Question:
Discuss About The Perspective Responsive Designing Principle?
With the increasing number of mobile devices with variable screen sizes are used and adopted by the users throughout the world, the need for the responsive web design is also becomes more important for the designers. This becomes more important as without the responsive design the websites does not provide a consistent view on the different devices the users are trying to open it. Presently the sites are developed with the responsive layout by keeping in mind the small resolution of 320 pixels to the larger resolutions like, devices with 120 pixels.
The following report contributes to the review and explanations about the different features of a given site makezine.com, positive and negative aspects of the provided site from the perspective of the users and numerous recommendations that can help in improving the experience of the users when they interact with the given site. In addition to that the tools used for the testing are also discussed in the different sections marketing report along with the advantages and disadvantages of the tool. Moreover, other available tools to test websites are also discussed in this report.
The makezine.com is a digital magazine that publishes articles on DIY or DIWO project related to the computer, woodcraft, metal works as well as electronics and robotics.
The pages of the site are using the responsive web designing methodology. This helps the user to see the site in a consistent layout on the different devices with varying screen size.
The given website is served with GZIP encoding to the users that helps in the reduction in the loading time for the webpages of the website.
In addition to that, all the pages are also optimised for mobile viewing as majority of the users are using mobile or smart phone devices in order to access the site. For this optimization the pages are developed using the media specific CSS.
The use of the media specific CSS enables the browsers on the smartphones or other similar devices to detect the screen size and optimize the pages as per the size as well as in efficiently rendering the navigation controls, images and texts.
This site also follows the standard practice of using a permanent URL HTTP 301 redirecting process in the different URLs of the different pages that are with/without trailing slashes.
Use of the Media Specific CSS: All the pages in the sites are developed and delivered to the users with the media specific CSS for consistent view regardless of the screen size of the screen of the devices (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). Thus leads to the better users experience whether the access the site through a work station or a smart phone device.
Efficient use of the Web page Titles: All the web pages of the given site efficiently uses page titles. These page titles appears on the top of the search results for a search engine results as well as at the top of the user’s browser windows. Use of appropriate page titles can help in search engine ranking optimization to be in the top results in the search results.
Lack of height and Width HTML tag: While evaluating the given website “makezine.com”, we found that the most of the images on the different pages of the site almost 98.0% images does not have any defined size by utilizing the height and width HTML attributes on the pages (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). Even though these HTML attributes are considered as operations by the web page designers but are strongly recommended as this attributes help the web browser load the web pages faster as the browser can render the total page while keeping the space for the image on the page.
The Web browsers download the page data in a parallel way as well as they try to render the webpage as soon as possible with the downloaded data (Baturay and Birtane 2013). If the image height and width of the source images is not specified, the browser would not have any idea about the dimension of the image and the space it is going to take on the web page until the image is fully downloaded by the browser. This delay in the download of the image and rendering process forces the web browser to frequently reflow or repaint the layout of the page. This consequently leads to the overall delay in the complete load time. With the more number of images with the same issue the more time browser will take to load the web page (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). If the height and width of the images are specified either in supporting CSS or in the main HTML code then the web browser can easily avoid the frequent repaints of the layout of the page as per the downloaded content.
Lack of Description Meta tags: In our observation all the pages of the site include some metadata. On the other hand only 40.0% of the web pages in the site consist of a description Meta tag. The description Meta data on every page is considered as important because it is used by the search engines whenever a user searches for some site that matches with the similar Meta tags and with better Meta tags it can improve the ranking on the search result pages.
Empty headings: In our observations we found that some of the headings on the different pages are empty or are incorrectly defined (Baturay and Birtane 2013). These empty headings can irritate the users as are of no value to impact the search engine results. At the end it makes a website less accessible and are avoided by the users.
The pages on the site uses proper contrast between the back ground of the page and the elements on the foreground. In addition to that, the pages also contains well defined headings that makes the user easily interact with the content under each and every heading with lesser amount of effort.
Including Meta data on all the pages: It is to be ensured that every page on the site include at least a Meta description for their Meta Tags. If this Meta Data is not included on the pages then search engines will arbitrarily choose some sample text from webpages in order to determine the appearance in the results list. Inclusion of Meta description can improve the appearance of the site in the search engine results.
Proper use of the headings and content under them: It needs to be made sure that all the headings on the different pages have at least some content relevant to the heading on the pages.
Incorrect use of the headers on the pages: Some of the web pages of the site contains headings that are not defined correctly. As per the standard convention, the H1 tag must be used for top-level headings on the pages, H2 needs to be used for sub-headings under the main headings,H3, H4 for sub-headings that comes after and so-on. Not using this convention results in confusion in the visitors to the site.
RWD or the Responsive web design is considered as an approach in the field of web design that delivers an optimal interaction and viewing experience through the wide range of users devices with varying screen sizes such as desktop computer monitors, hand held smart phones.
