Discuss about the use of Second Generation Antipsychotic medications (SGA’s) and their effects (wanted and unwanted) on service users and your role as a mental health nurse administering these medications.
This report covers the discussion about the second generation antipsychotic. The subject came into thought because of expanding utilization of prescriptions. The original antipsychotics have been replaced by the second generation antipsychotics. They offer wide assortment of advantages and have likewise lessened the reactions. This report covers the solution techniques of second generation alongside its advantages. This report covers the medication strategies of second along with its benefits. The side effects have also been listed below.
Metabolic Syndrome can be treated as a cluster of all the metabolic disorders. If a patient is suffering from such illness there are chances that it may lead to future cardiovascular disease. This disease arises mainly when there are chances of abdominal obesity, greater triglyceride level, high cholesterol or high blood pressure (Al?Nasiry, et. al, 2015). The risk of Metabolic Syndrome increases if there is presence of any such abnormality. According to the research it can be stated that metabolic syndrome is strictly linked with overweight or obesity in an individual. The risk of metabolic syndrome increases with age, race, obesity, diabetes and various other illnesses (Lui, Randhawa, Totten, Smith & Raese, 2016). The metabolic syndrome doesn’t have any signs of symptoms thus it adds up more risk as there is no clear visibility. This is generally seen among those individual who have higher weight. The kidneys can also be affected as there are chances of leaking of protein that give a clear indication of kidney damage (Leite, et. al, 2017).
SGA’s is a new terminology that arrived after first generation. This covers various drugs like chlorpromazine, haloperidol, fluphenazin and many others. If compared with the first generation antipsychotics it has high efficacy (Hooijschuur, Ghossein-Doha, Al-Nasiry & Spaanderman, 2015). The side effects have also been reduced due to the modified use of drugs. The second generation antipsychotic is also known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors that were introduced in the beginning of 1980s. The main motive of using SG is to block all the receptors to pathways to cause any damage.
The second generation medication has higher efficiency in terms of treatment from all the diseases and it is powerful from overcoming from all the diseases. Second generation antipsychotics can also be termed as a typical antipsychotics. They generally have lower risk of side effects as compared to first generation antipsychotics. It is one of the powerful techniques used to overcome from illness as it is different from other dosing administration. They are mainly used in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and acute agitation. They mainly differ from old medications as it makes use of 5HT2 receptor which was not used in case of first generation. The other benefits of using second generation antipsychotic are it binds all the drugs to a receptor rather than binding them at a striatal area (Gerhard, et. al, 2014). They are very powerful as they make patients independent and remove the disease. There are very new medications that are approved like clozapine, risperidone and aripiprazole drugs. With the innovation of these drugs the physical symptom like anxiety, paranoia has become less.
These are very useful as they are basically used to provide short term treatment for all the disorder by controlling the symptoms. The symptoms can be very acute but second generation treat the illness in a manner that they add long term value by preventing the disease to last for long term. Thus it can be stated that they help in controlling all the positive symptoms and second generation antipsychotic medications can help with the negative symptoms also. They are essentially used for severe bipolar disorder severe depression. Second generation is very beneficial in terms of dealing with antipsychotic. It safely details the entire situation by taking care of which drugs should not be taken together. They can also be used to treat serious mental illness as well as other conditions related to emotional conditions (Nielsen, et. al, 2015). They are also useful as they reduce the effect on neurosystem by removing all the delusions that is experienced. The main advantage of using these drugs is that they improve the symptoms that lower the motivation. These medicines have various side effects like it leads to headache, nausea, constipation which in turn leads to increase in weight. It sometimes causes erection problem among men’s or disturbance in woman’s menstrual cycle. This
It is true that they offer benefits but they are various side effects that are caused due to second generation antipsychotic. The side effect can be in term of agitation, blurred vision, confusion, dry skin, nervousness, constipating, and excitement, raised pressure in eye, delusions, fast heartbeat, rashes, difficulty sleeping, swallowing, hallucinations, thirst difficulty, urinating, high temperature or vomiting (Pringsheim & Barnes, 2018). Second generation antipsychotic may also lead to weight gain and can also cause high level of sugar in the blood. Second generation antipsychotic medicines leads to development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome that is a life threatening side effect. Initially there are symptoms of fever, irregular heartbeats, rapid breathing and sweating (Semla, Lee, Gurrera, Bajor, Miller & Bauer, 2017). The unwanted side effects that are caused of second generation antipsychotic vary from drug to drug.
