Question:
Discuss about the Role of Manager in Decision Making.
Decision making process is the vital process of the manager in every organization. I am working with large Australian Pharmaceutical Corporation. My team developed a new vaccine and I believe it can treat a virus hastily spreading in West Africa. I will argue for the thesis statement, “Decision making process for sharing the experimental vaccine with the health worker in West Africa.”As a manager of the Australian Pharmaceutical Corporation, I believe that experimental vaccine should be sent to West African organization for the welfare of people. The essay will cover the decision making process with eight steps with the help of it I can analyze the decision in the context of supporting people of South Africa.
The major role of manager is in decision making process and he is liable to take decision in effective manner. The eight steps of decision making progress is mentioned below which will be helpful to take the decision for sharing the vaccine. The first step of decision making process is recognition of the problem which explains the problems within the organization. It is considered as the most vital step of the decision making process because it facilitates manager to recognize the issues within an organization in sophisticated manner (Hecker, 2010). In the case study, the main concern of the management is to take the decision whether to supply the vaccine to West Africa organization or not. It has been analyzed that health worker of West Africa demands for experimental vaccine for those people who are infected from virus. I have gone through with entire scenario and analyzed that vaccine has experimented on the body of Chimpanzee which provided positive result. It has evaluated that the working body of the chimpanzee and the human being are similar (Husted & Allen, 2008). So in the initial process of decision making, the problem was clear that whether to provide vaccine to West Africa organization or not.
The second step of the decision making process is to analyze the problem in sophisticated manner so that the systematic analysis can be done in an efficient manner. It covers mainly three principles such as the importance of the decision, the influence of decision on other functions and the zone of the business (Nguyen and Profit, 2016). In the case study, it has beenevaluated that the concern is that the use of vaccine is suitable or not (López-Ruiz, Bergillos& Ortega-Sánchez, 2016). By analyzing the issues, it has been recommended that the organization of West Africa will examine the result of vaccine by testing and after that it will move further and provide the facility to people in wider manner.
The third concept or step of the decision making process is developing alternative solutions. It defines that the manager needs to review relevant concept the ethical consideration which will define the requirement (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013 The step of analyzing the issues will define the goals and objectives of the company which would be helpful for the employee of the company to follow the guidelines in proper manner. This step involves guidelines or instruction on the basis of which the manager can compare the taken decision. Guidelines will be helpful for judging the result sought by the management. It is important for the Australian pharmaceutical to consult with the health workers of the Australia. They can take the permission from the higher authorities and work under their observation (Tenbrunsel& Smith?Crowe, 2008). It will be good decision for the Australian Pharmaceutical because they will give permission after analyzing efficiently. So if any problem arises the higher authority will be helpful to give guidance for improvement. Summarizing, this step is entirely followed by the manager in an adequate manner.
Figure 1: Decision making process
Source: (Othman, 2011).
The fourth step of the decision making process is regarding the first step of process that is selecting the better option of alternatives to take decision. It is helpful to resolve the issues by providing alternative in the solution. It involves higher risk in this process; it is worth for the Australian Pharmaceutical. The manager of the organization is entirely liable to take the decision regarding alternative options. I would like to recommend to the organization to keep backup plan or medicine if the provided vaccine to West Africa does not work well. It would be the alternative action of reaction which reduces the risk of the organization. Along with that it is the duty of the management to evaluate the results of vaccine. It is required for the manager of the organization to take decision after evaluating the pros and cons of the alternative decision (Elwyn, et.al., 2014). In brief this step is facilitated to the management of the organization to have the alternative options if the vaccine examination on the human gets failed.
In the next step of decision making which include the progress of the evaluation criteria based on objectives of the organization. It is considered as the fifth step of the organization. It has been analyzed that the business can progress constantly if it fulfills the requirement of legal and ethical obligation of the company (Phillips, Fletcher, Marks and Hine, 2016). These obligations can be fulfilled in accurate manner if the manager of the organization is able to analyze the working style of the lower management and can have ability to make amendment in their work style as per the requirement; it would be helpful for the organization to take decision in definite way (Kaner, 2014). It has been analyzed through case study that the main concern is to sent vaccine West Africa for curing the persons who are infected by virus or not. In this process manager have to implement the decision and for executing the manager need to meet with health workers and analyze the condition in the form of geographical, demographic and impacted people by virus in West Africa. After that only preferable and requirement choice should be chosen. As the manager of the company, it is my responsibility to evaluate the entire aspects regarding vaccine so that no one get impacted adversely due to bad impacts of it and possible actions could be taken in case of requirement in future.
