IKEA had raised concerns for the sustainable activities of the company (Danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu, 2014). On other hand the supply chain challenge that has been discussed above show that due to miscommunication among the supply networks. There is excess supply of raw materials in this case which further leads to wastage and goes against the Just in time approach of the company that is followed in the supply chain. As wood furniture is an important part of the design catalogue the question here is whether the company can be completely sustainable in their practices (Danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu, 2014). In the future the sustainability issues may pose a major threat to the operations and the reputation of the company. In the modern society people are becoming overtly aware of the environmental issues and the different issues may lead to bad press for the organization.
For the mitigation of the issues the company should implement some organizational changes. Firstly the wood products which are not used enough and returned or exchanged should be used for the making of the products. Secondly, the trees that are being cut should be compensated for by planting new ones. Thirdly, the organizations should adhere to the policy of producing minimal waste in the process of manufacture.
The company can overcome some of the challenges by identifying the opportunities that they have and the recommendations that will be followed.
Based on the long-term relationship with the suppliers that are already associated with the company this provides better opportunities in the market to build a better network in the growing supply chain.
The company also has opportunity to invest in outsourcing of some of the challenges that they are facing in the business function. Like the diverse planners with diverse knowledge.
There is a growing need for sustainable products among the customers which can be aligned with the sustainable activities of the company.
The company also has the resources to incorporate in a detailed learning and training program in order to improve the business operations. The people have a scope to learn and to improve the knowledge regarding the new process and system in the global market that has been incorporated by the management of the company.
The weakness of IKEA’s supply chain has been addressed in Assignment 1, here are some of the recommendations that the company can incorporate in order to overcome the weaknesses.
The first weakness that has been pointed out is the lack of co-ordination among the suppliers and the company. Here the issue can be aligned with the centralized supply chain challenges of big data management can be aligned. The company has to incorporate training and skill development for the people to ensure efficient communication and to co-ordinate better with not only the suppliers but also with other networks in the process of the supply chain. Ascommunication is a key part in the process of supply chain. The company has to incorporate soft skill development training. Each supplier can be followed up by an individual in order to co-ordinate the process and to reduce the excess supply issue. The company should not have incentives based on the supplier delivery rather this policy should be reframed in order to address the issue of excess supply. However, the focus of the recommendation is in the development of training program. The HR department and the higher management are the two section of the company who are associated with this recommendation. The people who are associated directly with the supply chain networks should be the first ones to get communication and use of software training to reduce the data problem. Once the issue of big data management is solved the company can move further with the training program in including other in the business function which includes support for the end user, line management. In order to address the issue with the implementation of new supply chain as well as global planning system, the employees should be made aware of the changes and the changes they have to adhere to further on so that there are no issues or inconsistency in the process of business operation. The HR department should also recognize the areas in which people are having difficulty in adapting the new rules and regulation as the standardization has brought about a number of changes in the internal and external process as well. Along with this the HR department has to employee new recruits to keep up with the flow of work and the demand for new planners in the process, the company can also choose to outsource the service. Outsourcing is a part of the business function this would be like an addition to the department.
Again there is discrepancy in the data causes conflict among the company and the suppliers, the local networks of the supply chain. In order to mitigate this weakness the company has to ensure that the monitoring and the evaluation process are reframed. The company can formulate the process of data maintenance as a part of the evaluation process which will motivate the people to have a better approach to the process of data maintenance. This recommendation follows the previous one as the process is related; communication will not only solve the problem of discrepancy the people have to have a good knowledge about the process of deal with information. The employees have to understand the importance of centralized data base and use it for the advantage of the supply chain. The expected deviation should be monitored in order to reduce the waste and also to reduce the cost that is being incurred by the company in the process of buying excess items from the supplier due to miscommunication.
Thus it can be concluded form the above discussion that IKEA after the change of the supply chain from being a decentralized process to centralized system, the employees of the organisation are having a difficult time in accepting and adhering to the new decisions and policies of the centralized system. Another major aspect of challenge that has been discussed in the essay is regarding the management of big data in the supply chain process because of the change and the use of new software, there has been a severe challenge of lack of knowledge as well, which has led to the barrier of big data management. It can be summarized as a challenge in adaptability in the new process of the company and as some people are still not adhering to some of the policies and decisions made by the management to initiate the changes. The other two challengesare to maintain the sustainable stand of the company in the supply chain and logistic department and the claim of the company to maintain low cost of the products given the approach and the new centralized system is also a major challenge. The company should first arrange for a training program in order to improve the performance of the employees. The employees lack knowledge, soft skills as well as technical skills of the new technology that is incorporated in the organisation. The company operates in the multinational market and thus has a large scale operation which allows the company to incorporate a learning program in order to address the challenges that have been discussed above.
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