There are mainly 9 principles that are to be maintained and adopted while designing a responsive web design. The principles are briefly described below.
Flow of the Content: With the smaller screen sizes of the devices the content on the page takes up more and more vertical space, thus the next part in the content is pushed down so that it would not interrupt the users view. Pushing down the content of the webpages for better viewing is called flow.
Use of relative Units: The viewing screen can be a smart phone screen, desktop, or other devices. Pixel density on the different devices also varies, therefore in the designing the web pages some units requires that are flexible to work with. In this scenario, relative units like percent of the screen size is helpful. Therefore making something 40% wide on the screen, will imply that the element will always 40% of the screen. For this viewport can be used that is total size of web browser window.
Use of the Vectors instead of image files: In case the used images on the web pages does not contain some specific effects, it is suggested to use the Vectors. As the Vectors can provide consistent view of all the images even though they are zoomed out.
Use of Web fonts: In the responsive web designs the use of the web fonts is encouraged so that the view of the pages can be made attractive. At the same time it is also important to keep in mind that, the increased number of used web font’s increases the loading time of the web pages as the page loads only after all the packages are downloaded.
Mobile first approach: As the number of smart phone devices and their users increasing day by day (Voutilainen, Salonen and Mikkonen 2015). A large number of users access the site through the smart phones thus it is suggested to develop the website with mobile first approach.
Use of Max and Min values for different elements: Use of the Max and Min values in order to restrict the stretching of the content of the site throughout the page or screen. As an example for the content or an element having width 100% will result in the stretching of the total content or element all over the screen. On the other hand the fixing the max width 100px would restrict the content from filling the overall screen, but go over 100px.
Use of the Nested objects in the design: In the web pages that consist of lot of elements that depends on each other for their position on the screen. In this scenario it would be difficult to control the positions and appearance on the screens. In order to avoid this issues, it is important to wrap elements in a container in HTML code (Baturay and Birtane 2013). This makes the elements more clean, understandable as well as tidy on the screen. In this scenario the static units for the screen sizes such as pixels can help to position the elements.
According to our tests the pages of the site is developed depending on the nine RWD principles discussed above. Such as the
For reviewing the given site we have used the Chrome device simulator of the chrome browser.
The chrome device simulator is helpful in the following ways,
Helps the developers to find unexpected behaviour of the responsive sites on different viewports.
It is free and open source
The emulator can be connected with IDE’s so that early testing during the development of the pages can be done.
It is an inexpensive solution for the testing of the sites.
For any device and its browser, there are mainly three components that are important for rendering the sites which are,
Screen size of the device: It is the size of the viewport of the device to render the webpage.
User Agent: It is the component of the browser that informs the website about itself and its attributes to retrieve the appropriate HTML.
Rendering Engine of the browser: It is the code of browser which is used to interpret the HTML/CSS on the page. After that it renders and create what the users see in the browser.
The chrome device simulator can accommodate the requirement one and two in the above list. On the other hand, in case of the Rendering engine the Chrome device simulator cannot emulate the behaviour of a real one leading to the inefficient testing and results (Baturay and Birtane 2013).
Unable to emulate Device hardware: CPU and GPU behaviour are not emulated in this simulation tool.
Browser User Interface: The emulator is unable to emulate the address bar and other system UI elements. In addition to that, native displays, such as
Some enrichments, like number inputs, keypad mode, varies from actual mobile device behaviour. Other browser functionalities like, the iOS orientation zoom is not emulated in the chrome device emulator. In addition to that, line-height CSS property operates in the emulator, but is not supported in the browsers like Opera Mini.
Responsinator.com: Responsinator is an online tool that helps website designers quickly get an overview about their responsive website. Changing the device settings on the site they can test their sites on the most popular devices starting from the desktops to the smart. The site does not exactly replicate how it will look and act on the devices thus the site suggest use of the real devices for accurate testing result.
MobileTest.me: The Site helps the developers to select from a wide range of mobile devices with different screen sizes so that they can observe the appearance on the viewports of those devices.
Conclusion
In developing the responsive web design, it can help in the decreasing the development cost for different platforms as it uses single and common code Base. Responsive websites utilize one code base for all devices with varying screen sizes, which implies that only one site needs to be maintained, which can mean less cost after some time. Responsive website designs enables applications for adjusting powerfully to different screen sizes, extents, and introductions. RWD is a way to deal with the issue of outlining for the colossal number of gadgets running from little cell phones to extensive desktop screens. The most important technical issue for developers taking a shot at responsive destinations is progressively resizing pictures. Utilizing CSS2 to code for pictures in adaptable design that resize for various measured viewport is simple. The issue is that smartphones need to download the full-estimate picture before measuring it to fit the show. At the end the, development costs for responsive plans add expenses to the advancement stage. As opposed to planning one interface, designers now need to code to support more than one devices and test them all.
References
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