It is the next step of the decision making process which involves the decision of choosing best alternative options for implementing the decision in the organization. While considering the all alternative options it is required for the manager to opt for best one and evaluate that which one would be effective and keeping higher degree of succession. As it is mentioned in earlier step that the decision will be influenced by the goals and objectives of the company and the management will have a backup plan for vaccine regarding failure test on the human of vaccine (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). The combination of the alternative plan can be observed in the decision making process by the manager. So, as per case study the manager should evaluate all options in the ethical point of view and examine all the facts regarding the vaccines which areappealing to buy the vaccine and then take the appropriate decision to sell the vaccine to them or not.From the above discussion, it would be unproblematic for the manager to know about the result that the vaccines should be sent for infected people by virus in West Africa or not.
The seven step of ethical decision making process in the organization involves the procedure of implementing the chosen decision in the organization. For instance, if the decision of management is decided to do not send vaccine in West Africa would be the best option for the company and the people of West Africa then they not sell it to them. But if they consider the outcome of the vaccine in positive term than it can be sent to the West Africa for curing the infected persons from virus. So whatever the decision of the company but it should be done in the favor of people and under this process the management of the company should initiate the plan (Govindan, Rajendran, Sarkis and Murugesan, 2015). Being the manager I believe that sending the vaccine to the people of West Africa after having backup plan can be the good decision but it should be done under observation of the health worker association of Australia and should be tested on human with under surveillance of the medical health care team.
The final step of the decision making process is including the process of validation of solution against the statement of problem. It is the step which says that the management of the organization should evaluate the taken decision and compare it with other alternative options. It is required for the management of the company to evaluate the possible outcomes of the implemented plan and potential actions shouldbe ready in order on emergency terms so that in case of requirement the possible actions can be taken in adequate manner (Pettigrew, 2014). After monitoring, it has been resulted that the vaccine can be sent to the West Africa because it has been tested in Australia at once, secondly there is a ratio of people prevailing in Africa who are infected with virus. At last, there is no other alternative excluding this vaccine which can use to cure the virus. Thus, the manager shall sell the vaccine to the West African association.
Conclusion
It has been concluded that the management of the organization should take appropriate decision for sending experimental vaccine for preventing virus to the people of West Africa. The ethical decision making process has been selected for taking decision by manager in a systematic way and step to step. There is a lot of importance of decision making process in the management such as facing problems and challenges, business growth, attaining objectives and enhance efficiency
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013, Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines.Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices–United States, 2013-2014 MMWR, Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports/Centers for Disease Control, 62(RR-07), 1.
Elwyn, G., Dehlendorf, C., Epstein, R.M., Marrin, K., White, J. and Frosch, D.L., 2014, Shared decision making and motivational interviewing: achieving patient-centered care across the spectrum of health care problems, The Annals of Family Medicine, 12(3), pp.270-275.
Ford, R. C., & Richardson, W. D., 2013, Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature, In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 19-44).Springer Netherlands.
Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014, Quality management for organizational excellence.Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson.
Govindan, K., Rajendran, S., Sarkis, J. and Murugesan, P., 2015, Multi criteria decision making approaches for green supplier evaluation and selection: a literature review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 98, pp.66-83.
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Husted, B. W., & Allen, D. B., 2008, Toward a model of cross-cultural business ethics: The impact of individualism and collectivism on the ethical decision-making process. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 293-305.
Kaner, S., 2014, Facilitator’s guide to participatory decision-making.John Wiley & Sons.
López-Ruiz, A., Bergillos, R. J., & Ortega-Sánchez, M. 2016, The importance of wave climate forecasting on the decision-making process for nearshore wave energy exploitation. Applied Energy, 182, 191-203.
Markham, A., & Buchanan, E., 2012, Ethical decision-making and internet research: Recommendations from the aoir ethics working committee (version 2.0).
NEGULESCU, O., 2014, using a decision-making process model in strategic management, Review of General Management Volume 19, Issue 1, Year 2014 111
Nguyen, T. and Proffit, W., 2016, The Decision-Making Process in Orthodontics.Orthodontics-E-Book: Current Principles and Techniques, p.208.
Othman, S., 2011, Islamic management decision process: The essence of leader’s or manager’s job. Retrieved on 2nd November, 2017, from: https://islamicstrategymanagement.blogspot.in/2011/10/islamic-management-decision-process.html.
Pettigrew, A.M., 2014, The politics of organizational decision-making, Routledge.
Phillips, W.J., Fletcher, J.M., Marks, A.D. and Hine, D.W., 2016, Thinking styles and decision making: A meta-analysis.
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