The Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard has been an emerging technology in the Fourth Generation (4G) mobile communication systems. The Third Generation Partnership project (3GPP) family of standards has helped in proposing basic knowledge about this new standard (Castel et al. 2015). However, some of the benefits of evolution has been providing higher throughput with low latency for accessing data. LTE helps in enabling a richer mobile service environment that helps in providing efficient usage of limited available spectrum.
As commented by Trifina and Tarniceriu (2014), mobile communication service providers has been operating networks in two different standards including 3GPP and 3GPP-2. However, both families of standards have been evolved for separating fourth generation technologies. The majority of service providers participate in growth of LTE and adopted LTE technology. The study on UMB has been stopped and use of mobile WiMAX has been evolved in the market by the communication providers (Carla et al., 2016).
The market of the mobile communication has been geographically fragmented based on several factors. The mobile communication service providers have been providing network connection at various places in the market based on demographics. In last few years, major service providers have been committed to single standard termed as Long Term Evolution (LTE) (Karami, Dobre and Adnani, 2015). This technology has been gaining its importance in the telecommunication industry rapidly.
This research will focus on the decisive convergence to a single mobile communication standard with the help of multi-level longitudinal LTE for exploring process, context and change associated to all (Naddafzadeh-Shirazi et al., 2015). The research might focus on describing convergence of LTE and other phenomenon in information technology. However, the research might be successful in completing the research objectives and aim of the research.
The primary problem for performing the study is related to mobile communication services. The two types of mobile communication including GSM and CDMA have been creating various issues in the communication. Therefore, the use of LTE has been promoted in these days. The benefits of the LTE services will be discussed in the study. The convergence of single mobile communication using the LTE process has been initialized in this study.
The aim of the research is to examine the 4g mobile standard convergence to the LTE standard.
The objectives of the research are as follows:
The research questions are as follows:
H0: The conversion of 4G standard into single LTE standard is beneficiary.
H1: The conversion of 4G standard into single LTE standard is not beneficiary
1.4 Significance of the study
The study has been performed on the limitations of the mobile communication network over the market. The study will focus in the implementation of the fourth generation network in the mobile communication industry. The use of the LTE for transmitting single convergence network will be identified in the study. The longitudinal study include combination with stakeholder analysis can be a lacking in the management.
As commented by del Peral-Rosado et al., (2015), standards refers to a common goal that helps in maintaining a proper mobile communication between two user in the market The use in the standards helps in supporting various identity in order to maintain the mobile communication. The American national Standards Institute (ANSI) has defined open standards as an available specification that helps in describing characteristics of hardware device and software program. Therefore, open standards can help in encouraging interoperability in the new technologies. As argued by Mehta, Akhtar and Karandikar (2015), it is free from all charge and easily accessible for use. Open standards implementations can be extended in various subset forms that makes it more accessible in the market. Various certified organizations decline their subset implementations and place requirements on their extensions.
As commented by Curpen et al., (2017), motivation and knowledge of the standards development procedure are an important process in the research. There various standard bodies that are operating at national level including Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF). As argued by Shih, Liu and Chou (2017), standard strategy is a plan for achieving consistency between pubic standards evolution and product development. Motivation of the development of the product has been committed by stakeholders of the organization. The common goal for moving the technology for creating products and services has been enhanced in the market. The analysis of stakeholders include interdependence, identification and positioning of the component in the market. Xu et al. (2017) commented that present stakeholder identification and classification has been applied in the information technology standardization process. The identification of stakeholders has been divided onto nine dimensions including production chain, value chain, inspection agencies, end users, regulators, researchers, educators, representative of organization and consultants. These dimensions have helped in analyzing stakeholders in the research. The specific unit of the analysis has been based in the internal validity of the data collection process used in the study. Chiu et al. (2017) commented that external validity can be achieved by analyzing theoretical relationships of the study.
Long Term Evolution is a 4G wireless network that is applicable in the mobile communication. The evolution of the 4g has been transacted from the 1G, 2G and 3G (del Peral-Rosado et al., 2017). The fourth generation of the mobile communication has been developed for providing quality communication services to the users. LTE technology is used for providing high-speed communication services over the wireless network. Different technology has been explore g the 4G wireless technology in the market. However, 3GPP is an agreement that has helped in providing multiple telecommunication standards (Afsahi and Wang, 2017). This technology has helped in increasing the speed of the communication and internet in the mobile communication sector. The LTE technology has been increasing speed of the internet services provided to the users in the market. The speed of internet and clarity in voice calls have helped in providing proper facilities to the users in the market. Various researches have been made on the LTE process that have helped in enhancing the quality of communication services in the market.