It is true that second generation antipsychotic have various side effects but still it is prescribed to be used. It is recommended as it can be used in treatment with schizophrenia and it also removes the side effects that are caused by first generation antipsychotic. They also help in reducing symptoms of the medicines that are caused by first generation antipsychotic. They are faster in terms of reacting to the illness and also help in reducing the side effects of neuromuscular effect (Shiel, 2015). Being a nurse second generation antipsychotic is prescribed as they are more effective in treating all the negative symptoms if compared to other methods. They help in removing the risk factors and disorders. This risk is increased even further if an unhealthy lifestyle is followed (Mirecc, 2015),. Generally it’s important that nurses assure that patients eat a healthy diet and get enough exercise.
According to (Pilon, et. al, 2017), a mental illness is increasing day by day and it leads to lower physical health. A person with poor physical health and mental health needs a nurse to monitor the individual. Nurses access the patient by focusing on the prevention methods and intervention of all the resources. Nurse focus on understanding the needs of an individual related to mental health illness. It is important that mental health nurse work on improving the physical health of patient this could be done by developing awareness regarding all the obstacles to improve the physical health. It can be stated from the research that people suffer from mental illness generally after the age of 25. The main reason of this illness is side effect of antipsychotic medication or inactive lifestyle. Thus the main role of nurses is to deal with the issues of patient and try to keep them busy. Medical nurses predominantly get to know the person by enhancing the social insurance benefit and by screening and observing every indication. They arrange and deal with the care of a person by investing a large portion of the energy with them. They likewise convey way of life programs by following up every one of the activities that they practice and after that alter them as indicated by the necessities. There are different cases, considering a case in which the patient was experiencing discouragement that had negative effect on this life, he was not able move appropriately and take legitimate choices
In the views of (Sjo, Stenstrøm, Bojesen,Frølich & Bilenberg, 2017), role of nurses in accessing the patient suffering from mental illness plays an important role. As nurses are treated as a professional care department that support an individual by offering them health care services and discovering recovery plans. They work on physical activities to show positive effect on their life and removing the symptoms of depression and anxiety. It is true that nurses led to physical health program for patients suffering from serious mental illness. These programs help them in analysing the health scenario of an individual. Nurses mainly access the individual by improving the health care service by screening and monitoring all the symptoms. They coordinate and manage the care of an individual by spending most of the time with them. They also deliver lifestyle programs by following up all the actions that they practise and then modify them according to the needs (De Hert, et. al, 2015). There are various examples, considering a case in which the patient was suffering from depression that had negative impact on this life, he was unable to move properly and take proper decisions (Ashp, 2015). Thus a proper care was provided by nurses by keeping him busy in the social activities so that level of depression gets reduced.
People are suffering from mental illness they have more chances of increased physical illness which also reduces the life expectancy. The people with mental illness suffer from low mortality and morbidity factors. The mental illnesses affect the physical health of a person due to low level of physical activities.
Physical health also plays an important role in impacting the mental health of a person. Severe mental illness leads to heart disease. The research suggests that people suffering from mental illness have higher risk of cardiovascular disease. There exist a double sided link between physical health and mental illness but this is often misunderstood. Mental illness is not a physical disease but this is related as mental illness has direct impact on physical health. Some of the examples that cover mental illness are depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and bipolar depression (Chaudhari, Otiv, Hoge, Pandit & Sayyed, 2017). It is important to treat all the issues related to mental illness otherwise it may lead to serious health issues such as heart disease, high blood pressure, weakened immune system, asthma, obesity, gastronomically problems and premature death. Thus mental illness could be improved by improving the physical health. This could be achieved by exercising daily that makes possible that more mindful interactions could be made. Other than it is recommended that healthy diet is taken and a proper sleeping scheduled is followed. It can be stated that poor physical health leads to risk in mental illness problems. In the same way poor mental health have negative impact on physical health of an individual (Christian, et. al, 2015). It can be stated that poor mental illness increases the risk of physical illness which can be improved eating healthy, spending time with those friends and family who care about their wellbeing, set goals that are realistic and achievable and by supporting an individual by being their mentor. Thus the main part of second generation antipsychotic is patient education so that they are aware of all the adverse effects that can be caused by these drugs. It is the duty of nurses to manage all the adverse effect by stopping all the antipsychotic effect.
The nursing practise includes defining all the terms that would be required. Nurses also outline appropriate groups that could be used for advanced clearance. The role of nurse’s n different for advances secretion techniques. The patient who is suggested take second generation antipsychotic should check the doze of tablets as they have poor effect on the blood cells. It is recommended that before prescribing the medicines regular blood test need to be done. Apart from that blood sample is tested before starting the treatment. The monitoring of all the body organs is done so that no wrong recommendation is done. The test helps the nurses in analysing the number of blood cells, to check that kidney and liver is working properly. Apart from that it I important to take proper nurses care before taking any tablets as second generation antipsychotic drugs can affect thinking. Thus it is recommended that nurse’s should take care of all the patients that face the side effects by using these medicines. Thus for nurses it is recommended that they consider patients safety at priority. This can be by done by implicating safety rules for the patients who are receiving antipsychotic assessment of all the ability and signs. Additionally with the information of all the prescribed medicines warning is given regarding all the problems and interventions. Frequent and constant monitoring is essential for individuals treated with antipsychotics in order to measure for therapeutic response and adverse effects (Bauer, Lee, Bajor, Rasmusson & Kazis, 2014). For the second-generation antipsychotics it is recommended that minimum trial duration is given that is three weeks after adjustment of the entire dose.
Thus it is recommended that all patients accepting second-age antipsychotics should be checked for indications of dystonia. Patients need to be assessed for intense extrapyramidal side effects week by week at least for two weeks after measurement adjustment when antipsychotics are started. Appraisals for the medicines lead in any event once yearly for people getting nonstop treatment with antipsychotics (Carbon, Hsieh, Kane & Correll, 2017). This helps in identifying all the side effects so that measures could be taken accordingly.
There exist some of the ethical principles that help in minimising the unwanted effects of Second generation antipsychotic medications. It is true that there exist various side-effects but still they are used as they have fewer side effects as compared to second-generation antipsychotics. These are beneficial as it eliminates the negative symptoms and also enhances positive impact of schizophrenia (Arango, et. al, 2014). The effect of second generation antipsychotic can be minimised by undergo comprehensive health check of a patient before an antipsychotic is prescribed. The risk can be avoided if all the drug s and the therapy of an individual are designed by considering all the pre-existing symptoms (Jibson, 2016). The side effects can be reduced by implicating proper treatment like effects on social functioning that need to be analysed before initiating therapy with the patient (Coughlin, Goldie, Tranmer, Khalid & Tregunno, 2018). The ethical principal states that patients should be frequently monitored for checking the side effects during and after the treatment. The alternative therapy need to be designed so that it is persistent.
The moral standards express that patients ought to be offered ideal to be educated about every one of the impacts and they ought to be effectively mindful about the social insurance. The mental care act states that a person’s self-esteem and independence helps in making decisions so that treatment could be done by refusing unwanted treatments and providing proper prevention methods. According to the research it is suggested that awareness regarding all the ethical reinforcements of consent and authorized requirements related to the treatment need to be discussed (Bahr, et. al, 2015). The treatment changes over time and may differ according to different conditions and circumstances.
The side effect of SG can be minimised by working according to the suggestion even by doctors. The dizziness and headache could be enhanced by proposing patient to drink a lot of water and maintain a strategic distance from all the liquor drinks. The prescriptions ought to be gone up against normal premise all of a sudden halting the solution can prompt unfavourable impact (Cohen, et. al, 2015). If the medication has a sever side effect it can easily be coped up by changing the does that it recommended and trying to get the optimum dose. The high dose symptom leads to have serious effect on the life patient. The medication should be taken on regular basis to avoid the adverse effect of medication. There are varieties of anti-anxiety drugs that are available to remove the side effect of the SG (Wang, Huang, Feng & Tsuang, 2018).
Conclusion
It can be concluded from this report that second generation lowers the risk of side effects and have faster effect on the recovery. The medications should be taken by legitimate proposal from the specialists as they incorporate different reactions moreover. They offer various benefits by taking care of which combination of drugs should not be taken together to avoid the chances of future side effects. It is prescribed by the vast majority of the specialists to utilize SG ha it has less reactions in addition to they are more successful. The literature review covers how wellbeing medical caretakers should access and screen the physical strength of administration clients. The exploration is done on the previous physical wellbeing status for individuals alongside their psychological maladjustment. The covers how health nurses should access and monitor the physical health of service users. The research is done on the pre-existing physical health status for people along with their mental illness. This report also covers the ethical principles regarding the practice that will help them to minimise the unwanted effects of SG has also been discussed. Thus it can be stated that physical health additionally assumes an imperative part in affecting the emotional wellness of a man
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