The need of the Open Access standard has been emerged in order to define requirement of multiple stakeholders and using only one driving stakeholder in the process. However, there have been some differences between LTE and Open Access standard. The standardization process of the standards are different from each other (Singh, Tabet and Vangala, 2017). However, Open Access standard have emerged from multiple stakeholders that helps in driving a single stakeholder in the organization. This is different from LTE as it focuses on the technological context by multiple stakeholders’ across several industry (Bui et al., 2017). Therefore, it is required to develop a longitudinal analysis of the collected data. The identification of relevant stakeholders in the organizations have helped in maintaining the decision making process in the organization (Bui et al., 2017). The use of the LTE in the mobile communication has helped in monitoring the speed of the services provided by the mobile communication network. The technological evolution of the Open Access standard has been enabled by the companies in the market for dominating on the quasi open source implementation. The level of openness has not been defined on terms of access for reference implementation. Therefore, the use of LTE standard is better then that of Open Access. The Open Access standard has been driven logically toward the adoption of technology in the life cycle.
|
Open Access |
LTE |
|
Analysis of one major stakeholder |
Necessitating the analysis of multiple stakeholders |
|
Technology evolution driven by an initial free release of private technological assets |
No standard technology available at the beginning, i.e. evolution driven by complex technology contribution, coordination and implementation mechanisms |
|
Relevant to a narrower industrial context |
Relevant to multiple industries |
|
Nature of openness – reference implementation, evolves in time |
Nature of openness – principles of cooperation setup at the beginning |
|
Dynamics – incremental adoption driven by the logic of technology adoption life cycle |
Dynamics – a high degree of (radical) acceptance within a very short period of time driven by the logic of technology convergence and network effects |
Table 1: Comparison of Open Access and LTE
This research will use a qualitative approach during the study. The relevant stakeholder’s included in the research will be properly analyzed in the study. The stakeholder analysis will create a great impact on the study for analyzing different units of the LTE communication. The technological convergence on the LTE standard will be properly analyzed in the study (Peethala, Zarifeh and Kaiser, 2017). The LTE technology has been increasing speed of the internet services provided to the users in the market. The speed of internet and clarity in voice calls have helped in providing proper facilities to the users in the market. Various researches have been made on the LTE process that have helped in enhancing the quality of communication services in the market.
The research will use inductive research approach. Public data source including stakeholders, alliance forming and standard development will be collected (Ootsuka, Kijima and Sakisaka, 2018). Secondary data will be collected from various online journals, books and reports. The initial phase of the research will focus on the descriptive design that contain all descriptive analyzing of the data and information collected from the secondary sources and stakeholders. The research will perform a stakeholder analysis and their motivations towards new products and services involved in the LTE transitions (Chen et al., 2017). The data related to 3GPP standard has been documented for the LTE standard mobile communication. The data has been qualitatively analyzed with the help of the stakeholder analysis. The stakeholder of the company has played an important role in decision making system (Bui et al., 2017).
The research will follow all the ethical considerations including security of data. Data and information related to the research will not be published until the completion of the study. Data will not be tampered during the analysis. The stakeholder will be free to provide their answers during the data collection method. The tools and techniques used during the data collection procedure will not be tampered. The research will, follow the Data Protection Act 1998 in order to secure data and information of stakeholders. The personal data of stakeholder will not be available for all excluding the research team (Malek and Leow, 2017).
The research might face some limitations during the data collection method. Data will be collected from online journals, books and reports. Online journals might not be available after year 2012. Some journals might be of paid version that might create a problem for the researcher to collect data from nut the stakeholder might not be ready for providing their answer during the data collection method. Online journals might be of different language that might create problem for the researcher to understand and gather data from it (Kulkarni, Sarkar, Nagaraj and Ahmed, 2017). The financial budget and timeline for the project night not be enough to complete the research. The financial budget of the research will be low that might restrict the researcher to use advanced tools and techniques of data analysis. The timeline provided for the completion of the project has been less.
All the events are relevant to the LTE standard that can be categorized in four layers. The chronological timeline events in the NGMN layers have been created for analyzing the LTE standard. Various events in the layer involve occurrences of different events driven by the NGMN alliance providing various service providers for the next generation mobile communication networks.
The research will be based on the longitudinal analysis of the stakeholder perspective. Random selection of online journals and books related to the topic will be done. The use of the random sampling technique will be used in the research. The thematic analysis of the journals will be done by creating themes related to the topic. The NGMN layers will be properly explained in the analysis that might help in maintaining change in the network of the LTE standard.
The expected outcome of the research project is to implement LTE convergence method in the 4G mobile networks. The research will help in fulfilling the objectives initiated at the first of the research. The service providers having 3GPP technologies including GSM, HSPA and CDMA are 3GPP based networks might be enhanced in the market (Bui et al., 2017). The use of the LTE network will, be initiated in the mobile communication networks that might help in increasing the speed of the internet services. The natural evolution path for 3GPP based 2G/3G technologies has been maintained by outcomes of the research.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the LTE technology is used for providing high-speed communication services over the wireless network. Different technology has been exploring the 4G wireless technology in the market. However, 3GPP is an agreement that has helped in providing multiple telecommunication standards. Online journals might be of different language that might create problem for the researcher to understand and gather data from it. The financial budget and timeline for the project night not be enough to complete the research. Open standards implementations can be extended in various subset forms that makes it more accessible in the market. Various certified organizations decline their subset implementations and place requirements on their extensions.
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